Astronomy time line Lesson 2 Technology advances. Better observations are made. New hypotheses...

Astronomy time line Astronomy time line Lesson 2Lesson 2

Technology advances.Technology advances.Better observations are made.Better observations are made.New hypotheses are proposed.New hypotheses are proposed.Old beliefs continue to be replaced Old beliefs continue to be replaced by new beliefs.by new beliefs.

The first telescope was a The first telescope was a refractrefracting telescopeing telescope

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Refract; Refract; means means to bend to bend lightlight

Galileo1609

Henry Hudson explores Delaware Bay and Hudson River

1650’sThese types of telescopes had to become longer and longer to become more and more powerful. New technology in lense making by Christiaan Huygens in 1650’s helped lead the way.



1673 The need for a new design1673 The need for a new design

Illustration of a 150ft KeplerianAstronomicalrefractingtelescope built byJohannesHevelius 1673. These typesof telescopes wereimpractical and showed aneed for a new way to buildand use a telescope.



Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton1666-16721666-1672

Sir Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton begins a series of begins a series of experiments with experiments with dividing white light with dividing white light with a prism into colors of a prism into colors of the rainbow called a the rainbow called a spectrum.spectrum.

Newton discovers that Newton discovers that white light is made of all white light is made of all the colors of the the colors of the rainbow. rainbow.



1671 1671 ReflectingReflecting telescope telescope Invented by Sir Isaac NewtonInvented by Sir Isaac Newton

Reflecting Reflecting means to means to “bounce off of”.“bounce off of”.

Reflecting Reflecting

Telescopes allowTelescopes allow

for a larger, for a larger,

Clearer, image.Clearer, image.

William HerschelWilliam Herschelbetween 1782 and 1789. between 1782 and 1789.

Discovered Uranus Discovered Uranus and the sixth and and the sixth and seventh moons of seventh moons of Saturn between 1782 Saturn between 1782 and 1789and 1789

He was the first person He was the first person to correctly describe to correctly describe the shape of our the shape of our galaxy, the Milky Way.galaxy, the Milky Way.

William HerschelWilliam Herschel1800.1800.

After learning of Newton’sAfter learning of Newton’s

work on light, Herschelwork on light, Herschel

Discovers that thereDiscovers that there

is light that we canis light that we can

not see . He calls it infrarednot see . He calls it infrared

light. This has seriouslight. This has serious

implications to astronomy.implications to astronomy.

Are there stars out there thatAre there stars out there that

we can NOT see?we can NOT see? Invisible Invisible

stars? stars?



Johann RitterJohann Ritter

In 1801, Johann Ritter conducted an experiment to investigate the existence of energy beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. Knowing that photographic paper would turn black more rapidly in blue light than in red light, he exposed the paper to light beyond violet. Sure enough, the paper turned black, proving the existence of ultraviolet light. Light we can Not see?

Percival LowellPercival Lowell

1890s he built a 1890s he built a private observatory in private observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona to Flagstaff, Arizona to study Mars. study Mars.

Discovers Pluto in Discovers Pluto in 1930.1930.

1846 -John Couch Adams and Urbain Le Verrier.

discover Neptune.





Urbain Le

Verrier.http://www.scientific-web.com/en/Astronomy/Biographies/JohnCouchAdams01.html

John Couch Adams

Edwin HubbleEdwin Hubble1930’s1930’s

Used telescope to Used telescope to determine that Our determine that Our galaxy is not the galaxy is not the universe but only one of universe but only one of many galaxies within the many galaxies within the universe.universe.

Proved that the universe Proved that the universe is expanding using light is expanding using light spectrum from stars.spectrum from stars.

The Red/Green ShiftThe Red/Green Shift

1960’s 1960’s Dr. Frank LowDr. Frank Low

Dr. Frank LowDr. Frank Low

Invents a device thatInvents a device that

allows a telescope toallows a telescope to

““see” infrared light.see” infrared light.

We view stars, gas, dustWe view stars, gas, dust

and galaxies that areand galaxies that are

otherwise invisible to a otherwise invisible to a

telescope.telescope.http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/news/930-feature09-08-Frank-Low-Pioneer-of-Infrared-Astronomy-1933-2009

Since 1609’s development of a Since 1609’s development of a refracting telescope, we’ve gone refracting telescope, we’ve gone

from seeing our night skies…from seeing our night skies…

To experiencing, in awe, a vast, To experiencing, in awe, a vast, unending universe that is filled unending universe that is filled with the most remarkable viewswith the most remarkable views

Aurora borealis from space

Aurora borealis on Jupiter taken with an ultraviolet camera on Hubble Telescope

Begin quizBegin quizComplete the following Complete the following sentences by filling in sentences by filling in

the blanks.the blanks.

1. At the time of Plato, 1. At the time of Plato, most of the world’s most of the world’s

cultures cultures believed_____________believed_________________________________________________________________________________________

__

2.Aristarchus was one of 2.Aristarchus was one of the first to propose the first to propose the________ theory the________ theory which states that the which states that the _______revolves around _______revolves around the ________the ________

3. Eratosthenes3. EratosthenesCyrene Cyrene

Proved the Earth was round by Proved the Earth was round by ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. ________________wrote 4. ________________wrote the Almagest which tells us the Almagest which tells us that the cultures of his time that the cultures of his time believed in the __________believed in the __________theory and that stars were theory and that stars were fixed on celestial spheres.fixed on celestial spheres.

476-800 AD476-800 AD5. Known as the ____ of __________5. Known as the ____ of __________

Because it is a period of very little Because it is a period of very little intellectual advancements due to the fall intellectual advancements due to the fall of the Roman empire, barbaric intrusions of the Roman empire, barbaric intrusions and warfare. and warfare.

________________ A Catholic ________________ A Catholic Monk who wrote a small Monk who wrote a small pamphlet titled, pamphlet titled, De Revolutionibus,De Revolutionibus,

He Believes the sun to be the center He Believes the sun to be the center of the universe. This is known as the of the universe. This is known as the

___________________ theory.___________________ theory.

6. A new invention by Leonard Diggs called 6. A new invention by Leonard Diggs called the______________ allows his Son__________ the______________ allows his Son__________ to correctly hypothesize that the stars are NOT to correctly hypothesize that the stars are NOT fixed on celestial spheresfixed on celestial spheres

7. __________________Spends 7. __________________Spends twenty years of his life to gather twenty years of his life to gather measurements of the motions of measurements of the motions of planets, stars, etc. Uses parallax planets, stars, etc. Uses parallax to prove Thomas Diggs’s to prove Thomas Diggs’s hypothesis is correct.hypothesis is correct.

8. ________________proves that 8. ________________proves that planets do not move in perfect planets do not move in perfect circles but in elongated circles circles but in elongated circles called ______________________called ______________________

9. ______ ________Is 9. ______ ________Is officially recorded to officially recorded to have invented the have invented the ___________ telescope___________ telescope (type of) (type of)

10. Not only 10. Not only did_______ improve did_______ improve the telescope, but he the telescope, but he alsoalsoIntroduced a law of Introduced a law of motion called inertiamotion called inertia

11. The first telescope 11. The first telescope was a ______telescopewas a ______telescope



12. Describe how a 12. Describe how a refracting telescope refracting telescope

worksworks

Refract; Refract; means means to_____to_________________

Galileo1609

Henry Hudson explores Delaware Bay and Hudson River

13. Fill in the blanks

1650’s14.These types of telescopes had to become longer and longer to become more and more powerful. New technology in lens making by ___________ ____________in 1650’s helped lead the way.



15.The picture from 1673 below shows 15.The picture from 1673 below shows the need for the need for aa _____ ________ _____ ________

Illustration of a 150ft KeplerianAstronomicalrefractingtelescope built byJohannesHevelius 1673.



1666-16721666-1672 16. Sir _____ 16. Sir _____

________ begins a ________ begins a series of experiments series of experiments with dividing white light with dividing white light with a prism into colors with a prism into colors of the rainbow called of the rainbow called a________________.a________________.



1671 1671 ReflectingReflecting telescope telescope Invented by Sir Isaac NewtonInvented by Sir Isaac Newton

17. Reflecting 17. Reflecting means means to …?to …?

Reflecting Reflecting

Telescopes allowTelescopes allow

for a larger, for a larger,

Clearer, image.Clearer, image.

18. In what way is a 18. In what way is a reflecting telescope reflecting telescope

different from a different from a refracting telescope?refracting telescope?

19. Who is this man and what did 19. Who is this man and what did he discover in 1800?he discover in 1800?

..After learning ofAfter learning of

Newton’s workNewton’s work

on light,______on light,______

discovers_______discovers_______



Who is this man?Who is this man?

20. In 1801,-__________conducted an experiment to investigate the existence of energy beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. Knowing that photographic paper would turn black more rapidly in blue light than in red light, he exposed the paper to light beyond violet. Sure enough, the paper turned black, proving the existence of________________

Who is he? What did he study? Who is he? What did he study? What did he discover?What did he discover?

21. 1890s he built a 21. 1890s he built a private observatory in private observatory in ______, Arizona to ______, Arizona to study _____. study _____.

Discovers _____ in Discovers _____ in 1930.1930.

1846 -John Couch Adams and Urbain Le Verrier.

22.discovered______ ???????.





Urbain Le

Verrier.http://www.scientific-web.com/en/Astronomy/Biographies/JohnCouchAdams01.html

John Couch Adams

Who is he? What did he Who is he? What did he discover?discover?

1930’s1930’s 23. Used telescope to 23. Used telescope to determine that Our determine that Our galaxy is not the galaxy is not the universe but only one universe but only one of many galaxies of many galaxies within the universe.within the universe.

Proved that the Proved that the universe is universe is _________ using light _________ using light spectrum from stars.spectrum from stars.

1960’s 1960’s Who is he ? What did he invent?Who is he ? What did he invent?

Dr. Frank LowDr. Frank Low

Invents a device thatInvents a device that

allows a telescope toallows a telescope to

see____________ see____________

Light.Light.

http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/news/930-feature09-08-Frank-Low-Pioneer-of-Infrared-Astronomy-1933-2009

Astronomy time line Lesson 2 Technology advances. Better observations are made. New hypotheses...

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