Astronomy SOL ReviewAstronomy SOL Review 6.86.8 The student will investigate and understand the organization of the The student will investigate and understand the organization of the

solar system and the relationships among the various bodies that solar system and the relationships among the various bodies that comprise it. Key concepts include:comprise it. Key concepts include:

1.1. Describe the planets and their relative positions from the sun. Describe the planets and their relative positions from the sun. 2.2. Compare the characteristics of Pluto & explain its designation as a dwarf planet.Compare the characteristics of Pluto & explain its designation as a dwarf planet.3.3. Design and interpret a scale model of the solar system. Design and interpret a scale model of the solar system. 4.4. Explain the role of gravity in the solar system. Explain the role of gravity in the solar system. 5.5. Compare/contrast revolution & rotation. Compare/contrast revolution & rotation. 6.6. Model and describe how day and night and the phases of the moon occur. Model and describe how day and night and the phases of the moon occur. 7.7. Model and describe how Earth’s axial tilt and its annual orbit around the sun cause Model and describe how Earth’s axial tilt and its annual orbit around the sun cause

seasons. seasons. 8.8. Describe the unique characteristics of planet Earth. Describe the unique characteristics of planet Earth. 9.9. Discuss the relationship between the gravitational pull of the moon and the cycle of Discuss the relationship between the gravitational pull of the moon and the cycle of

tides. tides. 10.10. Compare and contrast the ideas of Ptolemy, Aristotle, Copernicus, and Galileo Compare and contrast the ideas of Ptolemy, Aristotle, Copernicus, and Galileo

related to the solar system. related to the solar system. 11.11. Create and interpret a timeline highlighting the advancements in solar system Create and interpret a timeline highlighting the advancements in solar system

exploration over the past half century. This should include information on the first exploration over the past half century. This should include information on the first modern rockets, artificial satellites, orbital missions, missions to the moon, Mars modern rockets, artificial satellites, orbital missions, missions to the moon, Mars robotic explorers, and exploration of the outer planets. robotic explorers, and exploration of the outer planets.

Rotation vs. RevolutionRotation vs. Revolution

The period of revolution is when an object The period of revolution is when an object travels around another. For a planet, travels around another. For a planet, one one revolution is one yearrevolution is one year..

The period of rotation is one spin on an axis. The period of rotation is one spin on an axis. For a planet For a planet one rotation is one day.one rotation is one day.

We revolve around the sun and rotate on our We revolve around the sun and rotate on our axisaxis

1. What is this image showing you?2. What direction does earth move?

Revolution around the sunRevolution around the sun

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0408/es0408page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

Seasons: Seasons: caused from the tilt of the earth on its caused from the tilt of the earth on its

axisaxis

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1704/es1704page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

Draw & Label in your notesMake sure the angle (tilt) is pretty close to the image

Summer: titled toward sun

Autumn

Winter: tiltedaway from sun

Spring

Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees on its axisAlways look @ the direction N is facing…

Toward sun = summerAway from sun = winter

The sun’s angle striking earth changes based on seasonThis is why your shadow is longer in summer

Same thing, different viewpoint

Gravity is a force that keeps the planets their set distance from the sun. Gravity acts everywhere in the universe.

Inertia is the force that keeps the planets moving.

PlanetsPlanetsMercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,

Saturn, Uranus, NeptuneSaturn, Uranus, Neptune

MMy y VVery ery EEducated Mother ducated Mother JJust ust SServed erved UUs s NachosNachosPluto is a dwarf planetPluto is a dwarf planet

Inner/ Terrestrial PlanetsInner/ Terrestrial Planets Mercury: closest Mercury: closest to sun, to sun, no moonno moon VenusVenus: 2: 2ndnd planet, planet, Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Effect makes makes

it the it the hottest planet hottest planet (on average), (on average), Earth’s Earth’s twin, no moontwin, no moon

EarthEarth: only inhabited planet, : only inhabited planet, has water, has water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen to carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen to support life, has 1 moonsupport life, has 1 moon

Mars: red Mars: red planet, from iron in soil, planet, from iron in soil, no moonno moon

Gaseous/Jovian PlanetsGaseous/Jovian PlanetsJupiter: Largest planet, great red spot, Jupiter: Largest planet, great red spot,

has moons & ringshas moons & ringsSaturn: Detailed ring system, has moonsSaturn: Detailed ring system, has moonsUranus: Laying on its side, has moons & Uranus: Laying on its side, has moons &

ringsringsNeptune: Great dark spot, blue, has Neptune: Great dark spot, blue, has

moons & ringsmoons & rings

PlutoPluto

https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9b25dPQ9ORY v=9b25dPQ9ORY

Watch & explain why Pluto is a dwarf planetWatch & explain why Pluto is a dwarf planet

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqzRKDlmEhI

1. Why is the temperature decreasing as you go further from the sun?

2. Why does the orbital velocity (rotation on axis) decrease?3. What would data for revolution time show?

SunSun Our Our Sun is a medium sized star Sun is a medium sized star that is in the that is in the

center of the solar systemcenter of the solar system.. It is the It is the closest star in our Galaxy (Milky Way)closest star in our Galaxy (Milky Way) The The seasonsseasons are are causedcaused by the relationship of by the relationship of

the the tilt of the Earth’s axis (23.5 degreestilt of the Earth’s axis (23.5 degrees) to its ) to its position around the Sun.position around the Sun.

The sun createsThe sun creates light & heat through FUSION, light & heat through FUSION, Hydrogen fuses into HeliumHydrogen fuses into Helium

Our sun is a low mass medium sized star, it will eventually turn into a red giant and end it’s “life” in the black dwarf stage

MoonMoon

The moon appears to go through phases The moon appears to go through phases because of a person’s perspective from because of a person’s perspective from the Earth as the moon revolvesthe Earth as the moon revolves. One . One side is always lit, but we can only see side is always lit, but we can only see part of it depending on its position.part of it depending on its position.

The phases of the moon are, new, The phases of the moon are, new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent.quarter, and waning crescent.

Moon Phase VideoMoon Phase Video

Moon PhasesMoon Phases

Draw & label exactly like diagram

Moon Phases… time lapseMoon Phases… time lapse

TidesTides

The The gravitational pull of the moon attracts the gravitational pull of the moon attracts the molecules of water and soil that compose the Earthmolecules of water and soil that compose the Earth..

There are There are two high tides and two low tides in two high tides and two low tides in eacheach 24- hour cycle24- hour cycle..

A A neap tide neap tide occurs when the occurs when the moon is perpendicularmoon is perpendicular from the sun. Thefrom the sun. The lowest of the tides lowest of the tides..

A A spring tide spring tide occurs when the occurs when the moon is in linemoon is in line withwith the sun. The the sun. The highest of the tideshighest of the tides..

Neap or Spring Tide??? How do you know?

Spring & Neap TidesSpring & Neap Tides

Tide VideoTide Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOUi-m8UyFk&feature=related

Solar EclipseSolar EclipseA solar eclipse occurs when the A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes moon passes

between the sun and the earthbetween the sun and the earth, casting a , casting a shadow on the earth.shadow on the earth.

Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse

A lunar eclipse occurs when the A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth passes earth passes between the sun and the moonbetween the sun and the moon, blocking the , blocking the sunlight from the moon.sunlight from the moon.

EclipsesEclipses

AstronomersAstronomers John Glen John Glen was the first American astronaut to circle the earth. was the first American astronaut to circle the earth.

Neil Armstrong Neil Armstrong was the first man on the moon.was the first man on the moon. The International Space Station The International Space Station is a joint effort to create living is a joint effort to create living

quarters in space.quarters in space. The ideas ofThe ideas of PtolemyPtolemy (Geocentric) (Geocentric), Aristotle, Aristotle (Geocentric) (Geocentric) CopernicusCopernicus (Heliocentric) (Heliocentric), and Galileo, and Galileo (Heliocentric) (Heliocentric)

contributed to the development of our understanding of the solar contributed to the development of our understanding of the solar system.system.

KeplerKepler: planets move in ellipses: planets move in ellipses NewtonNewton: Inertia & Gravity keep planes in motion: Inertia & Gravity keep planes in motion

1. Ptolemy: Geocentric Model, Earth at center of universe2. Aristotle: believed in a geocentric Universe and that the

planets and stars were perfect spheres though Earth itself was not

3. Copernicus: Heliocentric Model, sun at center of solar system & earth rotates on its axis

4. Galileo: also believed Heliocentric model, devised a telescope that could enlarge objects up to 20 times. He was able to use this telescope to prove the truth of the Copernican system of heliocentrism

5. Kepler: planets move in ellipses6. Newton: Inertia & Gravity keep planes in motion

AstronomersAstronomers

1. The shape of a planets revolution is an ___________2. The farther away from the sun, the less _________________

pull on the planet

Why is there a change in the force of gravity

throughout the year?

Space TechnologySpace Technology

How does space technology impact your How does space technology impact your life???life???

http://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2008/http://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2008/tech_benefits.htmltech_benefits.html

Space ProbesSpace Probes

Space ObjectsSpace ObjectsAsteroids: objects orbiting the sun Asteroids: objects orbiting the sun that are too that are too

small to be considered planetssmall to be considered planets, belt found , belt found between Mars and Jupiterbetween Mars and Jupiter

Comets: ball of ice and dust, orbits the sun, tail Comets: ball of ice and dust, orbits the sun, tail always faces away from the sunalways faces away from the sun

Meteors: streak of light in the sky as a meteoroid burns up in atmosphere of EarthMeteorites: Meteor that hits earth’s surfaceMeteoroids: Meteor that orbits the sun

The UniverseThe Universe

Facts you should be able to recall: Our Sun is a medium sized star that is the center of the solar system.Our Sun is a medium sized star that is the center of the solar system. The seasons are caused by the relationship of the tilt of the Earth’s axis to its position around the Sun.The seasons are caused by the relationship of the tilt of the Earth’s axis to its position around the Sun. The moon appears to go through phases because of a person’s perspective from the Earth as the moon The moon appears to go through phases because of a person’s perspective from the Earth as the moon

revolves. One side is always lit, but we can only see part of it depending on its position.revolves. One side is always lit, but we can only see part of it depending on its position. The phases of the moon are, new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last The phases of the moon are, new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last

quarter, and waning crescent.quarter, and waning crescent. The period of revolution is when an object travels around another. The period of revolution is when an object travels around another. For a planet, one revolution is one year.For a planet, one revolution is one year. The period of rotation is one spin on an axis. For a planet one rotation is one day.The period of rotation is one spin on an axis. For a planet one rotation is one day. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the earth and the sun, casting a shadow on the A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the earth and the sun, casting a shadow on the

earth.earth. A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth passes between the moon and the sun, blocking the sunlight from A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth passes between the moon and the sun, blocking the sunlight from

the moon.the moon. A neap tide occurs when the moon is perpendicular from the sun. A neap tide occurs when the moon is perpendicular from the sun. The lowest of the tides.The lowest of the tides. A spring tide occurs when the moon is in line with the sun. The highest of the tides.A spring tide occurs when the moon is in line with the sun. The highest of the tides. There are approximately two high tides and two low tides in each 24- hour cycle.There are approximately two high tides and two low tides in each 24- hour cycle. The gravitational pull of the moon attracts the molecules of water and soil that compose the Earth.The gravitational pull of the moon attracts the molecules of water and soil that compose the Earth. The first 4 planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, and the Earth. These are the inner rocky planets.The first 4 planets are Mercury, Venus, Mars, and the Earth. These are the inner rocky planets. The six remaining planets, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are the outer gaseous planets.The six remaining planets, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are the outer gaseous planets. John Glen was the first astronaut to circle the earth.John Glen was the first astronaut to circle the earth. Neil Armstrong was the first man on the moon. Buzz Aldrin was 2Neil Armstrong was the first man on the moon. Buzz Aldrin was 2ndnd to walk on moon to walk on moon The space station is a joint effort to create living quarters in space.The space station is a joint effort to create living quarters in space.