Astronomy and SpaceMs.

Woodard

DAY 1

•Objective–I can explain how the universe

formed and the laws governing it.

What is Astronomy?

• The science that studies the universe that deals with:

–______________________________________

–_________________________________________________________

How the Universe Started?1. __________________– Everything was confined

to a dense, hot, super-massive ball

– About 13.7 billion years ago, a violent explosion occurred

– __________ went in all directions

– Marks the ___________________

2. Galaxy Forms– Galaxy: groups of

stars, dust and gases held together by gravity

– Our galaxy is _________________

3. Formation of Solar System– _______________• Formed from a

rotating cloud of _____________

• First the Sun formed• Next the planets

formed

Types of Galaxies

A. __________– Disk shaped with

concentration of stars in the centers

– Arms extended from center

– Ex: Milky Way Galaxy

B. ___________– Round to oval in

shape– 60% of galaxies

C. ____________– No definite shape– Mainly young stars

The Expanding Universe Theory

• Galaxies are ______________________________

• The Universe is _______________

LAWS OF ASTRONOMY

Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion

• 1st Law– _________________

____________________________________________

• 2nd Law – The line

joining the planet to the sun sweep out ______________________as the planet travels around the _________

• 3rd Law– The length of

time it takes a planet to ____________________________________________

Law of Universal Gravitation

• Developed by________________________________

• Describes ________• Based on the ______

of objects and _________ between them

DAY 2

• Objective–I can explain the motions of the Earth

and how it affects the Earth

Motions of

Earth

ROTATION• Turning or spinning of a

body on its axis• Causes day and night• Two ways Measured– ____________– ____________

• _______________– Time interval from one

noon to the next (24 hours)

• ________________– Time it takes for Earth to

make one complete rotation with respect to a distance star

– 23 hours, 56 mins, 4 sec

Revolution• Motion of a body along a

path around some point in space

• Earth’s orbit is __________• Takes __________• Earth distance from the sun

varies– _____________– _____________

• ____________– Closet to the sun– Occurs on January 3rd

• ___________– Farthest from the sun– Occurs on July 4th

Precession• ____________of the direction

of which the Earth’s axis point

• __________ does not change• Happens over ________ years

(complete cycle)• Points to two stars– _______________– _______________

Nutation

• _____________ movement of the axis of a rotating body or a wobble

• Occurs about every _______ years

Barycenter

• The center of mass where __________ celestial bodies orbit each other

• The point _______ each other

Earth’s Axis

• Tilted _____ degrees• Causes _______ on

Earth– Tilt towards the sun

indicates _______ season

– Tilt away from the sun indicates ______ seasons

Earth’s Shape: The Moon’s Affect

• ____________– Changes in elevation

of the ocean surface– Caused by

Gravitational Pull of the Sun and Moon

Types of Tides• ______________– During a full and new

moon– Gravitational pull of

moon and sun added– Extreme high and low

tides

• ______________– During the 1st and 3rd

quarter of the moon– Gravitational pull of

moon and sun are offset– Tide Range is very small

DAY 3• Objective– I can explain how the sun works and how it

affects itself and Earth. – I can explain how the Sun’s energy affects

Earth– I can explain the Earth’s protects itself

The Sun Layers(Structure inside out)

1. _____________– Where energy is

produced

2. ______________– Surface of the sun

3. _______________– Thin layer of hot gas

4. _______________1. Outer most layer that

is very weak

Sun’s Motion

• It is not __________• Pulled by the planets

____________– Very slight back and

forth motion

• Orbits the solar systems __________

Producing Energy• Fusion– Atoms

_____________– Used to produce

__________–What the ______ does

• Fission– Atoms __________– Used to produce

energy–What ____________

What does the Sun Emits?

• _______________________– Different waves of light based on

____________ and ____________– Arranged on the _______________

Electromagnetic Spectrum

• ___________—lowest energy• ___________• ___________(ROY G BIV)• ___________• ___________• ___________—highest energy

Solar Radiation in Atmosphere

1. ___________ by objects (like clouds)– 20 %

2. ___________ back to Space– 30%

3. ___________ the surface– 50%

When it Reaches the Surface

• Absorbed by __________ or ______–Land will heat

faster than water–Land will cool

down faster than water

• Vegetation uses it

How Vegetation Uses Solar Energy

• They perform _______________

• Transformed into ________________

• Plants use sunlight to produce _________

• Formula:

• 6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6CO2

Earth’s Protection

• ___________________–Created by Earth’s core–Surrounds the Earth–Stops solar winds from

the sun

When Magnetic Field & Solar Winds Met?

• The solar winds go around the Earth

• At weak spots near the poles, _______ form

Without the Magnetic Field• Solar winds would

take away the ______________

• Ozone protects Earth from harmful ___________

• Atmosphere would __________

• Earth would not be ___________