AstronomyAvaree Lipscomb 10\20\10

http://www.astronomy2009-algeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Astronomy.jpg

TABLE OF CONTENTSSlide 3 .Oscillating theory/objective 1a

Slide 4 . Big Bang and steady state/objective 1b

Slide 5 . Distances in space/objective 2

Slide 6 . What are used to investigate the universe?/objective 3

Slide 7 . Electromagnetic spectrum/objective 4

Slide 8 . Doppler Effect/objective 5

Slide 9 . Galaxies/objective 6

Slide 10 . Milky Way/objective 7

Slide 11 . H.R. Diagram/objective 8

Slide 12 .Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation/objective 9

Slide 13 .Constellations/objective 10

OSCILLATING A big bang will occur and then it will expand to a certain

spot and then it will come back together again . The expansion rate moves at a very fast pace . Formed 13.7 billion years ago

http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2009/06/makin/big-bang.jpg

1

THE BIG BANG STEADY STATE Believers of the big

bang theory believe that there was only one huge explosive which scatter all the parts of the universe all over the place and from the effect it is still spreading apart.

Still believes the universe was formed 13.7 billion years

This theory was developed in 1948

Believes that the universe formed 13.7 years ago

Steady state says that there is new matter being formed while the universe expands.

1b

DISTANCES IN SPACE Parallax is a apparent displacement from I different

position. A light year is what is used to measure distances in

space , a light year is how much distance light travels in a year.

A Cepheid is a member of a class of variable stars. Parsec is a unit of length equaled to just under 31 trillion

kilometers or 206205 AU or 3.26 light years.

http://sci.esa.int/science-e-media/img/20/parallax2.gif

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WHAT WERE USED TO INVESTIGATE THE UNIVERSE ? The Hubble telescope is a space telescope that was sent

to orbit in space in 1990. The battery time prediction has past but it is still taking photos.

The spectroscope is used by astronomers to look at star and see if hydrogen is in a star. It is a instrument used to measure the properties in light.

The Apollo spacecraft was designed to take people safely to the moon and back. It was also the first spacecraft to do this. The voyager spacecraft was launched in 1977 to go to space and successfully complete missions.

http://www.dailyhotnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/hubble-telescope-752865.jpg

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ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM The electromagnetic spectrum consists of the

complete range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves.

The colors of a star can tell us what it is made out of and also the colors of the stars can tell us how hot the star is or how much hydrogen gas it is burning off.

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http://www.kollewin.com/EX/09-15-03/spectrum.gif

DOPPLER EFFECT The Doppler Effect is the change in the frequency of a

wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the wave.

The Doppler shift shows that the galaxies are moving away from each other , and this supports the Big Bang theory.

How the stars and galaxies appear shows red shift and blue shift.

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http://mail.colonial.net/~hkaiter/astronomyimagesB/Doppler_effect_diagrammatic.png

TYPES OF GALAXIES A galaxy is a group of billion of stars kept together by

gravity. Elliptical- have an elliptical appearance from no matter

what angle you look at it. Spiral- these galaxies are rotating disks of stars. Irregular- can differ have really no special shape just a lot

of stars bunched together.

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http://www.astro.ljmu.ac.uk/courses/phys134/pic/cosmo/3gals.jpg

THE MILKY WAY The Milky Way is the galaxy we live in. On earth stars in the Milky Way appear closer than

they are. The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, the Milky

Way is about 13.2 billion years old, it is believed to be carrying about 200 billion stars.

http://www.myviewsandreviews.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Under-The-Milky-Way-Tonight.jpg

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H.R. DIAGRAM The H.R Diagram is a scatter The H.R Diagram shows that the

stars placed more to the left are hotter. In the Star Spectral classes it shows that the blue stars are the hottest and that’s why on the H.R. Diagram is on the left. The red stars are the coolest and they are placed on the right of the H.R. Diagram and they are also many stars in between.

http://www.slackerastronomy.org/slackerpedia/images/HR_diagram.png

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NEWTON’S LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation explains how

the earth and the rest of the solar system stays in orbit.

Newton’s Law of Gravitation states that every massive particle in the universe attracts every other massive particle with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/upload/2009/07/meet_our_second_moon/400px-NewtonsLawOfUniversalGravitation.svg.png

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CONSTELLATION In modern astronomy, a constellation is an internationally

defined area of the celestial sphere. Constellation’s are patterns made by connecting a line

from star to star in the sky. Some constellation’s never rise or set and those are called

circumpolar constellation’s. All the rest of the constellations are seasonal

constellation’s you can see them better in certain seasons because of the rotation of the earth.

http://startswithabang.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/bigdipper.gif

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http://my.execpc.com/60/B3/culp/astronomy/fig/LittleDipper.gif

ABSOLUTE AND APPARENT MAGNITUDE

Luminosity is a measurement of brightness. The absolute magnitude measures a celestial object

intrinsic brightness. The absolute magnitude is the actual brightness of a star

but the apparent magnitude is how bright the star appears on earth.

http://universeadventure.org/fundamentals/images/light-relationtriangle.jpg http://astro.unl.edu/classaction/outlines/stellarprops/slide4.jpg

BIBLIOGRAPHY Objective 1 : http://www.allaboutcreation.org/oscillating-universe-theory-faq.htm

Objective 1 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

Objective 1: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_State_theory

Objective 2 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallax

Objective 2 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec

Objective 2 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepheid_variable

Objective 3 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope

Objective 3 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscope

Objective 3 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_spacecraft

Objective 3: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_spacecraft

Objective 4: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum

Objective 5: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler_effect

Objective 6: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy

Objective 7: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy

Objective 7: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way#Size

Objective 8: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/starlog/staspe.html

Objective 9: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation

Objective 10: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation

Objective 11: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Apparent_magnitude