Astro-Science Forum -Volume 12

1 Hof ] ltlj {1fg d~rHof ] ltlj {1fg d~rHof ] ltlj {1fg d~rHof ] ltlj {1fg d~rHof ] ltlj {1fg d~r www.jyotishmagazine.com

jif{–jif{–jif{–jif{–jif{–$$$$$ c+s– c+s– c+s– c+s– c+s–#####, @)^, @)^, @)^, @)^, @)^^ h]7^ h]7^ h]7^ h]7^ h]7 sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= ^%÷@)^!÷^@sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= ^%÷@)^!÷^@sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= ^%÷@)^!÷^@sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= ^%÷@)^!÷^@sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= ^%÷@)^!÷^@

;Dkfbs÷k|sfzs M 8f= P;= ;'gLn -cfrfo{ s}jNofgGb_ 8f= P;= ;'gLn -cfrfo{ s}jNofgGb_ 8f= P;= ;'gLn -cfrfo{ s}jNofgGb_ 8f= P;= ;'gLn -cfrfo{ s}jNofgGb_ 8f= P;= ;'gLn -cfrfo{ s}jNofgGb_ df]afOn M (*%!)—&@!**,

sfg'gL ;Nnfxsf/ M clwjQmf– 7fs'//dg cfrfo{, clwjQmf– 7fs'//dg cfrfo{, clwjQmf– 7fs'//dg cfrfo{, clwjQmf– 7fs'//dg cfrfo{, clwjQmf– 7fs'//dg cfrfo{, df]afOn M (*$!@$^)*!,kqrf/ 7]ufgf M Hof]ltlj{1fg d~r, kf]= a= g+= @^#@(, d}ltb]jL, sf7df8f}F

E-mail : [email protected], www.astrologernepal.com, www.jyotishmagazine.comd'b|s M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|];, l8NnLahf/, sf7df8f}F, kmf]gM $$$%%@)

j}lbs k|fy{gfj}lbs k|fy{gfj}lbs k|fy{gfj}lbs k|fy{gfj}lbs k|fy{gfç c;tf]df ;b\udo .çtd;f]df Hof]ltu{do .çd[Tof]df{ cd[t+ udo .;j]{iff+ :jl:t/ ejt';j]{iff+ zflGte{jt';j]{iff+ dËn ejt';j]{iff+ k"0f{ ejt'nf]sf M ;d:tfM ;'lvgf] ejGt' .;j]{ ejGt' ;'lvg ;j]{ ;Gt' lg/fdoM .;a} eb|fl0f kZoGt'df slZrb\ b'Mv efUej]t\ç q\oDas+ ohfdx] ;'ulGw+ k'li6jw{gd\ .pjf{?sldj aGwgfGd[Tof]d'{IfLodfd[tft\ ..

c;Toaf6 ;Totk{m hfpFcWof/f]af6 pHofnf] tk{m hfpFd[To'af6 cd/tf tk{m hfpF;a}df :jfl:t xf];\;a}sf] dËn xf];\;a}df zflGt xf];\;a}df k"0f{tf xf];\;+;f/df ;a} ;'vL xf]pg\;a}df ;'v k}mlnof];\;a} g} x'g\ lg/fdo;a}n] eb|tf b]v'g b'Mvdf gkl/sg;'ulGw k'li6sf lglDt u/f} ehg qoDjslj£g afwf x6fP/ d[To'nfO{ ;bf x/

j}lbs lgTosd{ ljwfgj}lbs lgTosd{ ljwfgj}lbs lgTosd{ ljwfgj}lbs lgTosd{ ljwfgj}lbs lgTosd{ ljwfg!_ k|ftM cfFvf v'Ng] lalQs} cfˆgf] b'j} xTs]nfsf]

bz{g u/L dgdg} lgDg dGq pRrf/0f ug]{–s/fu|] j;t] nIdL s/dWo] ;/:jtLs/d"n] l:ytf] lji0f' k|eftf] s/bz{gd\ .xftsf] cu|df nIdL xTs]nfdf ;/:jtLxftsf] d"ndf lji0f' k|eft s/ bz{g ..

@_ cf]5\ofgaf6 e'OFdf v'§f /fVbf lgDg dGq dgdg}pRrf/0f ug]{—;d'b| j;t] b]lj kj{t :tgd08n]lji0f' kTgL gd:t'Eo+ kfb:kz{d\ Ifd:j d] .;d'b| afl;gL nIdL kj{t :tgd08nlji0f' kTgL gd:sf/ kfp 6]S5' Ifdfu/ ..

#_ g'xfpFbf of d'v w'Fbf lgDg dGq pRrf/0f u/L;Dk"0f{ tLy{nfO{ cfXjfg ug]{–uËf] r od'g] r}j uf]bfj/L ;/:jtLgd{b] l;Gw' sfj]l/ hn] l:dG;lGw+ s'? .uËf, od'gf ;fy} uf]bfj/L ;/:jtLgd{bf l;Gw'sfj]/L ;De]m/ :gfg ub{5' ..

$_ ef]hg ubf{ lgDg dGq pRrf/0f ug]{–cGg+ u|xf /;f] lji0f' ef}Qmf b]jf] dx]Zj/MPj+ WjfTjf t' of] eQm] ;f] Ggbf]if]{g{ lnKto] .cGg a|Xdf, /;} lji0f', ef]Qmf b]j dx]Zj/o:tf] ;De]m/ vfPdf s;/L bf]if x'G5 / ..

%_ ;fFemdf bLk afNbf lgDg dGqn] Hof]ltnfO{gd:sf/ ug]{–bLk+ Hof]ltM k/+ a|Xdf bLkHof]lth{gfb{gMbLkf]x/ t'd] kfk+ ;GWofbLk gdf] :t'tf] .bLk Hof]lt k/ a|Xd bLk Hof]lt hgfb{gkfk xfd|f] x6fP/ xfd|f] /Iff ;bf u/ ..

2Hof ] ltlj {1fg d~rHof ] ltlj {1fg d~rHof ] ltlj {1fg d~rHof ] ltlj {1fg d~rHof ] ltlj {1fg d~rwww.jyotishmagazine.com

k|v/ dl:tissf] pkhk|v/ dl:tissf] pkhk|v/ dl:tissf] pkhk|v/ dl:tissf] pkhk|v/ dl:tissf] pkhHof]ltlj{1fgsf] k|of]u Pj+ k|rf/–k|;f/ cfhsfn a9L g} x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . k|foM ;a}

kqklqsf, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg Pj+ OG6/g]6df ;d]t b}lgs eljiojf0fL ;'Gg] / x]g]{sf]; +Vof lbgfg ' lbg a9\b }uO/x]sf] 5 . of] Pp6f ;'vb\;'?jft xf] eGg] dfGg'kb{5 .h;/L xfdL cy{zf:q,/fhgLltzf:q Pj+ /;fogzf:qk9 \b5f } F , ljBfno,ljZjljBfnodf k9fOG5 .To;/L g} Hof]ltlj{1fg klgk9\g'kb{5, k9fOg'kb{5 eGg]u/]sf ] rflxF k|foM sd};'lgG5 . t/, Hof]ltlj{1fgklg k9\g'kg]{ k9fOg'kg]{ ljifo

xf] eGg] k|foM ;a}nfO{ yfxf gxf]nf . lsgls o;nfO{ cem;Dd klg cGwljZjf;L Pj+?9LjfbLzf:q xf] eGg]x? k|foM oqtq ;j{q g} b]lvG5g\ . t/, Hof]ltlj{1fg s'g}cGwljZjf;L Pj+ ?9LjfbL ;dfh / dfGotfsf] pkh xf]Og . of] t Ps lrGtgzLn,ljj]szLn Pj+ k|v/ dl:tissf] pkh xf] eGg] tYonfO{ s;}n] klg la;{g' x'Fb}g . h'g;dodf sDKo'6/ / b'la{gsf] ljsf; g} ePsf] lyPg, To; ;dodf klg ;"o{, rGb| cflbu|xx?sf] / ltgsf] ultnfO{ h'g ljlwn] dfkg ul/of], Tof] g} Hof]ltif xf] / o;n] tkfO{+sf]xfdf] hLjgdf 36\g] 36gfx?sf] ;To j0f{g ub{5 . ca o:tf] zf:qnfO{ cGwljZjf;LPj+ ?9LjfbL eGg]x?nfO{ xfdL s]xL klg eGb}gf}F t/ Pp6f s'/f ;a}n] s]rflxF la;{g'x'Fb}g eg] lg j}1flgsx?sf] 1fgn] klg kf/ gkfpg] cg]s tGt'åf/f lgld{t dfgj z/L/;~rfng ug]{ Ifdtf tkfO{+, xfdLdf 5}g / of] z/L/ u|xx?sf] ls/0faf6 g} ;~rflnt5 . ToxL ls/0fsf] k|efjnfO{ xfdL k|:t't ug]{ ub{5f}F .

;DkfbsLo ;DkfbsLo ;DkfbsLo ;DkfbsLo ;DkfbsLo


dfwj g]kfnsf] eljiodfwj g]kfnsf] eljiodfwj g]kfnsf] eljiodfwj g]kfnsf] eljiodfwj g]kfnsf] eljiogofF g]kfndf g]kfn g} k|wfgdGqL ePsf 5g\ .

xf], dfwjs'df/ g]kfnn] u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf bf];|f]k|wfgdGqLsf] ¿kdf lj= ;+= @)^^ ;fn h]7 !! ut];f]daf/ laxfg !! ah]/ % ldg]6df ;kyu|x0f ug'{ePsf]5 . pQm ;dodf sf7df8f}Fsf] k"jL{o lIflthdf ss{6nUgsf] dLg gjdf+z pbfO/x]sf] lyof] . ss{6 nUgcfkm}Fdf r/ nUg xf] cyf{t\ o;nUgdf ul/Psf s'g} klg sfdx¿lr/:yfoL gx'g] d'x"t{ Hof]ltifdfJofVof ul/Psf] kfOG5 . o;sf]cfwf/df Hof]ltlj{1fgcg';f/g]kfnsf] dlGqd08n cfˆgf] sfnk"/f ug{ gkfpFb} aLrdf g} lj36gx'g hfg] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L, lz/dfs]t' a:g' klg Hof]ltlj{1fg lz/5]b\g x'g] hgfpFb5 cyf{t\ g]kfnsf]dlGqd08n aLrdf g} l5GgleGggxf]nf eGg ;lsFb}g . t/, To;;dodf d+un / z'qm Psbd} z'el:yltdf 5g\ . o;n] s]xL j}b]lzs;xfotfdf j[l4 ug]{5 / dlGqd08nljb]zLsf] Ozf/fdf a9L rNg]5 . b'Mvsf] s'/f ;Ktd:yfgdf /x]sf] /fx'sf] sf/0f ;Qf ;fem]bf/ bnx¿n]aLrdf g} xft lemsL lbg] / g]kfnsf] dlGqd08nn];xof]uL bnx¿af6 g} if8\oGqsf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .bf];|f] :yfgdf /x]sf zlg @)^^ ;fnsf] c;f]h & ut];Dda9L g} si6sf/s /xg] b]lvG5 . o;n] dlGqd08nsf]

ljsf; / lj:tf/df ;d]t slrËn v8f ug]{5 . u|xbzfsf]cWoog ubf{ @))( sf] l8;]Da/;Dd cGt/df /xg]elb|sfn] ;/sf/nfO{ w/fkdf kfg]{ b]lvG5 .

ljz]if u/]/ @))( sf] h'g !# b]lv cu:6 #) /@))( sf] cS6f]a/ @& b]lv l8;]Da/ % ;Ddsf] ;dog]kfnsf] dlGqd08nsf] nflu ljz]if 3fts /xg] 5 .

k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'df/ g]kfnsf]JolQmut hGds'08nLsf] cWoogubf{ klg pxfFsf u|xx¿ vf;}cg's"n b]lvFb}gg\ . pxfFnfO{ jt{dfg;dodf lj+zf]Q/L bzfcg';f/@)^% ;fnsf] ebf}b]lv @)^*;fnsf] ebf};Dd z'qmleq /fx'sf]cGt/ /lx/xg] 5 . hGds'08nLdf/fx" k~rd :yfg -;§f, lr¶f,nf]6/L_ df a:g' g} k|wfgdGqL aGg]lr¶f k/]sf] b]lvG5 . t/, lr¶f kg'{s 'g } ul0ftaf6 cfpg] /Rastionally Proof x'g] ljifoxf]Og . To;sf/0f Hof]ltlj{1fgn]u/]sf] eljiojf0fL pxfFdfly nfu"

gePsf] kfOof] . Indian Astrological Systemcg';f/ /fx', u|x ;§f, k§f lr¶f nf]6/Lsf] k|d'v ;+s]tsxf] . of]lugL bzf k4ltcg';f/ jt{dfg ;dodf pxfFdfly@)^% ;fnsf] r}tb]lv ^^ ;fnsf] df3;Dd l;4fleqe|fd/L /x]sf] 5 . l;4fleq} e|fd/L /xg'nfO{ Hof]ltlj{1fgsfu|Gyx¿df .

e|fd/L olb ;+k|fKtf l;4fof] o:o hGdlg:j:yfgb\Jo;g}:TofufGgg' /fhs'nfb\jod\ .

– lqsfn hGds'08nL, bk{0fcyf{t\ s'lT;t sd{ cksLlt{ x'g]5, vf;nlHht eP/ ;x;f k/b]z af;/fhs'naf6 eo, bfp cjZo /fd|/Ll;4f bzf ljr/x] olb b'i6 e|fd/L

nUgbk{0fo;/L cksLlt{ x'g] nlHht x'g'kg]{ eGg]

zAbx¿ k|of]u ePsf] x'gfn] of] ;do lgs} g}si6sf/s /xg]5 .

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;ky s'08nL;ky s'08nL;ky s'08nL;ky s'08nL;ky s'08nL!@.@.@)^^, laxfg !!M%

hGd s'08nLhGd s'08nLhGd s'08nLhGd s'08nLhGd s'08nL@#.!!.@))(. #$. #!. Oi6


/Tgsf] pTklQ/Tgsf] pTklQsf] af/]df Ps k|flrg hg plQm cg';f/

Pslbg c;'/ ;d|f6 aln OGb|nfO{ lhTgsf] nflu :ju{dfk'Uof] . t/ OGb|n] 5n u/L a|fDx0fsf] e]if wf/0f u/]/anLnfO{ …o1 kz' aGg] k|fy{gf u/] / /fhf anLn] klg:jLsf/ u/], lsgsL anLnfO{ yfxf lyof] sL pgsf] z/L/ce]B 5 . OGb|n] pgsf] dl:tisdf 7"nf] ah|n] hf]8;Fuk|xf/ u/] . ljz'4 hftL Pj+ sd{n] ubf{ pgsf] ;f/f c+u/Tgdf kl/0ft eof] . /fhf alnsf] x8\8Laf6 xL/f, bfFtaf6df]tL, /utaf6 dfl0fs, lkQaf6 kGgf, cfFvfaf6 gLnd,;bf]if g]qaf6 nx;'gLof k/]nfaf6 :kml6s, df;'af6 d'uf,5fnfaf6 k'ik/fh, tyf jLo{af6 eZd k}bf eof] . o;/LanL /fhfsf] z/L/af6 /Tg lg:s]kl5 ;"o{n] dfl0fs, rGb|dfn]df]tL, d+unn] d'uf, a'wn] kGgf, u'?n] k'ik/fh, z'qmn] xL/f,zlgn] lgnd, /fx'n] uf]d]b, s]t'n] nx;'gLof u|x0f u/] .cfrfo{ j/fxldlx/n] o; k|;+usf] lj:t[t JofVof cf gf]u|Gy …j[xt;+lxtfÚ df ug'{ ePsf] 5 . pQm u|Gysf]/TgfWofodf j/fxldlx/n] ljleGg /Tgsf] pTklQ o;k|sf/ lbg' ePsf] 5 .

!= lx/f – /fhf anLsf] skfnv08af6 @=df]tL–jnLsf]dgItTjn] pTkGg #=dfl0fs–jnLsf] /utaf6 $=kGgf–jnLsf] lkQaf6 %=d'uf– jnLsf] ;d'b|df v;]sf] /utaf6^=k'ik/fh–anLsf] df;'af6 &= gLnd–jnLsf] g]qsf]k'tnLaf6 *=rGb|sfGtdl0f–anLsf] cfFvfaf6 (=uf]d]b–anLsf] k]6af6 !)=lkm/f]hf–/fhf anLsf] gzf b]vL!!=nx;'gLof– jnLsf] o1f]kljtaf6 pTkGg eof] hapgL b]jtfx¿åf/f l5Gg leGg x'g k'u] . !@=kf/fif–/fhfjlnsf] jIf k"m6]/ pxfFsf] x[bo e"dLdf v;]kl5 .

kf}/fl0fs dt cg';f/ @! k|sf/sf /Tgsf] pTklQsf]d"n cfwf/ /fhf alnsf] z/L/ xf] . pgsf] c+u k|ToËaf6/Tgsf] pTklQ ePsf] JofVof kfOG5 . of] syf clj:j;gLonfUg klg ;S5 t/ of] w|'j ;To xf] sL /Tgdf s]xL g s]xLcnf}lsstf cjZo g} 5 .

s]xL s]xL ljåfg dxlif{ blwlrsf] cl:yaf6 /Tgsf]pTklQ ePsf] dfGb5g\ . b]jtfnfO{ z+s6 cfpFbf blwlrn]cf gf] z/L/sf x8\8LnfO{ TofuL lbPsf lyP .

cGo s]xL rfFlx k[YjLsf] :jefjut ljlzi6tfsf] sf/0fn]/Tgsf] pTklQ ePsf] :jLsf/ ub{5g\ .

;+;f/df /Tgx¿ ljleGg k|sf/sf ePtf kgLHof]ltlj{1fgn] d"VotM ( k|sf/sf] /TgnfO{ k|of]udf NofPsf]kfOG5 . lt x'g\ ! dfl0fs @=df]tL #=d'uf $=kGgf =lx/f &gLnd *=uf]d]b (=nx;'lgof .

;"o{sf] nflu dfl0fs, rGb|dfsf] nflu df]tL , d+unsf]nflu d'uf, a'wsf] nfuL kGgf, z'qmsf] nflu lx/f, zlgsf]nflu lgnd, /fx'sf] nflu uf]d]b, s]t'sf] nflu nx;'lgofnfO{Hof]ltlj{1fgdf k|of]u ul/G5 . Hof]ltlj{1fgdf u|x cg';f/sf]/Tg wf/0f ug]{ k|rng cfhsfn al9 ljsl;t x'Fb} cfPsf]klg 5 . u|xsf] /Tgsf] k|of]u s'g cf}nfdf ug]{ eGg] af/]dfklg Hof]ltlj{1fgdf ljz]if k|of]u atfOPsf] 5 . xfd|f] xftdf% cf}+nf x'G5g\ . tL kfFr cf}nfn] kfFr tTjsf] k|ltlglwTjug]{ x'G5g\ / u|xkgL tTjsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ub{5g\ .

cf}nfsf] tTjsf] af/]df M–slgli7sf+ ;df/De rfË'i7fGt+ dx]Zj/Lj|mdft tTjflg hfoGt] lIfToKt]hf]d:t/t .cyf{tM xftsf] sfG5L cf}nf k[YjL, ;fFlxnL cf}nf hn

tTj, dfl cf}nf t]h tTj, rf]/ cf}nf jfo'tTj / a'9Lcf}nf cfsfz tTj .

Hof]ltlj{1fgcg';f/ ;"o{ / d+un t]h – -clUg_ tTjsfk|ltlglw, rGb|df z'qm hn tTj, a'w k[YjL tTj, zgL jfo'tTj, j[x:ktL cfsfz tTjsf k|ltlglw ug]{ x'G5g\ .

To; sf/0f Hof]ltlj1fg cg';f/ u|x/Tgsf] k|of]u ubf{dfl0fs / d'uf dfl cf}nfdf, kGgf ;flxnL cf}nfdf , lx/f/ df]tL sfG5L cf}nfdf, lgnd / k'ik/fh rf]/ cf}nfdfnufpg] ul/G5 . lgnd / k'ik/fh qmdz jfo' / cfsfztTjsf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ x'G5g\ . oxfF cfsf; / jfo'df e]bb]lvb}g .

/fx' / s]t'sf /Tg uf]d]b / nx;'lgofsf] nflu s'g}ljz]if tTj / cf}nf k|of]udf NofO{Psf] kfOb}g . lsgsLHof]ltlj{1fgdf /fx' s]t'sf] s'g} /fzL 5}g . t/ ltgLx¿j'mg} g j'mg} /flzdf t cjZo g} x'G5g\ . To;}n] /fx' s]t'n]cfˆgf] :jtGq kmn glbP/ h'g u|xsf] ;Dks{df 5g\To;sf] kmn lbg] x'G5g\ / Hof]ltlj{1fg /fx' s]t'n] h;sf]k|ltlglwTj ub{5 ToxL tTj cg';f/sf] cf}nfdf /Tg k|of]uug{ ;Nnfx lbb} cfPsf] 5 .

8f=P;= ;'gLn-Hof]ltiffrfo{ Pjd\ j}slNks lrlsT;s_

Hof]ltlj{1fgdf /Tgsf] k|of]uHof]ltlj{1fgdf /Tgsf] k|of]uHof]ltlj{1fgdf /Tgsf] k|of]uHof]ltlj{1fgdf /Tgsf] k|of]uHof]ltlj{1fgdf /Tgsf] k|of]u


k|df]bjw{g sf}l08GGofogzf:q dfgj sf] p;s] :jfefljs cfxf/lgb|flb

kz';fwf/0f k|j[lQ ;] p4f/ s/s] k/dsNof0fsf/L dxfg\p2]Zo s] k|lt cled'v agfs/ Jofks kl/k|]Io d]+ plrtcf}/ cfjZos k|j[lQ d]+ cf¿9 xf]g] sf dfu{ lbvftf x} .zf:qf]+ d]+ d"n zf:q j]bzf:q x} . j]bzf:q g] dfgj d]+ pQmk|j[lQ s] ljsf; s/g] sL k4lt lbvfO{ x} . Ptby{ ;+:sf/f]+sL, o1f]+ sL cf}/ o1f]+ s] cg'sNk j|tf]+ sL eL Joj:yf x} .

wd{dLdf+;fl;4fGtfg';f/ j]bzf:q ckf}?if]o -k'?ifbf]if/lxt_zf:q x} . j]b d]+ k'?if d]+ kfP hfg] jfn] c1fg, sfd, qmf]w,nf]e, df]x, db, dfT;o{ OToflb bf]iff]+ sf s'5 eL k|efj gxL+x}, P];L ;'bL3{sfn ;] :yflkt dfGotf x} . wd{dLdf+;fzf:qd]+ h}ldlg, za/:jfdL, s'dfl/ne6\6, k|efs/ld> OToflbcfrfof]{+ ;] pSt ljifo d]+ lj:t[t ljj]rgf sL uO{ x} .

ljBfcf]+ s] d"n j]bf]+ d]+ ljBfcf]+ s] aLh cGtlg{lxt x}+ . j]bsL cToGt lgs6 ljBfPF 5x x}+ . pg sf] j]bfª\u sxt] x}+ .j] x}+ lzIff, sNk, Jofs/0f, lg?St, 5GbZzf:q cf}/ Hof]ltif .Og j]bfª\u ljBfcf]+ sf d'lgof]+ g] j]bf]+ ;] xL p4f/ lsof x} .pg d]+ lzIff d]+ j]b s] j0ff]{+ sf, pbfQ–cg'bfQflb :j/f]+ sf,x|:j–bL3f{lb dfqfcf]+ sf, j0ff]{+ s] pRrf/0f s] :yfgf]+ sf cf}/s/0ff]+ sf, pRrf/0f–dfw'of{lb–u'0f¿k ;fd sf cf}/ kbfGt:ycf}/ kbflb:y j0ff]{+ s] ljljw k|sf/ s] ;lGwof]+ sf k|ltkfbgxf]tf x} . sNk d]+ >f}to1f]+ sf cf}/ ljjfxflb u[x\osdf]{+ sfljlwljwfg k|ltkflbt xf]tf x} . Jofs/0f d]+ kbf]+ s] k|s[lt–k|Toof]+ sf cf}/ jfSo d]+ st[{–sdf{lb s] cGjfVofg ;] zAb–zAbfy{ jfSo–jfSofy{ sf ;DaGw k|blz{t lsof hftf x} .lg?St d]+ b'¿x kbf]+ s] cf}/ j]b d]+ k|fKt b]jtfjfrs kbf]+ s]cyf]{+ sf lg¿k0f lsof hftf x} cf}/ 5Gb d]+ cyjf 5GbZzf:qd]+ j]b d]+ k|fKt ufoqL, pli0fs\, cg'i6'k| OToflb 5Gbf]+ sflg¿k0f /xtf x} . Hof]ltif d]+ >f}t cf}/ u[x\o sdf]{+ d]+ ck]lIftsfn sf lg¿k0f xf]tf x} . Hof]ltof]+ s] cyf{t\ Hof]tL¿k ;"o{–rGb|–gIfqf]+ sL ult–l:yltof]+ s] cfwf/ d]+ sfn sf lg¿k0fs/g] jfnf zf:q xf]g] ;] O; sf] Hof]ltif sxf uof x} .

j]bfª\uf]+ d]+ Hof]ltif sfnlg¿k0f s] lnP cfjZos zf:qx} . d"n Hof]ltifzf:q s] Cu\j]lbof]+ sL cf}/ oh'j]{lbof]+ sLk/Dk/fcf]+ ;] cfP x'P cfr{Hof]ltif cf}/ ofh'ifHof]ltif gfd;] k|l;4 j]bfª\uHof]ltifu|Gy k|fKt x}+ . pSt u|Gyf]+ sL /rgfcf;Gg #$ ;f} jif{k"j{ x'O{ yL P];f dfgf hftf x} -b|=– ef/tLoHof]ltif, zª\s/ afns[i0f bLlIft, !(&% q}m=, k[= !@@_ .ctPj o] u|Gy ljqmdfAb s] 57] zts s] kZrft\ sfn s]

cfo{e6Lo, k~rl;4flGtsf, a[xt\;+lxtf, a|fx\d:k'm6l;4fGt,v08vfBs, ef:jtL, ;"o{l;4fGt, l;4fGtlz/f]dl0f, u|xnf3j,d'x"t{dft{08, d'x"t{lrGtfdl0f OToflb Hof]ltifu|Gyf]+ ;] cltk|frLgx}+ cf}/ j}lbs k/Dk/f d]+ >f}t–:dft{ sdf]{+ d]+ ck]lIft sfn1fgs] ljifo d]+ k/dk|fdfl0fs x}+ . j}lbs nf]u cfr{Hof]ltif–ofh'ifHof]ltifu|Gyf]+ sf] xL d"n j]bfª\uHof]ltif u|Gy dfgt] x}+ .

nuwd'lg s] åf/f j]bcg';f/ j]bfª\uHof]ltif d]+ atfP uPj}lbs ;+jT;/, cog, Ct', df;, clwsdf; OToflb k|rlntk~rfª\uf]+ d]+ lnv] uP ;+jT;/, cog, Ct', df; OToflb ;]leGg x}+ . j]bfª\uHof]ltif s] cg';f/ jif{ sf cf/De ;f}/rfGb|pQ/fo0ff/De s] ;fy xf]tf x} . j}lbs ;+jT;/–kl/jT;/flbs] ;fy 7Ls–7Ls ldns/ rng] jfn] k|ej–ljej OToflbifli6;+jT;/ rfGb| x}+, lsGt' k|rlnt k~rfª\uf]+ s] k|ej–ljejflb ifli6 ;+jT;/ afx{:kTo x}+ . >f}t–:dft{ sdf]{+ sf;ª\sNk d]+ rfGb| ;+jT;/f]+ sf xL pNn]v s/g] sf ljwfgwd{l;Gw' s] k|f/De d]+ xL x} . jxfF ;ª\sNkf]+ d]+afx{:kTo;+jT;/f]+ s] pNn]v s/g] sf lgif]w xL x} . j]bfª\uHof]ltif s]cg';f/ blIf0ffog nu r'sg] k/ eL k|rlnt k~rfª\uf]+ d]+pQ/fo0f xL dfgf uof xf]tf x}, pQ/fo0f nu r'sg] k/ eLblIf0ffog xL dfgf uof xf]tf x}, u|LidCt' nu r'sg] k/ eLj;Gt Ct' xL dfgf uof xf]tf x} . j}lbs rfGb| df; cdfGtx}+, lsGt' ef/t s] pQ/efu d]+ jt{dfg sfn d]+ k|rlntk~rfª\uf]+ d]+ lnv] uP rfGb| df; k"l0f{dfGt x}+ . >f}t–:dft{wd{sd{ s] lnP cdfGt df; xL u|fx\o xf]t] x}+ . k"l0f{dfGt rfGb|df; tf] zf;sflb s] nf}lss Jojxf/ s] lnP x}+ . ctM j}lbsrfGb|df; d]+ cf}/ ef/t s] pQ/efu d]+ k|rlnt k~rfª\uf]+s] rfGb| df; d]+ ax"t kms{ k8 hftf x} . k|foM z'SnkIf d]+bf] df; sf cf}/ s[i0fkIf d]+ Ps df; sf kms{ k8 hftf x} .tkf]df; sf cyf{t\ j}lbs Ct'a4 df3df; sf z'SnkIfnu r'sg] k/ eL k|rlnt Og k~rfª\uf]+ d]+ seL dfu{zLif{-z'SnkIf cf}/ seL kf}ifz'SnkIf lnvf /xtf x} . O; k|sf/df; d]+ -dxLg] d]+_ ax"t xL kms{ k8 hftf x} . j}lbsclwsdf; k|rlnt k~rfª\uf]+ s] clws–df; ;] cToGt xLk[ys\ x}+ . j}lbs clwsdf; -dndf;_ ;f}/ pQ/fo0f s] cGtd]+ z'lrdf; d]+ -cft{j cfiff9 d]+_ cyjf ;f}/ blIf0ffog s]cGt d]+ ;x:odf; d]+ -cft{j kf}if d]+_ xL k8t] x}+ . cGo dxLg]d]+ gxL+ k8t] x}+ . ox aft æpkhfo]t] dWo]Gt] rflwdf;sf}ÆO; j]bfª\uHof]ltifjrg d]+ -Znf]=#&_ :ki6 x} . ox aftg]kfn s] lnR5ljsfn ;] n]s/ Ps xhf/ jif{ ts s]Oltxf; ;] eL ;dly{t x} . j}lbs clwsdf; j]bfª\uHof]ltif

j}lbs sfn1fgk4lt cf}/ k~rfª\uj}lbs sfn1fgk4lt cf}/ k~rfª\uj}lbs sfn1fgk4lt cf}/ k~rfª\uj}lbs sfn1fgk4lt cf}/ k~rfª\uj}lbs sfn1fgk4lt cf}/ k~rfª\u


s] æ3d{j[l4/kf+ k|:yM Ifkfx|f; pbu\utf}Æ -Znf]=*_ OToflbjrg ;] eL l;4 xf]g]jfn] b[s\l;4 oyfy{ ;f}/ cog s]cfwf/ d]+ lglZrt xf]tf x} . j]bj]bfª\u d]+ cg'lNnlvt cf}/j}qmdfAb s] k|yd–låtLo zts d]+ k|lji6 ljb]zL zszf;sf]+s] ;fy d]+ cfP x'P O/fgL dua|fx\d0ff]+ ;] nfP uP cf}/zf;s s] an cf}/ Jojxf/ ;] ef/tjif{ d]+ k|rfl/t d]if, j[ifOToflb /flz s] cfwf/ d]+ l;4fGtlz/f]dl0f OToflb cjf{rLgu|Gyf]+ d]+ kfO{ hfg]jfnL æz'Sn–kIfk|ltkbf ;] s[i0fkIfcdfjf:ofts sf ;f}/;ª\qmflGtljxLg rfGb|–df; clwsdf;÷dn-df; xf]tf x}Æ P];f atfg]jfnL ljb]lzd"n s] ljrf/ s] cfwf/d]+ agfO{ uO{ æc;ª\qmflGtdf;f]lwdf;M :k'm6+ :oft\Æ OToflbcjf{rLg kl/efiff j}lbs–;gftg–j0ff{>dwd{ d]+ dfGo gxL+xf]tL x} . j}lbs wd{ d]+ cgflb cgke|i6 k/Dk/f ;] cfutljifo xL dfGo xf]tf x}, cjf{rLg sfn d]+ pb\efljt ljifodfGo gxL+ xf]tf x} . j}lbs sfnu0fgf d]+ Ifodf; tf] seL eLgxL+ xf]tf x} .

dfWolGbgLo–jfh;g]lo–z'Snh'j]{b–zfvfWofoL a|fx\d0ftyf pgs] lzioohdfgf]+ sf ljjfx–j|taGwflb s[Tooyf;Dej kf/:s/–u[x\o;"q s] ljwfgcg';f/ xL cg'i7]oxf]t] x}+ . kf/:s/–u[x\o;"q d]+ æpbuog cfk"o{df0fkIf] k'0ofx]s'dfof{M kfl0f+ u[x\0fLoft\Æ -!.$.%_ O; jrg ;] ljjfx sfj]bfª\uHof]ltifflb j}lbs u|Gycg';f/ s] pbuog d]+ -pQ/fo0fd]+_ xL xf]gf cfjZos xf]g] k/ eL blIf0ffog d]+ lg/o0fj[lZrsdf; d]+ cf}/ j]bfª\uHof]ltifflb j}lbs u|Gycg';f/blIf0ffog nur'sg] k/ eL lg/o0f ldy'gdf; d]+ -cfiff9 d]+_eL ljjfxnUg b]g]jfn], z'SnkIf d]+ xL ljjfx xf]g] sf lgb]{zxf]g] k/ eL s[i0fkIf d]+ eL ljjfxnUg b]g]jfn] tyfkf/:s/u[x\o;"q d]+ æcy}gf+ ;"o{d'bLIfolt tr\ rSIf'l/ltÆ -!.*.&_P];f ljwfg xf]g] ;] ljjfxsd{ s] dWo d]+ xL jw" sf] ;"o{bz{gs/fgf cfjZos xf]g] ;] lbg d]+ xL ljjfx xf]gf cfjZosxf]g] k/ eL /ft d]+ eL ljjfxnUg b]g]jfn] k|rlnt k~rfª\udfWolGbgLo–jfh;g]lo–z'Snoh'j]{bfWofoL kf/:s/–u[x\o;"qf-g';f/L nf]uf]+ s] >f}t–:dft{ sd{ s] lnP sfn s] lg¿k0f s]lnP cf}/ pg s[Tof]+ s] ;ª\sNk d]+ sfn s] pNn]v s] lnPeL ;jf{+z d]+ cg';/0fLo gxL+ xf]t] x}+ . ctM s]jn j};]k~rfª\uf]+ s] cfwf/ k/ >f}t–:dft{sd{ s] lnP ;+jT;/–cog–Ct'–df;–clwsdf;flb sfn sf lg0f{o gxL+ s/gfrflxP . j]bfª\uHof]ltif d]+ atfP uP d"n j}lbs sfnu0fgf-l;4fGt sf] 7Ls ;] ;dems/ k|rlnt b[s\l;4 k~rfª\u sL;xfotf eL n]s/ >f}t–:dft{sd{ s] lnP ;+jT;/–cog–Ct'–df;–clwdf;flb sf lg0f{o lsof hf ;stf x} . j}lbswd{ s] cf}/ df]If s] ljifo d]+ pkgogk"j{s j}w ¿k d]+cWoog lsP hfg]jfn] j]b–j]bfª\u–u|Gy xL d"n ¿k d]+k|df0f dfg] hft] x}+ . ctM nuwd'lgk|f]St æk~r;+jT;/-

dod\Æ OToflb j]bfª\uHof]ltifu|Gy s] k|lts"n lg0f{o eLb]g]jfn] v08vfBs, ef:jtL, ;"o{l;4fGt, l;4fGtlz/f]dl0f,d'x"t{dft{08, d'x"t{lrGtfdl0f, d'x"t{u0fklt OToflb u|Gy >f}t–:dft{–wd{sd{ s] lnP sL hfg]jfnL ;+jT;/–cog–Ct'–df;–clwsdf;–kIf–ltlyof]+ s] 1fg d]+ k|df0f gxL+ xf] ;st]x}+ . O; ljifo d]+ jf/f0f;L:y rf}vDafljBfejg ;] k|sflzts/jfP uP :jfb\Wofozfnf–s'6'Da s]] j]bfª\uHof]ltif s]sf}l08GGofogJofVofg sL e"ldsf d]+ cf}/ ef/tjifL{o Hof]ltifs] HjnGt k|Zg cf}/ j]bfª\u Hof]ltif gfd s] u|Gy d]+ lj:t[t¿k d]+ :ki6Ls/0f lsof uof x} . j]b–j]bfª\u zf:q d]+ cf}/pgd]+ k|ltkflbt wd{ d]+ cf:yf /vg]jfn] lj1hgf]+ sf] O;ljifo d]+ 7Ls ;] Wofg b]gf cf}/ s'5 eL ljdlt cyjf zª\sfxf] tf] v'n] ¿k d]+ lnlvt zf:qfy{ eL s/gf cfjZos xf]uof x} .

j}lbs wfld{s s[To sf cd's -kmnfF_ cog d]+, cd'sCt' d]+, cd's dxLg] d]+, cd's kIf d]+, cd's ltly d]+, cd'sgIfq d]+, cd's ;do d]+ cg'i7fg s/gf rflxP O; k|sf/s] ljljw ljwfg j]bflbzf:q d]+ k|fKt xf]t] x}+ . ctM j}lbscog, Ct', df;, kIf, ltly, gIfq OToflb sf 1fg cfjZosxf]tf x} . j}lbs cog, Ct', df; OToflb k|rlnt cj}lbs;"o{l;4fGtflbd"ns k~rfª\uf]+ d]+ lnlvt cog, Ct', df;OToflb ;] s'5 k[ys\ x}+, j}lbs cogflb d'Votof rfGb| x}+ .ctM j}lbs sd{ s] ;ª\sNkflb d]+ k|rlnt k~rfª\u s] cfwf/d]+ cog, Ct' OToflb sf pNn]v s/gf plrt gxL+ x} .gfds/0f, cGgk|fzg, pkgog -j|taGw_, ljjfx, cf}Wj{-b]lxssd{, >f4, cGo >f}t:dft{ o1sd{ OToflb wd{s[Tod'Vo j}lbs wd{s[To x}+ . ctM pgsf ;dolgwf{/0f s/g] d]+cf}/ pgd]+ ;ª\sNk s/g] d]+ nuwd'lgk|f]St j]bfª\uHof]ltif-fg';f/ lglZrt sfn sf] n]gf rflxP .

O; ljdz{ ;] j]b–j]bfª\u–:d[lt–k'/f0fflb zf:q d]+cf:yf /vg]jfn] oyfzlSt tbg';f/ wd{sdf{g'i7fgs/g] s] OR5's >4fn'cf]+ sf] j]bfª\uHof]ltiff]St j}lbssfnu0fgfl;4fGt sf 1fg cTofjZos xf]g] sL aft:ki6 xf]tL x} . p; s] lnP cfl:ts j}lbs ;gftg–j0ff{>dwdf{g'ofoL ;Hhgf]+ s] Jojxf/ d]+ ;/ntf nfg]s] lnP k~rfª\u agfg] cf}/ k|sflzt s/g] s] ;doj}lbs jif{, j}lbs ;f}/rfGb| cog, j}lbs ;f}/rfGb| Ct'j}lbsdf; OToflb cwf]lglb{i6 k|sf/ ;] :ki6 s/s]pNn]v s/g] sL /Llt cf}lrTok"0f{ xf]uL . slno'u;+jt\s] pNn]v s] ;fy d]+ @)^% ;+jt\ s] j[lZrsdf; s]!# j]+ lbg d]+ cyf{t\ @))* gjDa/ @* d]+ k8g]jfn]j}lbs jiff{/De s] kZrft\ cfg] jfn] o'u–jif{–cog–Ct'–df;flb sf d'b|0fLo k~rfª\u d]+ pNn]v s/g] sLk4lt oxfF bL hftL x} —


!= sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, lzlz/ Ct'M, tkf]df;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#) lj= ;+ @)^% dfu{z'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!@( lyFNnfYj ==== afx{:kToM Knjgfdf ;+jT;/M =====sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, lzlz/ Ct'M, tkf]df;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#) lj= ;+ @)^% kf}ifs[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!@( lyFNnfuf -dfu{s[i0fkIfM_ ==== afx{= Knjgfdf ;+jT;/M

@= sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, lzlz/ Ct'M, tk:odf;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#) lj= ;+ @)^% kf}ifz'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!@( kf]x]nfYj ==== afx{= Knjgfdf ;+jT;/M ========sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, lzlz/ Ct'M, tk:odf;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#) lj= ;+ @)^% df3s[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!@( kf]x]nfuf -kf}ifs[i0fkIfM_ ==== afx{= Knjgfdf ;+jT;/M

#= sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, j;Gt Ct'M, dw'df;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#) lj= ;+ @)^% df3z'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!@( l;NnfYj ==== afx{= Knjgfdf ;+jT;/M =====sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, j;Gt Ct'M, dw'df;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#) lj= ;+ @)^% kmfNu'gs[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!@( l;Nnfuf -df3s[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= Knjgfdf ;+jT;/M ====

$= sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, j;Gt Ct'M, dfwjdf;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#) lj= ;+ @)^% kmfNu'gz'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!@( lrNnfYj ==== afx{= Knjgfdf ;+jT;/M ==========sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, j;Gt Ct'M, dfwjdf;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#) lj= ;+ @)^% r}qs[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!@( lrNnfuf -kmfNu'gs[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= Knjgfdf ;+jT;/M ======

%= sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, u|Lid Ct'M, z'qmdf;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ r}qz'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!@( rf}nfYj === afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =======sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, u|Lid Ct'M, z'qmdf;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ j}zfvs[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!@( rf}nfuf -r}qs[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====

= sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, u|Lid Ct'M, k|ydz'lrdf;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ j}zfvz'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!@( j5nfYj ==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, u|Lid Ct'M, k|ydz'lrdf;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ Ho]i7s[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!@( j5nfuf -j}zfvs[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, u|Lid Ct'M, låtLoz'lrdf;M -clwsdf;M_, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ Ho]i7z'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!@( t5nfYj -j}lbs cgnfYj_ == afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M ==sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, u|Lid Ct'M, låtLoz'lrdf;M -clwsdf;M_, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ cfiff9s[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!@( t5nfuf -Ho]i7s[i0fkIfM_ -j}lbs cgnfuf_ ==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M

&= sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/+ blIf0ffogd\, jiff{M Ct'M, gef]df;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ cfiff9z'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!@( lbNnfYj ==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M ===sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/+ blIf0ffogd\, jiff{M Ct'M, gef]df;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ >fj0fs[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!@( lbNnfuf -cfiff9s[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M ===

*= sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/+ blIf0ffogd\, jiff{M Ct'M, ge:odf;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ >fj0fz'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!@( uF'NnfYj ==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M ===sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/+ blIf0ffogd\, jiff{M Ct'M, ge:odf;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ efb|s[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!@( uF'nfuf ->fj0fs[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M ===

(= sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/+ blIf0ffogd\, z/b[t'M, Oifdf;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ efb|z'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!@( `nfYj==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/+ blIf0ffogd\, z/b[t'M, Oifdf;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ cflZjgs[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!@( `nfuf -efb|s[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====

!)=sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/+ blIf0ffogd\, z/b[t'M, pmh{df;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ cflZjgz'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!@( sf}nfYj ==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/+ blIf0ffogd\, z/b[t'M, pmh{df;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ sflQ{ss[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!@( sf}nfuf -cflZjgs[i0fkIfM_ ==afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M ===


!!= sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/+ blIf0ffogd\, x]dGt Ct'M, ;xf[]df;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ sflQ{sz'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!#) s5nfYj ==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/+ blIf0ffogd\, x]dGt Ct'M, ;xf]df;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ dfu{s[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!#) s5nfuf -sflQ{ss[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M ===

!@= sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/+ blIf0ffogd\, x]dGt Ct'M, ;x:odf;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ dfu{z'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!#) lyFNnfYj ==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M ===sln;+jt\ %)&$, lkq\o+ o'ud\, Ob\jT;/M, rfGb|M zfj{/L ;+jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/+ blIf0ffogd\, x]dGt Ct'M, ;x:odf;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ kf}ifs[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!#) lyFNnfuf -dfu{s[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====

!= sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkq\o+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, lzlz/ Ct'M, tkf]df;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ kf}ifz'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!#) kf]x]nfYj ==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkq\o+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, lzlz/ Ct'M, tkf]df;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ df3s[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!#) kf]x]nfuf -kf}ifs[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====

@= sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkq\o+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, lzlz/ Ct'M, tk:odf;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ df3z'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!#) l;NnfYj ==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkq\o+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, lzlz/ Ct'M, tk:odf;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ kmfNu'gs[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!#) l;Nnfuf -df3s[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====

#= sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkq\o+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, j;Gt Ct'M, dw'df;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ kmfNu'gz'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!#) lrNnfYj ==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkq\o+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, j;Gt Ct'M, dw'df;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+ @)^^ r}qs[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!#) lrNnfuf -kmfNu'gs[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M =====

$= sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkq\o+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, j;Gt Ct'M, dfwjdf;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#@ lj= ;+ @)^& r}qz'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!#) rf}nfnfYj ==== afx{= zf]eggfdf ;+jT;/M =====sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkq\o+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, j;Gt Ct'M, dfwjdf;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#@ lj= ;+ @)^& z'4j}zfvs[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!#) rf}nfuf -r}qs[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= zf]eggfdf ;+jT;/M ===

%= sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkq\o+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, u|Lid Ct'M, z'qmdf;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#@ lj= ;+ @)^& clwsj}zfvz'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!#) cgnfYj -clwdf;z'SnkIfM_==== afx{= zf]eggfdf ;+jT;/M ==sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkq\o+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, u|Lid Ct'M, z'qmdf;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#@ lj= ;+ @)^& clwsj}zfvs[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!#) cgnfuf -clwdf;s[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= zf]eggfdf ;+jT;/M ===

= sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkq\o+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, u|Lid Ct'M, z'lrdf;M, z'SnkIfM>Lzfs] !(#@ lj= ;+ @)^& z'4j}zfvz'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!#) j5nfYj ==== afx{= zf]eggfdf ;+jT;/M =====sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkq\o+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, j}lbs+ rfGb|;f}/d\ pbuogd\, u|Lid Ct'M, z'lrdf;M, s[i0fkIfM>Lzfs] !(#@ lj= ;+ @)^& Ho]i7s[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!#) j5nfuf -j}zfvs[i0fkIfM_==== afx{= zf]eggfdf ;+jT;/M ===== OToflb .ltlykq s] -k~rfª\ukq s]_ k|To]s kIf s] k[i7f]+ d]+ pmk/ j}lbs ;f}/rfGb| jif{, cog, Ct' OToflb b]s/ j]bfª\u–ltly, j]bfª\ugIfqsf eL ;dfj]z s/s] k~rfª\u sL ¿k/]vf O; k|sf/ agfs/ k|sflzt s/gf plrt xf]uf—

sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkœo+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, ;f}/rfGb|d\ pbuogd\, ;f}/rfGb|M lzlz/ Ct'M, tkf]df;M, z'SnkIfM >Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+= @)^^ kf}ifz'SnkIfM g]=;+= !!#) kf]x]nfYj -kf}ifz'SnkIfM_ blIf0ffog+ x]dGtt{'M, ==afx{:kToM z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M

j]bfª\u– ltlyM

l;4fGt– ltlyM

3= k= j]bfª\u– gIfqd\

d'x"t{M l;4fGt– gIfqd\

3= k= q}m=lb= -tf=_

jf/M

! k|ltkbf ! @*.$! d"= @@=^ d"= @*.#! !& a[ bz]{li6M, j}lbsgjjiff{/DeM, tkf]df;f/DeM, @))( lb;Da/ !&

@ låtLof @ ##.% k"=iff= @@=( k"=iff= #$.% !* z'

# t[tLof # #*.!@ p=iff= @#=# p=iff= $).!( !( z


sln;+jt\ %)&%,lkœo+ o'ud\, jT;/M, rfGb|M Knjf] jT;/M, ;f}/rfGb|d\ pbuogd\, ;f}/rfGb|M lzlz/ Ct'M, tkf]df;M, s[i0fkIfM >Lzfs] !(#! lj= ;+= @)^^ df3s[i0fkIfM g]=;+= !!#) kf]x]nfuf -kf}ifs[i0fkIfM_ ==blIf0ffog+ x]dGtt{'M, ==afx{:kToM z'es[Ggfdf ;+jT;/M==

j]bfª\u– ltlyM

l;4fGt– ltlyM

3=k= j]bfª\u– gIfqd\

d'x"t{M l;4fGt–gIfqd\

3= k= q}m=lb= -tf=_

jf/M

! k|ltkbf ! $!.& k'=j= @&=& cf=, k'=j= #.@& %(.#&

! z' k"0f{df;]li6M, @)!) hgal/ !

@ låtLof @ #%.@@ k'ioM @*=! k'ioM %%.#) @ z

# t[tLof # @(.@& c= @*=$ c= %!.!* # cf

$ rt'yL{ $ @#.#^ d= @*=& d= $&.!^ $ ;f]

% k~rdL % !*.# k"=km= @(=! k"=km= $#.#% % d

^ ifi7L ^ !@.%& p=km= @(=% p=km= $).@* ^ a'

& ;KtdL & *.#@ x= @(=* x= #*.$ & a[

* ci6dL * $.%^ lr= #)=) lr= #^.#% * z' Psfi6sf

( gjdL ( @.@) lr= )=@ :jf= #^.( ( z cGji6sf

!) bzdL !) ).%# :jf= )=% lj= #^.%# !) cf

!! PsfbzL !! ).$) lj= )=( c= #*.%@ !! ;f]

!@ åfbzL !@ !.$$ c= !=@ Ho]= $@.% !@ d

# t[tLof # #*.!@ p=iff= @#=# p=iff= $).!( !( z

$ rt'yL{ $ $#.#* >= @#=^ >= $^.%) @) cf

% k~rdL % $*.%^ w= @#=( w= %#.!# @! ;f] b[s\l;4;f}/f]Q/fo0ff/DeM, ;f}/lzlz/Tjf{/DeM

^ ifi7L ^ %#.$@ z= @$=# z= %(.$ @@ d

& ;KtdL & %&.#% k"=e= @$=^ k"=e= ^).) @# a'

* ci6dL * ^).) p=e= @$=( k"=e= $.@ @$ a[

( gjdL * ).@! /]= @%=@ p=e= &.%^ @% z'

!) bzdL ( !.%@ c= @%=^ /]= !).#* @^ z

!! PsfbzL !) @.^ e= @%=( c= !@.% @& cf

!@ åfbzL !! !.# %*.%!

s[= @^=@ e= !@.@) @* ;f]

!# qof]bzL !# %%.#% /f]= @^=^ s[= !!.@^ @( d

!$ rt'b{zL !$ %!.@% d[= @&=) /f]= (.## #) a'

!% k"l0f{df !% $^.#@ cf= @&=# d[= ^.%) #! a[ pkj;yM


O; k|sf/ j]bfª\ukIf s] ljifo sf] eL k~rfª\u d]+;dflji6 s/g] s] ;fy ;fy cGo cfjZos ljifof]+ d]+kf/:s/u[x \o;"qflb :j:jzfvfu|Gyf ] + sf ] cf }/j]bfª\uHof]ltifu|Gy sf] d"n cfwf/ dfgs/ lg¿k0fcf}/ lg0f{o s/g] sL k4lt ;] zf:qLotf d]+ k|j]z lsofhf ;stf x} cf}/ k~rfª\u d]+ ck]lIft ;'wf/ eL;/ntf ;] lsof hf ;stf x} .

;+lIfKt :ki6Ls/0f– pmk/ k|yd kª\lSt d]+ j}lbssfnu0fgfl;4fGtcg';f/ s] slno'u;+jt\, j}lbs o'u,j}lbs rfGb| jT;/, tbg';fl/ rfGb|ifli6;+jT;/fGtu{trfGb| jT;/, j}lbs ;f}/rfGb| cog, j}lbs ;f}/rfGb|Ct', j}lbs df;, j}lbs kIf lbP uP x}+ . wfld{s s[Tod]+ Ct' eL ;f}/dfg;fk]If rfGb|dfg s] xL n]g] sLj}lbs zf:q sL Joj:yf x} . ox aft lg0f{ol;Gw'–wd{l;Gw' d]+ eL plNnlvt x} . wd{s[To d]+ rfGb| Ct' s]k|of]u s] lnP O; k|sf/ sf pNn]v ;xfos xf]tf x} .k|rlnt k~rfª\u d]+ rfGb| Ct' g lnvs/ ;f}/ Ct'lnvg] sL, p; d]+ eL jf:tj -;fog_ ;f}/ Ct' glnvs/ cjf:tj -lg/o0f_ ;f}/ Ct' lnvg] sL k|yfx} . låtLo kª\lSt d]+ l;4fGtHof]ltiffg';f/ s] jt{dfgnf]sk|rg s] ;+jT;/, df;gfd, sfi7d08kf]kTosfsL g]jf/L k/Dk/f s] df;gfd, afx{:kTo ;+jT;/OToflb sf pNn]v lsof uof x} . p; d]+ g]jf/L k/Dk/fd]+ cdfGt df; dfg] hfg] sL aft eL :ki6 x} .

pmk/ k|:t't ltlykq -k~rfª\ukq_ s] Ps df; s]lgbz{gfTds efu d]+ k|yd :tDe d]+ j}lbs ltly lbPuP x}+ . låtLo :tDe d]+ k|rlnt l;4fGtkIf sL ltlyofFbL uO{ x}+ . t[tLo :tDe d]+ l;4fGtkIf s] ltly s]; "of ] {bosfn ; ] 36L–kn lbP uP x } + .j]bfª\uHof]ltiffg';f/L ltly d]+ ltly ;fdfGotofcxf]/fqJofkL dfg] hfg] ;] pg s] 36L–kn sf pNn]vcfjZos gxL+ xf]tf x} . s]jn b[s\l;4 cdfjf:of–;dflKt–sfn s] ljrf/ ;] lk08lkt[o1 cyjf bz{>f4s] lbg sf lg0f{o xf]tf x} . tbg';f/ s[i0frt'b{zL6"6g]–g6"6g] sL Joj:yf xf]tL x} . rt'y{ :tDe d]+

j]bfª\u–gIfq lbP uP x}+ . j]bfª\uHof]ltifcg';f/ gIfq;dfg dfg s] dfg] hft] x}+ . k~rd :tDe d]+ j]bfª\u–gIfq sL ;dflKt sf sfn d'x"t{ d]+ lbof uof x} . ifi7:tDe d]+ l;4fGt–gIfq lbP uP x}+ . ;Ktd :tDe d]+l;4fGt–gIfq sL ;dflKt sf sfn 36L–kn d]+ lbofuof x} . ci6d :tDe d]+ tf/Lv cf}/ gjd :tDe d]+jf/ ;dflji6 x}+ . ltlykq -k~rfª\u_ agft] ;docGo k|rlnt kj{ cf}/ Tof]xf/f]+ sf eL pNn]v lsof hf;stf x} . pmk/ k|:t't lgbz{g d]+ cfjZos kl/isf/cf}/ ;+zf]wg eL lsof hf ;stf x} .

j}lbs–sfnu0fgf sf ;dfj]z s/s] k|sflztk~rfª \u d ] + b [s \ l;4 ;f }/ pbuogk | f/De,jf;Gtljif'jsfn, blIf0ffogk|f/De cf}/ zf/bljif'jsfnOg sf pNn]v cfjZos xf]tf x} . O; k|sf/ ltlykq-k~rfª\u_ k|sflzt s/g] ;] j}lbs k/Dk/f s] cg'ofloof]+sf] j]bfª\uHof]ltiffg';f/ s] d"n j}lbs o'u, rfGb| jif{,;f}/rfGb| cog, ;f}/rfGb| Ct', df;, kIf, ltly, gIfqOgs] cg';f/ wd{–sdf{g'i7fg s/g] d]+ ;'eLtf xf]uL .O; k|sf/ sL k4lt s] k|of]u ;] ltlykq d]+ -k~rfª\ud]+_ cf}/ kjf]{+ cf}/ Tof]xf/f]+ s] sfn d]+ eL qmdzM ;'wf/lsof hf ;stf x} .

j]bfª\uHof]ltif s] cf}/ j}lbs–sfnu0fgf–k4lts] ljifo d]+ clws ljj/0f s] lnP jf/f0f;L:yrf}vDaf–ljBfejg ;] k|sflzt ;f]dfs/efio–sf}l08GGofogJofVofg;lxt æj]bfª\uHof ]ltifÆ-@))% q}m=_ cf}/ æef/tjifL{o Hof]ltif s] HjnGtk|Zg cf}/ j]bfª\uHof]ltifÆ -@))* q}m=_ gfd s]u|Gy cf}/ :jfb\Wofozfnf ;] k|:t't ljleGg k'l:tsf,kqs tyf cGo n]v–lgaGwf]+ sf cWoog lsof hf;stf x} .

:jfb\Wofozfnf,sf7df08', g]kfn .

kmf]g (*$()(!$^&,$$###@&, $#*^(*(

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With Best Compliments From :-With Best Compliments From :-With Best Compliments From :-With Best Compliments From :-With Best Compliments From :-R. K. Shrestha

Director

DREAM PROJECTION Pvt. Ltd.NewRoad, Kathmandu, Nepal


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With Best Compliments FromWith Best Compliments FromWith Best Compliments FromWith Best Compliments FromWith Best Compliments From

Ashok Kumar ShresthaAshok Kumar ShresthaAshok Kumar ShresthaAshok Kumar ShresthaAshok Kumar ShresthaDirector

WWWWWalmaralmaralmaralmaralmart Internat Internat Internat Internat InternationaltionaltionaltionaltionalBusiness Pvt. Ltd.Business Pvt. Ltd.Business Pvt. Ltd.Business Pvt. Ltd.Business Pvt. Ltd.

Pako, Newroad, Kathmandu


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808Lkmf]/ jf cGo vl6/fx¿ gfs d'vdf cfO/xG5eg] j/sf] b"w skf;df lehfP/ nufpg] u/]df s]xLlbgd} 7Ls x'Fb} hfG5 .@^_ ;bL{ nfu]/ gfs aGb eO{ skfn r8\s]df@^_ ;bL{ nfu]/ gfs aGb eO{ skfn r8\s]df@^_ ;bL{ nfu]/ gfs aGb eO{ skfn r8\s]df@^_ ;bL{ nfu]/ gfs aGb eO{ skfn r8\s]df@^_ ;bL{ nfu]/ gfs aGb eO{ skfn r8\s]df

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j/sf] h6fsf] w"nf] !÷! rDrf rf}nfgL kfgL;Fulaxfg a]n'sf lgoldt lbPdf slAhot 7Ls x'G5 .


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j/sf] slnnf] sf]lknf !)÷!% j6f lkg]/ ld>Lxfn]/ ! rDrf laxfg÷a]n'sf vfg] u/] 7Ls x'G5 .

With Best Compliments From :-With Best Compliments From :-With Best Compliments From :-With Best Compliments From :-With Best Compliments From :-

Subhas PradhanDirector

Pradhan Developers Pvt. Ltd.& SDN Pvt. Ltd.

Nayabazar, Kathmandu, Nepal


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dflg;sf] hGd]b]lv d[To';Dd cfjZos kg]{ Gjf/g -gfdfs/0f_ b]lv -d[To'_ lqmof a:bf l9s'/f] :yfkgf u/L/ cfˆgf ;uf]qLn] Oi6ldqx¿åf/f lkkn kfgL lbg] k|rng5 . To;}u/L ljleGg wfld{s ;+:sf/, ljjfx, a|tjGw,hGdf]T;j, k"hf, kf7, o1 syf cflb sfo{df lkknsf]dxTjk"0f{ :yfg 5 . lkkn af]6, a|Dxf, lji0f', lzj /nIdLsf] cjtf/ dflgG5 / lkkn af]6df a|Dxf, lji0f' /lzjsf] af; x'G5 . lzjsf] P3f/f}F ¿k lkkn xf] eGg]egfO{ 5 . lkkn af]6 j}lbs j[If ePsf]n] o;nfO{ ;fw';Gt >4fn] k"hf ub{5g\ . r}q s[i0f kIfsf] t[tLof /cflZjg s[i0fkIfsf] t[tLofdf j|t ljwL;lxt k"hf ul/G5 .of] j|t ;'vdo bfDkTo hLjg, c6n ;f}efUosf] ;fy}ljwjf hLjgsf] cfklQ gcfjf];\ eGg] sfdgf lnOul/G5 . tflGqs ljlw cg';f/ :gfg u/L lkkn af]6/f]k]/ Ps dlxgf;Dd j|t a;L lkkn ljjfx ul/G5 .h;n] ubf{ cfOkg]{ cfklQsf] gfz eO{ ;'vdo bfDkTohLjg ofkg u/L kl/jf/sf] sNof0f / ;'vzflGt x'G5 .

cfOtaf/sf] lbg wg ;DklQ lbg] >L nIdLsf]jf; x'G5 egL ;f] lbg k"hf cfhf u/L sfdgfub{5g\ . zlgaf/ gf/fo0fsf] jf; lkknsf] af]6dfx'G5 eGg] rng cg';f/ k"hf k|blIf0ff ubf{ kfk gfzx'g] k'0o k|flKt x'g] zf:qdf pNn]v kfOG5 .

u|x zflGtdf laxLaf/sf] lbg lkknsf] ;ldwfck{0f ul/G5 eg] >L s[i0f eujfgn] zlgZr/ ¿kLod/fhnfO{ lkknsf] ?vdf jf; lbg' eO{ ClifkTgLnfO{ sfnsf] ceo bfg lbO{ lghsf afnssf]/Iff u/]sf]n] zlgaf/sf lbg lkkn k"hf :kz{ k|blIf0ffubf{ afnaRrf hLljt /xg] / /Iff x'g] ljZjf;ul/G5 . >4fn'x¿n] lkkn k"hf ;a}sf] sNof0f, bL3f{o',;Gtfg ;'v, bfDkTo ;'v ;f}efUo, ufO{j:t'nufot

wg wfGo, lslt{dfg, P]Zjo{ k|flKtsf] sfdgf /flvk"hf, k|blIf0ff, j|t ub{5g\ . lkknsf] 5fxf/L :j:yjw{scfgGbbfos w]/} u'0fsf/L x'G5 . j/ / lkkn b'a} g};dfg u'0fsf/L kljq sNof0fsf/L ePsf]n] rf}tf/L,kf6L kf}jf agfO{ j/ lkkn nufpg] rng 5 . j/lkknnfO{ o'un hf]8Lsf] k|]dsf] k|ltssf] ¿kdf klglnOG5 . o;/L lkknsf] cg]sf}+ wfld{s ;fdflhscfo'j]{lbs Hofb} g} dxTjk"0f{ :yfg /x]sf] 5 .lkkn cf}ifwf]kof]uL / k|of]u ug]{ tl/sflkkn cf}ifwf]kof]uL / k|of]u ug]{ tl/sflkkn cf}ifwf]kof]uL / k|of]u ug]{ tl/sflkkn cf}ifwf]kof]uL / k|of]u ug]{ tl/sflkkn cf}ifwf]kof]uL / k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf

xfdL lkknnfO{ wfld{s cfwf/df zlg u|x zflGtsf;fy} eujfg lji0f'sf] ¿kdf klg k"hf u5f}F . Toltdfq ;Lldt geO{ lkknaf6 cg]sf}F zf/Ll/s /f]uJoflw klg gfz ug{ ;S5f}F .s_ lkkn kqs_ lkkn kqs_ lkkn kqs_ lkkn kqs_ lkkn kq

lkknsf] kftsf] ld>L sf8fn] skm, lkQ, 7Lsug'{sf ;fy} 3fF6L d'v ;'lGgPsf] klg 7Ls ug{ ;S5 .v_ kmn ljhv_ kmn ljhv_ kmn ljhv_ kmn ljhv_ kmn ljh

bdsf] sf/0faf6 nuftf/ x'g] ;'Vvf vf]sLdfkmnsf] r"0f{ ! rDrf b"wdf ld>L xfn]sf] !÷@ Unf;vf]n]df # 6fOd lbg] u/] vf]sL lgsf] eP/ hfG5 .u_ lkknsf] b"wu_ lkknsf] b"wu_ lkknsf] b"wu_ lkknsf] b"wu_ lkknsf] b"w

lkknsf] sdnf] kft jf 5fnfdf s'g} lrhn] 3fpkfbf{ lgSng] lkknsf] b"w s'g} klg 3fpdf nufpgfn]/ut /f]lsG5 . *÷!) yf]kf lkknsf] b"w ! rDrfld>Ldf laxfg vfnL k]6df vfg] u/]df !÷@ xKtfd}wft' k'li6 an ljo{ a[l4 x'G5 .3_ lkknsf] xf“uf3_ lkknsf] xf“uf3_ lkknsf] xf“uf3_ lkknsf] xf“uf3_ lkknsf] xf“uf

;k{sf] ljif gfz ug{ cltg} h8L cf}iflw xf] .rf]/L cf}+nf hlt df]6f] ^ O{Gr nfdf] @ 6'qmf sf6\g] /lj:tf/} b'a} sfg leq 3';fg]{ ha;Dd ljif sf7n]tfgL ;Sb}g jf /f]uLn] 56\k6fpg, s/fpg 5f]8\b}gta;Dd /fd|/L /flv 5f]8\g' k5{ . ljif pq]kl5 7Lsx'G5 . of] kxf8 t/fO{ cf}iflw gkfpg] 7fpFdf s]xLpkfo gnfu] ug'{j]z x'G5 gq eg] cflQP/ x'Fb}g .d]l8sn g} nfg' xf]nf . of] t ljZjf;sf] s'/f xf] .ª_ lkknsf] vf]6f]ª_ lkknsf] vf]6f]ª_ lkknsf] vf]6f]ª_ lkknsf] vf]6f]ª_ lkknsf] vf]6f]

rf}yfO{ rDrf lkknsf] vf]6f] kfgL;Fu vfgfn]/ut z'l4 x'G5 / ljo{ k'li6 x'G5 / z/L/df tfst

lkknsf] dxTj Mlkknsf] dxTj Mlkknsf] dxTj Mlkknsf] dxTj Mlkknsf] dxTj M


lbG5 . ca ljleGg /f]ux¿df lkkn slt pkof]uL 5eGg] s'/f tn :ki6 ul/G5 .!_ :d/0fzlQm a9fpg!_ :d/0fzlQm a9fpg!_ :d/0fzlQm a9fpg!_ :d/0fzlQm a9fpg!_ :d/0fzlQm a9fpg

s_ lkknsf] sf]lknf !)÷!@ j6f ! Unf; b"wdfld>L xfn]/ pdfNg] / #÷$ rf]6L pDn]kl5 lems]/dgtftf] ePkl5 vfg] laxfg lbgsf] ! k6s o;n]:d/0f zlQm a9fpF5 ;fy} tfst klg lbG5 .

v_ lkknsf] af]qmf ;'sfP/ r"0f{ agfpg] / lrofe}Fm lgTo vfg] u/] lrofsf] lwt klg dg]{ an tfst;fy} :d/0f zlQm klg alnof] x'G5 .@_ pGdfb ePdf@_ pGdfb ePdf@_ pGdfb ePdf@_ pGdfb ePdf@_ pGdfb ePdf

lkknsf] kftsf] !)÷!@ sf]lknf ! Unf; b"wdfksfpg] / cf}iflw dfq afFsL ePkl5 vfg lbgt] u/]7Ls x'Fb}hfG5 . lbgsf] Psk6s dfq lbg] .#_ d"5f{ x'g] ePdf#_ d"5f{ x'g] ePdf#_ d"5f{ x'g] ePdf#_ d"5f{ x'g] ePdf#_ d"5f{ x'g] ePdf

tfhf lkknsf] b"w @÷$ yf]kf gfsdf xfNg] /@÷$ yf]kf lkknsf] b"w cfwf rDrf dxdf lkm6]/;]jg u/]df @ xKtfd} /f]uL 7Ls x'G5 .$_ cf“vf kf]Ng], lrnfpg]df$_ cf“vf kf]Ng], lrnfpg]df$_ cf“vf kf]Ng], lrnfpg]df$_ cf“vf kf]Ng], lrnfpg]df$_ cf“vf kf]Ng], lrnfpg]df

s_ lkknsf] sdnsf] kft ! rDrf ! Unf;kfgLdf ksfpg] / cfwf Unf; ePkl5 lr:ofP/df8]/ 5fGg] To;kl5 k]ml/ n]bf] h:tf] ePkl5 lems]/Tolt g} z'4 dx ld;fP/ lkm6]/ lzzLdf /fVg] /laxfg÷a]n'sf ufhn nufpg] .

v_ lkknsf] tfhf b"w ! cfFvfdf ufhn h:t}u/L nufpg] u/]df cfFvf /ftf] x'g], lrnfpg], wldnf]x'g], sd b]lvg] klg 7Ls x'G5 .%_ bf “t xlNng], uGxfpg], luhf kfSg], bfFt%_ bf “t xlNng], uGxfpg], luhf kfSg], bfFt%_ bf “t xlNng], uGxfpg], luhf kfSg], bfFt%_ bf “t xlNng], uGxfpg], luhf kfSg], bfFt%_ bf “t xlNng], uGxfpg], luhf kfSg], bfFt

rlDsnf] kfg] { cflbdfrlDsnf] kfg] { cflbdfrlDsnf] kfg] { cflbdfrlDsnf] kfg] { cflbdfrlDsnf] kfg] { cflbdfs_ lkknsf] af]qmf ;'sfP/ r"0f{ agfpg] / To;n]

lgTo bfFt dfF‰g] u/]df xlNng], uGxfpg] aGb eO{rlDsnf] / alnof] x'G5 .

v_ lkknsf] 6'qmfn] lgTo bfFt df‰g] u/]dfbfFt;DaGwL /f]u gfz x'G5 .^_ d'v uGxfpg] dflg;sf] hl8 cf}iflw^_ d'v uGxfpg] dflg;sf] hl8 cf}iflw^_ d'v uGxfpg] dflg;sf] hl8 cf}iflw^_ d'v uGxfpg] dflg;sf] hl8 cf}iflw^_ d'v uGxfpg] dflg;sf] hl8 cf}iflw

;dodf lkknsf] u]8f l6k]/ s]nfP/ ;'sfP/ /fVg]lbgsf] @÷$ u]8f d'vdf /fv]/ r':g] u/]df d'vuGxfpg] 7Ls x'g yfN5 .&_ 5ftL b'Vg], kf]Ng]df&_ 5ftL b'Vg], kf]Ng]df&_ 5ftL b'Vg], kf]Ng]df&_ 5ftL b'Vg], kf]Ng]df&_ 5ftL b'Vg], kf]Ng]df

lkknsf] u]8f tfhf pknAw ePdf !) u]8f rkfP/kfgLn] lglnlbg], of] lgTo laxfg Ps xKtf;Dd ugf{n]

7Ls x'G5 . tfhf kmn gkfPdf hDdf u/L ;'sfP//fv]sf] kmn klg k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .*_ d'6' / kmf]S;f]sf] /f]uL*_ d'6' / kmf]S;f]sf] /f]uL*_ d'6' / kmf]S;f]sf] /f]uL*_ d'6' / kmf]S;f]sf] /f]uL*_ d'6' / kmf]S;f]sf] /f]uL

lkknsf] lkkn u]8f ! d'7L rkfP/ kfgL;Fu vfg]u/]df @ xKtfd} /f]uLsf] ;'wf/ x'G5 .!)_ Xbo sdhf]/ ePdf!)_ Xbo sdhf]/ ePdf!)_ Xbo sdhf]/ ePdf!)_ Xbo sdhf]/ ePdf!)_ Xbo sdhf]/ ePdf

a]n'sf lkknsf] % tfhf kft kfgLdf lehfP//fVg] laxfg dgtftf] kf/L ld>L xfnL lkpg] ugf{n]Åbo w8\sg 7Ls eO{ cf/fd x'G5 .!!_ k]6 b'v]df!!_ k]6 b'v]df!!_ k]6 b'v]df!!_ k]6 b'v]df!!_ k]6 b'v]df

tfhf lkknsf] @ kft lkg]/ ;v/ xfn]/ vfg]u/]df k]6;DaGwL /f]u lgsf] x'G5 .!@_ k]6 kf]Ng]df!@_ k]6 kf]Ng]df!@_ k]6 kf]Ng]df!@_ k]6 kf]Ng]df!@_ k]6 kf]Ng]df

!)÷!@ lkknsf] u]8f jf sf]lknf lkg]/ ld>Lxfn]/ @÷$ k6s ;j{t vfPdf 7Ls x'G5 .!#_ ckr, k]6sf] u8a9Ldf / ef]s gnfUg]df!#_ ckr, k]6sf] u8a9Ldf / ef]s gnfUg]df!#_ ckr, k]6sf] u8a9Ldf / ef]s gnfUg]df!#_ ckr, k]6sf] u8a9Ldf / ef]s gnfUg]df!#_ ckr, k]6sf] u8a9Ldf / ef]s gnfUg]df

lkknsf] !)÷!% u]8f rkfP/ b"w jf kfgL;Fulaxfg vfln k]6df vfg] u/]df k]6 alnof] x'G5 .ef]s nfU5 / tfst klg lbG5 .!$_ x}hfdf!$_ x}hfdf!$_ x}hfdf!$_ x}hfdf!$_ x}hfdf

x}hf ePsf] a]nfdf lkknsf] @ tfhf kft / &÷*j6f NjfFu kfgLdf lkg]/ !)÷!) ldg]6sf] cGt/df@÷@ rDrf vfg lbPdf emf8f afGtf b'a} /f]lsG5 .!%_ lxSsfdf!%_ lxSsfdf!%_ lxSsfdf!%_ lxSsfdf!%_ lxSsfdf

lkknsf] af]qmfnfO{ sf]Onf agfP/ kfgLdf ‰jfFO{ug]{ / Tof] kfgL @÷# rDrf vfg lbPdf 7Ls x'G5 .!^_ sdnlkQ ePdf -h08L;_!^_ sdnlkQ ePdf -h08L;_!^_ sdnlkQ ePdf -h08L;_!^_ sdnlkQ ePdf -h08L;_!^_ sdnlkQ ePdf -h08L;_

s_ lkknsf] & j6f tfhf kft / cfsfzj]nL -kx]+nf]tx/f sfF8fsf] af]6df x'g]_ ! d'7L lkg]/ s'6]/ laxfg a]n'sf;j{t !÷! Unf;f vfg lbPdf ! xKtfd} 7Ls x'G5 .v_ h:tf];'s} s8f h08L; ePdf klg x'g]v_ h:tf];'s} s8f h08L; ePdf klg x'g]v_ h:tf];'s} s8f h08L; ePdf klg x'g]v_ h:tf];'s} s8f h08L; ePdf klg x'g]v_ h:tf];'s} s8f h08L; ePdf klg x'g]

lkknsf] af]qmf lems]kl5 cfpg] u'bL $ rDrf -w"nf]kf/L_ hlt 6'qmf @ Unf; kfgldf a]n'sf lehfO{lbg] / laxfg df8]/ 5fg]/ vfg] . o;/L vfgfn] !÷@xKtfd} 7Ls x'G5 . vfgfdf /f]6L / bxL vfg lbg] .!&_ slAhot ePdf!&_ slAhot ePdf!&_ slAhot ePdf!&_ slAhot ePdf!&_ slAhot ePdf

lkknsf] af]qmfsf] w"nf] Ps rDtf Ps Unf; kfgLdflehfP/ ld>L xfn]/ laxfg lehfP/ a]n'sf lkpg] /a]n'sf lehfP/ laxfg lkpg] .!*_ sDd/ b'Vg], d"q /f]u, :jKgbf]if ePdf!*_ sDd/ b'Vg], d"q /f]u, :jKgbf]if ePdf!*_ sDd/ b'Vg], d"q /f]u, :jKgbf]if ePdf!*_ sDd/ b'Vg], d"q /f]u, :jKgbf]if ePdf!*_ sDd/ b'Vg], d"q /f]u, :jKgbf]if ePdf

lkknsf] af]qmf @$ 306f kfgLdf lehfP/ df8]/


5fg]/ ld>L xfn]/ vfg] u/] Ps xKtfd} sDd/ b'Vg],d"q, /f]u, :jKgbf]if ;a} 7Ls x'G5 .!(_ ;'GgLPsf] leq x8\8L–x8\8L b'Vg]df!(_ ;'GgLPsf] leq x8\8L–x8\8L b'Vg]df!(_ ;'GgLPsf] leq x8\8L–x8\8L b'Vg]df!(_ ;'GgLPsf] leq x8\8L–x8\8L b'Vg]df!(_ ;'GgLPsf] leq x8\8L–x8\8L b'Vg]df

af]qmf kfgLdf lkg]/ 5fg]/ ;j{t !÷@ Unf; ld>Ldfvfg] u/]df 7Ls x'G5 .@)_ cfuf]n] kf]n]sf]df@)_ cfuf]n] kf]n]sf]df@)_ cfuf]n] kf]n]sf]df@)_ cfuf]n] kf]n]sf]df@)_ cfuf]n] kf]n]sf]df

lkknsf] af]qmfsf] w"nf] £o"df lkm6]/ kf]n]sf] 3fpdfnufpgfn] 7Ls x'G5 .@!_ ufO{ j:t'sf] 3fpdf@!_ ufO{ j:t'sf] 3fpdf@!_ ufO{ j:t'sf] 3fpdf@!_ ufO{ j:t'sf] 3fpdf@!_ ufO{ j:t'sf] 3fpdf

afv|f, ufO{, e}+;LnfO{ 3fp eP/ ls/f k/]sf] 5eg] lkknsf] af]qmfsf] w"nf] / a];f/ £o"df lkm6]/ 3fp;kmf u/L nufpg] / vfg] s'/fdf Ps rDrf xfnLvfg klg lbg] u/] l5§} lgsf] x'G5 .@@_ 5fnfsf] /f]u, n'tf], 3fp, vl6/f, bfbdf@@_ 5fnfsf] /f]u, n'tf], 3fp, vl6/f, bfbdf@@_ 5fnfsf] /f]u, n'tf], 3fp, vl6/f, bfbdf@@_ 5fnfsf] /f]u, n'tf], 3fp, vl6/f, bfbdf@@_ 5fnfsf] /f]u, n'tf], 3fp, vl6/f, bfbdf

lkknsf] kftsf] w"nf] / a];f/ a/fa/ u/Lgl/jnsf] t]ndf lkm6]/ nufpg] u/] 7Ls x'G5 .@#_ ljBfyL{ tyf ;a}sf] :d/0fzlQm a9fpg@#_ ljBfyL{ tyf ;a}sf] :d/0fzlQm a9fpg@#_ ljBfyL{ tyf ;a}sf] :d/0fzlQm a9fpg@#_ ljBfyL{ tyf ;a}sf] :d/0fzlQm a9fpg@#_ ljBfyL{ tyf ;a}sf] :d/0fzlQm a9fpg

lkknsf] af]qmfsf] w"nf] / ld>L a/fa/ u/L laxfga]n'sf !÷! rDrf b"w;Fu vfg] ug'{ :d/0fzlQmdf/fd|f] ;'wf/ x'g]5 .@$_ cfOdfO{sf] g5'g] gePdf@$_ cfOdfO{sf] g5'g] gePdf@$_ cfOdfO{sf] g5'g] gePdf@$_ cfOdfO{sf] g5'g] gePdf@$_ cfOdfO{sf] g5'g] gePdf

lkknsf] af]qmfsf] w"nf] / OldnLsf] u]8fsf] af]qmfsf]w"nf] kfgLdf lkg]/ !÷! rDrf !÷@ xKtf vfPdfdfl;s wd{ z'4 eO{ /fd|/L x'G5 si6 x'Fb}g .@%_ s]6fs]6Lsf] d'vdf vl6/f ePdf@%_ s]6fs]6Lsf] d'vdf vl6/f ePdf@%_ s]6fs]6Lsf] d'vdf vl6/f ePdf@%_ s]6fs]6Lsf] d'vdf vl6/f ePdf@%_ s]6fs]6Lsf] d'vdf vl6/f ePdf

lkknf] af]qmfsf] w"nf] dxdf lkm6]/ nufpg] tyf!÷! rDrf laxfg vfg] u/]df 7Ls x'G5 .@^_ ue{wf/0f gePdf@^_ ue{wf/0f gePdf@^_ ue{wf/0f gePdf@^_ ue{wf/0f gePdf@^_ ue{wf/0f gePdf

s_ lkknsf] slnnf] % j6f kft / h/f -h6f_ !6'qmf ! Unf; b"wdf ksfpg] / !÷@ Unf; ePkl5ld>L lkm6]/ vfg] dlxgfjf/L ePb]lv !% lbg;Ddvfg] u/]df uef{zo z'l4 eO{ ue{wf/0f x'g] w]/};Defjgf x'G5 .

v_ lkknsf] h6fsf] w"nf] ;v/df d'5]/ u'Rrfhqf] uf]nL agfO{ laxfg a]n'sf b"w;Fu dfl;s wd{ePsf] lbgb]lv !! lbg;Dd vfg] / To;}lbg ;+of]uug]{ .@&_ ax'nfxf ePdf@&_ ax'nfxf ePdf@&_ ax'nfxf ePdf@&_ ax'nfxf ePdf@&_ ax'nfxf ePdf

lkknsf] sf]lknf !) j6f ! Unf; b"wdf ksfpg'/ !÷$ Ujf; ePkl5 laxfg a]n'sf vfg lbPdfax'nfkgf 7Ls eP/ cfpF5 .

;DkfbsnfO{ lr7L;DkfbsnfO{ lr7L;DkfbsnfO{ lr7L;DkfbsnfO{ lr7L;DkfbsnfO{ lr7Lk|z'/fd, >L/fd / >Ls[i0f cjtf/af/]k|z'/fd, >L/fd / >Ls[i0f cjtf/af/]k|z'/fd, >L/fd / >Ls[i0f cjtf/af/]k|z'/fd, >L/fd / >Ls[i0f cjtf/af/]k|z'/fd, >L/fd / >Ls[i0f cjtf/af/]>Ldfg ;DkfbsHo",Hof]ltlj{1fg d~r,

eujfg\ >Lji0f'sf bz cjtf/dWo] k/z'/fd5}7f}F cjtf/, >L/fd ;ftf}F cjtf/ / >Ls[i0f cf7f}Fcjtf/ dflgPsf] 5 . h:t}– bz cjtf/ :t'lt:qf]t–

dT:o s'd{ a/fxZr g[l;+x jfdg :tyf ./fd /fdlt s[i0ffZr af}4sNsL gd:t't] ..!..>L/fd ;ftf}F cjtf/ xf], hgsk'/df ;Ltf

:joDe/ x'Fbf >L/fdn] lzj wg'if efFr]sf] sf/0fl/;n] r'/ eO{ >L/fdnfO{ gfgfefFtL ufnL u/]sf]JofVof /fdfo0fdf kfOG5 . bz cjtf/ :t'ltZnf]scg';f/ k/z'/fd 5}7f}F cjtf/ xf], ;f] 5}7f}Fcjtf/ ljlnog geO{ ;ftf}F cjtf/ >L/fd s;/Lk|s6 eof] / b'j} cjtf/ Ps} k6s e]6\d} jfbljjfbx'g uof] . of] eof] q]tfo'usf] s'/f .

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Astro-Science Forum -Volume 12

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