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ASTR 1040 ASTR 1040 AccelAccel Intro Astronomy 2: Intro Astronomy 2: Stars & GalaxiesStars & Galaxies

Spring 2011Spring 2011

Prof. Prof. JuriJuri ToomreToomreTA: Nicholas NelsonTA: Nicholas NelsonTR 9:30am, Duane GTR 9:30am, Duane G--125 125

+ M recitations (E+ M recitations (E--126: 9am, 10am, noon)126: 9am, 10am, noon)

Lecture 1 12 Jan 2010Lecture 1 12 Jan 2010Detailed course syllabus passed outDetailed course syllabus passed outzeus.colorado.edu/astr1040zeus.colorado.edu/astr1040--toomretoomre

Who should take this course?Who should take this course?

Prerequisites: Prerequisites: 1030 + calculus 11030 + calculus 1

Moderate amounts of Moderate amounts of quantitative workquantitative work(algebra + physics)(algebra + physics)

Course InformationCourse Information

COURSE WEB PAGE:COURSE WEB PAGE:zeus.colorado.eduzeus.colorado.edu/ astr1040/ astr1040--toomretoomre

Can find info on all Can find info on all assigmentsassigments(passed out in class), course (passed out in class), course calendar, calendar, lecture noteslecture notes, and other , and other links links

GradingGrading is shown on is shown on CULearnCULearn

How to succeed in this courseHow to succeed in this course•• GOT TO GOT TO PUT IN THE TIMEPUT IN THE TIME::

4 credits at CU 4 credits at CU 6 to 10 hours outside of 6 to 10 hours outside of classroom (no kidding) classroom (no kidding)

•• Read sections Read sections BEFOREBEFOREdiscussion in class discussion in class (secrets of memory)(secrets of memory)

•• Come see us during Come see us during office hours!office hours!

Planetarium sessionsPlanetarium sessions•• Several class meetings will be at Several class meetings will be at

Fiske Planetarium on campusFiske Planetarium on campus

Observatory NightsObservatory Nights

•• Starting nextStarting next Mon 24 Mon 24 JanJan at 7pm, then at 7pm, then about every 2 weeks about every 2 weeks (8 in all) (8 in all) –– signup for signup for two nights,two nights, one in one in group A, another in Bgroup A, another in B

•• SommersSommers--Bausch Bausch ObservatoryObservatory (next to (next to Fiske): 16Fiske): 16””, 18, 18””, 24, 24””telescopestelescopes

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Required TextRequired Text

The Cosmic PerspectiveThe Cosmic Perspectiveby Bennett et al., by Bennett et al., 66thth eded, (2010), (2010)

Includes:Includes:Access to textbook websiteAccess to textbook website

www.masteringastronomy.comwww.masteringastronomy.com

You will need your You will need your ownown account!account!Most Most homeworkshomeworks require itrequire it

Course:Course: ASTR1040TOOMRE2011ASTR1040TOOMRE2011

Read all course information in your Read all course information in your syllabus handout (after class)!syllabus handout (after class)!

ThreeThree inin--class class midmid--term examsterm exams ((m/cm/c, short , short essay, quantitative analysis):essay, quantitative analysis): 45%45%

HomeworkHomework + observing assignments:+ observing assignments: 20%20%

Final examFinal exam:: 25%25%

Clickers + discussion contributionsClickers + discussion contributions:: 10%10%

There are no makeThere are no make--up exams or late turnup exams or late turn--insins

ii--clickersclickers (radio frequency)(radio frequency)

•• RequiredRequired ---- bring to each class and recitation!bring to each class and recitation!

•• Register clicker to your nameRegister clicker to your name next Tuesnext Tues

•• Used for reading quizzes, inUsed for reading quizzes, in--class discussion class discussion questions, feedbackquestions, feedback

More on iMore on i--clickersclickers

•• CreditCredit starts next weekstarts next week

•• Graded 100% for correct Graded 100% for correct answer, 50% for any answeranswer, 50% for any answer

•• Your grades available online Your grades available online weekly weekly ((CULearnCULearn))

•• EE--register today or Tues in register today or Tues in class!class!

Important classroom policiesImportant classroom policies

•• Working together on homework is Working together on homework is encouragedencouraged, BUT:BUT:

•• Your answers must be in your own words Your answers must be in your own words ----exact copies will be awarded split creditexact copies will be awarded split credit

•• Note sources and whom you worked with on Note sources and whom you worked with on homeworkshomeworks

•• Using another personUsing another person’’s clicker is cheatings clicker is cheating

•• Students are expected to follow the CU Honor Students are expected to follow the CU Honor Code and behave with courtesy to the instructors Code and behave with courtesy to the instructors and their classmatesand their classmates

Beginning of TodayBeginning of Today’’s Classs Class

•• Course goalsCourse goals

•• Course overviewCourse overview

•• Course Course informationinformation

•• Introduction: Introduction: Sizes and ScalesSizes and Scales

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Develop a Develop a broad viewbroad view of of what we know about the what we know about the universeuniverse

Understand the forcesUnderstand the forces that that shape the universe and its shape the universe and its history history

Help you understand Help you understand how how we can figure all this outwe can figure all this out

Appreciate the beautyAppreciate the beauty and and richness of what goes onrichness of what goes on

Course GoalsCourse Goals Course Overview:Course Overview: What we shall studyWhat we shall study

•• Vast range of Vast range of SIZES and SCALESSIZES and SCALES: finding : finding our wayour way through the universethrough the universe

Light Light (Electromagnetic Radiation)(Electromagnetic Radiation)

•• What is lightWhat is light??

•• How do How do we use itwe use itto find out what to find out what and where things and where things are?are?

•• Waves Waves vsvs particlesparticles

TelescopesTelescopes (Tools of the Trade)(Tools of the Trade)

Our Nearest Star :Our Nearest Star : The SunThe Sun

Star in middleStar in middleof its life on MSof its life on MS

STARSSTARS of of very many very many sizes and sizes and

colorscolors

Evolution path andEvolution path andcolor / brightness color / brightness Depends on Depends on MASSMASS

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STELLARSTELLAR Birth and LifeBirth and Life STAR DEATH:STAR DEATH: white dwarfs, white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holesneutron stars and black holes

OUR GALAXY :OUR GALAXY : The Milky WayThe Milky Way

200+ billion stars in MW200+ billion stars in MW

Exploring aExploring a Universe of GALAXIESUniverse of GALAXIES

100 Billion+ galaxies!100 Billion+ galaxies!

GALACTIC evolutionGALACTIC evolution

Galaxy collisions, quasarsGalaxy collisions, quasars

Dark matterDark matter, dark energy and , dark energy and fate of universefate of universe

LensingLensing

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BIG BANGBIG BANG beginningbeginning Specific Topics for Today + Specific Topics for Today + ThurThur

•• Nature of astronomy as a scienceNature of astronomy as a science

•• Scientific method:Scientific method: we observe, hypothesize, we observe, hypothesize, test its predictions, maybe fix it and try againtest its predictions, maybe fix it and try again

•• Light as waves (and as particles)Light as waves (and as particles)

•• Special colors of light associated with each Special colors of light associated with each elementelement

•• Homework 1Homework 1 passed out todaypassed out today

Homework Set 1Homework Set 1

•• Part A Part A involves going to book website, after login involves going to book website, after login `joining our class`joining our class’’ ((ASTR1040TOOMRE2011ASTR1040TOOMRE2011, as in , as in syllabus), doing the syllabus), doing the `̀AssigmentAssigment 1: Light & 1: Light & SpectroscopySpectroscopy’’ using elements from Chap 5 while using elements from Chap 5 while having your performance ehaving your performance e--recorded (can repeat as recorded (can repeat as often as wish). Complete by often as wish). Complete by ThurThur 20 Jan. 20 Jan. (Most (Most homeworkshomeworks out Tues out Tues –– back next Tues)back next Tues)

•• Part BPart B involves completing the involves completing the `Energy Level `Energy Level Diagrams & Spectral LinesDiagrams & Spectral Lines’’ problem sheet passed problem sheet passed out in class today. Due next out in class today. Due next ThurThur in class, no in class, no lateslates. .

For next class meeting, read:For next class meeting, read:

How to Succeed How to Succeed in this course, p. xxiv+in this course, p. xxiv+•• Chapter Chapter 11, all, all (Our Place in Universe)(Our Place in Universe)•• Review Review Basic AstronomicalBasic Astronomical terms, p. 6terms, p. 6•• Chapter Chapter 22, review all, review all (Motion of Stars, Seasons)(Motion of Stars, Seasons)•• Chap 3, sec Chap 3, sec 3.43.4 (Nature of Science)(Nature of Science)•• Chap Chap 4, review all4, review all (Making Sense of Universe)(Making Sense of Universe)•• Begin reading Chap Begin reading Chap 5, carefully5, carefully (Light and Matter)(Light and Matter)

•• You can get a copy of these slides after class from You can get a copy of these slides after class from course website (can be helpful)course website (can be helpful)

ELEMENTSELEMENTSOF OF

ASTRONOMYASTRONOMYFUNDAMENTALFUNDAMENTALASSUMPTIONSASSUMPTIONS

(always being tested)(always being tested)

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COPERNICANCOPERNICANPRINCIPLEPRINCIPLE

CopernicusCopernicus(1473(1473--1543)1543) ATOMS BEHAVEATOMS BEHAVE

THE SAMETHE SAMEEVERYWHEREEVERYWHERE

(we hope, and(we hope, andkeep testing)keep testing)

GRAVITY ACTSGRAVITY ACTSEVERYWHEREEVERYWHERE

UNIVERSALITYUNIVERSALITYOF `LAWSOF `LAWS’’

What is light ?What is light ?

A.A. Light is a wave, like sound only much faster Light is a wave, like sound only much faster

B.B. Light is like little bullets. Each one is a Light is like little bullets. Each one is a photonphoton

C.C. Light is the absence of darkLight is the absence of dark

D.D. A kind of energy we A kind of energy we model model with some of the with some of the properties of waves and some properties of properties of waves and some properties of particlesparticles

E.E. Light is the sensation you feel when hit by Light is the sensation you feel when hit by energy, visible or invisibleenergy, visible or invisible

D.D.SCIENTIFIC `LAWSSCIENTIFIC `LAWS’’ areareconstantly being tested constantly being tested

FOURFOURFUNDAMENTALFUNDAMENTALFORCESFORCES

(at work everywhere,(at work everywhere,we assume and test)we assume and test)