Structural Welded Wire Reinforcement Extends the Horizon for Concrete Construction Welded wire reinforcement (WWR)The average quantity of Concrete Superstructure (in-place deck and parapet) placed in Illinois from 1996-1998 was 481.9 cubic meters (368.4 cubic yards). The statewide average cost for Concrete Superstructure for 1996-1998 was $873.50 per cubic meter ($667.79 per cubic yard). Using the above prices, the estimated cost of the grid vibration process for an average structure is between 3.75 and 3.95 percent of the average cost of Concrete Superstructure. For an average project, the cost increase would be $9,471.53. Given that the average bridge superstructure cost is just over $246,000, it appears that grid vibration adds very little to the cost of the finished deck. Since Concrete Superstructure is only part of the total cost of a project, the impact on a typical bridge rehabilitation project is low. (http://www.ctre.iastate.edu/pubs/midcon/South.pdf)

ASTM Standard Reinforcing Bars

Soft Metric Size

Nom Diam( mm)

Area (mm2 ) 

Weight FactorsImperial

 SizeNom Diam 

(inches)Area in2

Weight Factors

kg/m kg/ft lb/ft lb/m

10 9.5 71 .560 .171 3 .375 .11 .376 1.234

13 12.7 129 .994 .303 4 .500 .20 .668 2.192

16 15.9 199 1.552 .473 5 .625 .31 1.043 3.422

19 19.1 284 2.235 .681 6 .750 .44 1.502 4.928

22 22.2 387 3.042 .927 7 .875 .60 2.044 6.706

25 25.4 510 3.973 1.211 8 1.000 .79 2.670 8.760

29 28.7 645 5.060 1.542 9 1.128 1.00 3.400 11.155

32 32.3 819 6.404 1.952 10 1.270 1.27 4.303 14.117

36 35.8 1006 7.907 2.410 11 1.410 1.56 5.313 17.431

43 43.0 1452 11.384 3.470 14 1.693 2.25 7.650 25.098

57 57.3 2581 20.239 6.169 18 2.257 4.00 13.600 44.619

Comparison of Steel Grades

Soft Metric Imperial

Grade MPa Psi Grade MPa Psi

300 300 43,511 40 257.79 40,000

420 420 60,716 60 413.69 60,000

520 520 75,420 75 517.11 75,000

Conversion Factors

To Metric To Imperial

1/8 inch = 3.175 mm  

1 inch = 25.4 mm 1 mm = 0.0394 inches

1 foot = 304.8 mm 1 meter = 3.2808 feet

1000 ft2 = 92.903 m2 100 m2 = 1076.39 ft2

1000 ft3 = 28.317 m3 10m3 = 353.14 ft3

1000 gal = 3.7854 m3 10m3 = 2.641.73

1 pound = 0.4536 kg 1 kg = 2.2046 pounds

1 psf = 4.88243 kg/m2 10 kg/m2 = 2.048 psf

1 pcf = 16.019 kg/m3 10 kg/m3 = 0.624 pcf

short ton = 907.18 kg(2000 lbs.)

0.90718 = 2000 poundstonne

long ton = 1016 kg(2240 lbs.)

1 tonne = 2204.6 pounds

1000 psi = 6.8948 MPa 1 MPa = 145.0368 psi

Newton (N) = kg m/s2 = kilograms x 9.80665Pascal (Pa) = N/m2

Recommended End Hooks - All Grades

Soft Metric Size

mm

Imperial Size

Inches

D90°Hooks 180° Hooks

D90°Hooks 180° Hooks

A or G A or G J A or G A or G J

10 60 150 125 80 3 2.25 6 5 3

13 80 200 150 105 4 3.0 8 6 4

16 95 250 175 130 5 3.75 10 7 5

19 115 300 200 155 6 4.50 12 8 6

22 135 375 250 180 7 5.25 14 10 7

25 155 425 275 205 8 6.0 16 11 8

29 240 475 375 300 9 9.50 19 15 11.75

32 275 550 425 335 10 10.75 22 17 13.25

36 305 600 475 375 11 12.0 24 19 14.75

43 465 775 675 550 14 18.25 31 27 21.75

57 610 1050 925 725 18 24.0 41 36 28.50

Stirrup and Tie Hooks - All Grades (General)

Soft Size

mm

Imperial Size

Inches

D

90° Hooks

135° HooksD

90° Hooks

135° Hooks

A or G A or G H approx A or G A or G H approx

10 40 105 105 65 3 1.50 4 4 2.5

13 50 115 115 80 4 2.00 4.5 4.5 3

16 65 155 140 95 5 2.50 6 5.5 3.75

19 115 305 205 115 6 4.50 12 8 4.5

22 135 355 230 135 7 5.25 14 9 5.25

25 155 410 270 155 8 6.00 16 10.5 6

Stirrup and Tie Hooks - All Grades (Seismic)

Soft Metric Size

mm

Imperial Size

Inches

D135° Seismic

D135° Seismic

A or G H approx A or G H approx

10 40 110 80 3 1.50 4.25 3

13 50 115 80 4 2.00 4.5 3

16 65 140 95 5 2.50 5.5 3.75

19 115 205 115 6 4.50 8 4.5

22 135 230 135 7 5.25 9 5.25

25 155 270 155 8 6.00 10.5 6

Uncoated Seven Wire Low-Relaxation Steel Strand for Prestressed ConcreteAccording to ASTM A 416

 Diameter Area

Weight

Breaking Strength

Min. Load at 1% Extension

(1)

Min. Elongation to

Fracture

Relaxation 1,000 h Min. Difference

between center & outer wire

lb/1000

ft

kg/1000m

70% CR80% CR

in mm in2 mm2 lbf KN lbf KN % % % in mm

Grade 250

3/8 9.53 0.080 51.61 272 405 20,000 89.0 18,000 80.1 3.5 2.5 3.5 0.002 0.0508

7/16 11.11 0.108 69.68 367 548 27,000 120.1 24,300 108.1 3.5 2.5 3.5 0.0025 0.0635

1/2 12.70 0.144 92.90 490 730 36,000 160.1 32,400 144.1 3.5 2.5 3.5 0.003 0.0762

0.6 15.24 0.216 139.35 737 1,094 54,000 240.2 48,600 216.2 3.5 2.5 3.5 0.004 0.1016

Grade 270

3/8 9.53 0.085 54.84 290 432 23,000 102.3 20,700 92.1 3.5 2.5 3.5 0.002 0.0508

7/16 11.11 0.115 74.19 390 582 31,000 137.9 27,900 124.1 3.5 2.5 3.5 0.0025 0.0635

1/2 12.70 0.153 98.71 520 775 41,300 183.7 37,170 165.3 3.5 2.5 3.5 0.003 0.0762

0.6 15.24 0.217 140.00 740 1,102 58,600 260.7 52,740 234.6 3.5 2.5 3.5 0.004 0.1016

SPE-CIAL

STD 9/16 14.28 0.191 123.44 651 989 51,700 229.8 46,530 206.8 3.5 2.5 3.5 0.0035 0.0889

SUPER

1/2 12.70 0.162 104.3 550 819 45,000 200 40,500 180.0 3.5 2.5 3.5 0.0030 0.0762

9/16 14.28 0.194 125.1 660 982 54,000 240 48,600 216.0 3.5 2.5 3.5 0.0035 0.0889