ASTM STANDARD - 3ppipe3ppipe.com/documents/3p2-PRINT.pdf · ASTM STANDARD PVC, CPVCPIPES &...

ASTM STANDARDPVC, CPVCPIPES & FITTINGS

INDEX

Foreward

3P Pipe Commitment

Technical Service

Material properties and performance

Fittingd properties

Pipes and fittings standards

3P Pipe recommendes good site practice

3P - UPVC pipes properties

3P - CPVC pipes properties

3P Fittings Schedule 40

3P Fittings Schedule 80

3P CPVC Fittings Schedule 80

3P CPVC Fittings Schedule 80 Brass

3P Guide of cutting and Glueing pipes

& Fittings

Table of Chemical Resistance

4

5

6-8

9

10 - 11

12

13

15

16 - 24

25 - 31

32 - 35

36 - 38

39 - 41

45

46 - 50

4

3P Gulf Group is one of the biggest plastics converting group in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, man-aged by a professional Team which has 45 years of successful history in setting up industrial ven-tures especially in the field of plastics. The Group, under its umbrella covers many familiar names like Gulf Packaging System (GPS), Prime Plastic Products Co. (3P) stretch Films Co. 3P Sanitary Solution (3P PIPE).

3P PIPE has decided to have total solutton for sanitary system from which it can provide true and reliable products to meet the customer requirement from time to time.

3P PIPE was established in the year 2009 ass the most located at Phase 5 of the industrial city Jeddah. We are the leading manufacturers of PVC, CPVC pipe and Fittings under the brand name 3P 3P Pipe has specialized in UPVC and CPVC products for over 17 years, priding itself in offering quality products and service to its customer in Egypt Gulf Manufactures (GM), Dubai (RAKtherm), When you need a company to fit your needs, 3P sanitary solution is there. It covers a facility area of 35,000 sqm with annual production capacity of 50,000 MT. The corporate members enjoy the awareness of latest technology and modern techniques of factory administration.

3P Pipe solution is basically an offshoot of 3P Gulf Group (previously known as Gulf Packaging Group) has started with various advanced technological equipment / manchinery and have been following the required international quality Standard like ASTM, DIN, BS, ISO, etc. 3P is model fac-tory equipped with the most advanced latest technology injection molding machine and extrusion machinery available. The facility also includes a fully equipped laboratory for the routine testing of all pipes and fittings produced at our factory, This ensures that 3P Pipes comply with both Saudi Arabian and International standards.

3P PIPE is the leading manufacturer of PVC & CPVC Pipes and Fitting rangs from 1/2 inch to 8 inch its aim to supply highest quality products consistent with customer’s satisfaction and applicable standards. . 3P Pipe facilitate research and development technical service team with qualified en-gineers for continuous improvement in every fuctional area and gaining customer confidence in its products through services offer before, during and after sales and participation in the national economy development. 3P Pipe is committed to the welfare and development of Saudi Arabia and gulf countries by introducing high quality products to the end user.

3P Pipe has also the technical ability to produce PVC compound in house from its initial raw ma-terials with accurancy of mixing process as for the needs of its valued customers and to meet the standards.

FOREWORD

5

To be an integrated supplier of value added products and services that are technologically appropri-ate and capable of meeting the market needs in a most satisfied and professional manner.

3P pipe has all infrastructures under one roof where it is capable of meeting the require¬ments of the local and export markets in a most professional way. It is committed to use only the highly recom-mended / qualified raw materials and additives to produce quality products.

Our Values:

1. Commitment excellence 2. Customer driven 3. Integrity 4. Team work and involvement 5. Safety 6. Mutual trust and respect

MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILTYAND QUALITY POLICY:

At 3P PIPE, we are committed to:

•Assess the quality of raw materials, semi finished goods and the final products at different stages of the production process.• Ensure that the whole production process operates according to the desired standards, and incase of any deviation(s), necessary corrective action would be taken.• Suggest measures and plans to improve the standard of goods produced without much of costescalation.• Develop quality consciousness among the various sections for our industrial units.• Providing products of excellent quality that are consistent with the requirement and expectationsof our customers.• Implementing and maintaining an effective quality management system.• Starting for a right time approach to manufacture and commit on the delivery of products.

COMMITMENT

6

Flexibility

Mechanical Strength

Impact Strength

Fire Proofing

Easy To Install

Corrosion Resistance

Resistance To Biological Attack And Growth

Resistance To Abrasion

Sanitary

3P Pipe has well equipped technical service department having qualified engineers to provide free technical advice to civil engineers, contractors, etc, about its products - UPVC, CPVC and PE Pipes and their application.

3P PIPE also conducts site demonstrations and training to help technicians in handling and joining of PVC CPVC and PE pipes and fittings. Direct substitu-tion of UPVC, CPVC and PE pipes in place of tradi¬tional pipes (steel) without the knowledge of the most efficient methods of their use can never yield their desired result. Overall advantages and economies are best achieved when uPVC, CPVC, and PE pipes are used correctly.

TECHNICAL SERVICE

Advantages Of 3P Pipes

7

Flexibility:3P UPVC pipes are regarded as very flexible when properly installed in a trench using suitable bed-ding and backfill, to withstand reasonable displacement in the pipeline without fracture or great de-formation. Also, they have a sufficient resistance to bending which may arise from the movement of un-rigid soils. This property will cause ease in installation and needn’t required of building concrete

foundations to prevent breakage.

Mechanical Strength:3PUPVC pipes have great modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, compressive strength and relative hardness compared with other polyolefm systems as they have more ability to withstand loads and lower tendency to flatten under pressure.3P UPVC pipes have a great ability to withstand external static loads yielded from soil layers and mechanical loads.Also for their higher mechanical strengths, 3P UPVC pipes can withstand the same working pres-sure with lower wall thicknesses than the other polyolefin’s pipes for the same size, yielding in larger inside diameter and hence lower pressure drop and lower energy loss especially for long system.

Impact Strength:3P UPVC pipes have great impact strength over their corresponding cast iron or clay pipes, which cut losses arising from the breakage due to mishandling during transportation, installation etc.

Fire Proofing:3P UPVC pipes will not support combustion, and flames are unable to spread and travel through them according to their high oxygen index value which is a great advantage and hence the pipes are categorized as fire retardant.

TECHNICAL SERVICE

Non Toxic:3P UPVC pipes are produced from non-toxic materials, which guarantee its use in drinking water without harm. Also, UPVC pipes will not impair the taste, smell or cool of water or any other liquid and don’t permit the growth of bacteria or parasites.

8

Easy to Install:3P UPVC pipes reduce transportation, handling, and installation costs. They have smooth seamless interior walls. They required no special tools or skilled personal, PVC pipes are easier to install than the cast iron Pipes.

Corrosion Resistance:3P UPVC pipes being a non-conductor are totally resistant to all types of galvanic and electrome¬chanical influences which might corrode it. Being non-metallic, 3P UPVC pipes is re-sistant to any type of corrosion caused by water as well as a large range of industrial liquids and chemicals from high sulphate soils as well as low hardness water also does not threaten it. This in turn translates into a longer installed life of the 3P UPVC pipes system.

Resistance to Biological Attack and Growth:3P UPVC pipes are completely resistant to any microscopic life that it might be exposed to. It does not offer a nourishing source to any bacterial life from and is completely guaranteed to withstand any such growth.

Resistance to Abrasion:3P UPVC pipes are highly resistant to abrasion due to stress from abrasion fluids of excessive pres¬sure. Tests have shown that 3P UPVC pipes are up to 2.5 times more resistant to abrasions

when compared to steel.

Sanitary:3P UPVC pipes are entirely non-toxic. It will not affect the taste, smell or color of water or liquid nor react with any liquid to cause a precipitant.

TECHNICAL SERVICE

9

MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE

The following are the main physical and thermal properties of the uPVC and CPVC material.

Note:• UPVC and CPVC pipes are a non conductor of electricity and also non subject

galvanic of electrolytic attack.• Electrical equipments should not be earthen to UPVC and CPVC pipes.• UPVC and CPVC pipes should not be used for compressed air or gas.• UPVC and CPVC pipes are intended to use for water and approved chemicals

only.

General PropertiesMATERIAL UPVC UNITS CPVC

Specific Gravity 1.42 g/m3 1.55Water Absorption <4.0 mg/cm° <4.0

Flammability Will not support combustionSpecific Heat 0.25 Cal/g°c 0.29Softening Point >80°c Centigrade >93°c

Thermal PropertiesMATERIAL UPVC UNITS CPVC

Thermal Conductivity 0.13 Kcal/mh°c .14Coefficient of linear Expansion 2.9 x 10-3 ln/in/°F 3.4x10-5

Tensile Strength 7000 Psi 8000Compressive Strength 9600 Psi 10000Ffexural Strength 950 Kgf/cm2 1020Izod Impact 140° Ft.lbs/in 1.5

Electrical PropertiesMATERIAL UPVC UNITS CPVC

Modulus of Elasticity in tension 400,000 Psi 360,000Volume of Resistivity Power 1014 Ohm/cm 1015

Factor at 60 Cycle Max. 1.255 % 0.007Service Temp. 140° F 210°

10

FITTINGS PROPERTIES

Colour:Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) pipes are available in Grey and White colour (other colours are available on customer request).

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipes are available in light Grey colour.

Fittings are Available in Following Colours: Schedule 40 PVC fittings White Schedule 80 PVC Fittings Dark Grey Schedule 80 CPVC Fittings Light Grey PVC non pressure pipe fittings Golden Brown.

Why PVC and CPVC used for 3P Pipes & Fittings?The PVC and CPVC compound used for 3P pipe and fittings are selected for their non-toxic proper¬ties which make them suitable for use with portable water systems.

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride):Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most widely used thermo-plastic material used for pipes and fittings. PVC has been used successfully many years in such areas as chemical processing, portable water line, industrial plating, drainage, and electrical insulation and irrigation systems. The maximum service temperature of PVC is 140°F it cat} be used for injection molding extrusion and blow molding thermoforming.

PVC characterized by high physical policy and resistance to corrosion and chemical item by acids, al-kalis salt solutions and many other chemicals. Grade used in plastic piping system, Type 1, Grade 1, PVC ( cell classification 12454-B) conforming to ASTM D-1784 is superior with respect to the above properties.PVC has the highest long term hydro static strength at 73°F of any of the major thermo-plastic being using for piping systems. PVC is joined by solvent cementing, threading and flanging.

PVC material is used for plumbing system to manufacture pipe and fittings by injection molding and extrusion process. PVC pipes are used underground are above ground in buildings. PVC material is resistant to many ordinary chemicals such as acids, bases, salts and oxidants.

11

PVC pipes and fittings are used for following advantages.

• Easy to install and handle. • Provide long service life. • Cost effective. • Environmentally friendly. • Corrosion resistant.

CPVC (Chlorinated poly vinyl chloride):

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is a thermo plastic material used for pipes and fittings for higher temperature applications It has good dimension stability, excellent chemical resistance, good elec¬trical properties. It is used for hot and cold water distributions the maximum service tempera-ture of CPVC is 210°F. Type 4, Grade 1 CPVC (cell classifications 23477-B) conforming at 73°F similar to those of PVC and its chemicals resistance is similar to or generally better than that of PVC. Over period of about 25 years proven to be an excellent material for hot corrosive liquids, hot and cold water distribution.

CPVC material is used for plumbing system to manufacture pipe and fittings by injection molding and extrusion process. CPVC piping which is suitable for hot and cold water distribution has a 400 PSI pressure rating at room temperature and 100 PSI pressure rating at 180°F.

Since CPVC material do not support combustion they cannot burn without an external fuel source this properties makes CPVC pipe and fittings an attractive, alternative to steel and copper. CPVC fire sprinkler piping system is approved for lights hazard applications.

CPVC pipes and fittings are used because of following advantages. • Easy to install and handle. • Provide long service life. • Cost effective. • Environmentally friendly. • Corrosion resistant.

FITTINGS PROPERTIES

12

PIPES AND FITTINGS STANDARDS

3P UPVC and CPVC pipes and fittings are manufactured according to ASTM standard (American society for testing and materials). 3P pipes and fittings are available under the brand name 3P.

ASTM D- 1784:This specification covers Rigid PVC and CPVC compounds used for pipe ex-trusion and molded fittings.

ASTM D- 1785:It covers the UPVC pipe requirements and test methods for schedule 40 and schedule 80.

ASTM D- 2466:It covers schedule 40 UPVC plain socket pressure fittings.

ASTM D- 2467:It covers Schedule 80 UPVC plain socket pressure fittings.

ASTM D- 1784:It covers Schedule 80 UPVC threaded socket pressure fittings.

ASTM F-441:It covers Schedule 80 CPVC pressure pipes.

ASTM F-441:It covers Schedule 80 CPVC socket pressure fittings.

ASTM D- 2665:It covers Schedule 40 DWV-UPVC pipes.

NOTE:3P CPVC pipes for hot water application is manufactured from 1/2 inch to 2 inch these pipes are available in standard length of 6 meters.3P UPVC pipes are manufactured from !/2 inch to 8 inch these pipes are available in standard length of 6 meters. Other lengths are considered on customer’s request.

13

Recommended Good Si te Practice

Handling:• Take all necessary care when handling PVC and CPVC fittings and pipes.• For lifting purpose do not use metal chain and hooks.• Used protective slings and padded supports.• Store 3P pipe solvent cement and cleaning fluid in a cool place out of direct sun light and away from any heat source.• While transport pipe should be arranged safely on trucks avoiding crossing, bending and over-stocking.• The pipe must be cut with a fine saw. Big saw teeth would damage the pipes. The cut has to be vertical.• The pipe end should be smoothly chamfered to an angle of 15° to ensure better jointing and avoid damaging therubber ring.• It is not recommended to shorten the fittings as it could result in defective joints.• Connected pipes and fittings need to be fitted straight. Otherwise it could result in leakage at seal-ing points.• For threaded connections always used Teflon tape or approved paste thread sealant.

Future Products of 3P Pipe:• Flush Tank.• Outflow Wve.Inlet “Valve.• Electrical Conduits Fittings.• Toilet seat Cover.• Strainer.• Mirror Frames

14

THE LARGEST PIPE MANUFACTURER

IN THE MIDDEL EAST

15

Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC)

GENERAL PROPERTIES

a. Specific Gravity 1.42gm/cm3

b. Water Absorption 4 gm/cm2

c. Flammabili ty wil l not support combustion

THERMAL PROPERTIESa. Softening Point 80°C

b. Specific Heat 0.25cal/°C

c. Thermal Conductivity 0.13cal/cm-h-°C

d. Coefficient of Linear Expansion 6.7x10-5°C

e. Elongation at Break 10-50%

MECHANICAL PROPERTIESa. Ultimate Tensile Strength 475 - 525 kgf/cm2

b. Compressive Strength 670kgf/cm2

c. Flexural Strength 950 kgf/cm2

d. Impact Strength 4-4.5 joules

e. Modulus of Elasticity 3.2x10 kgf/cm

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIESa. Volume Resistivi ty 1014ohm/cm

b. Surface Resistivi ty 10l2ohm/cm

c. Power Factor (at 10 cycles; 3.0

UPVC is a non-conductor of electricity and also non-subject to galvanic or electrolytic attack. Electrical equipments should not be earthened to (UPVC) pipes.

COLOUR

White, Iron Grey, Cement Grey, Orange Brown.

MATERIAL

UPVC PIPES PROPERTIES

16

Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)

GENERAL PROPERTIES

a. Specific Gravity 1.56 gm/cm3

b. Water Absorption 7 gm/cm2

c. Flammabili ty wil l not support combustion

THERMAL PROPERTIESa. Softening Point 93°C

b. Coefficient of Linear Expansion 5.3 x10-5°C

MECHANICAL PROPERTIESa. Ultimate Tensile Strength 575 kgf/cm2

c. Flexural Strength 1018 kgf/cm2

d. Impact Strength 11 joules

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIESa. Volume Resistivi ty 1014ohm/cm

b. Surface Resistivi ty 10l2ohm/cm

c. Power Factor (at 10 cycles; 3.0

UPVC is a non-conductor of electricity and also non-subject to galvanic or electrolytic attack. Electrical equipments should not be earthened to (UPVC) pipes.

COLOUR

Dusty Grey and light Ivory

MATERIAL

CPVC PIPES PROPERTIES

17

Normal Size(inch)

Outside Diameter(mm)

SCHEDULE 40PressureRating

S C H E D U L E 8 0PressureRatingWall Thickness (mm) Wall Thickness (mm)

MIN MAX MIN MAX PSI MIN MAX PSI

1/2 21.24 21.44 2.77 3.28 600 3.73 4.24 850

3/4 26.57 26.77 2.87 3.38 480 3.91 4.42 690

1 33.27 33.53 3.38 3.89 450 4.55 5.08 630

1 - 1/4 42.03 42.29 3.56 4.07 370 4.85 5.43 520

1 - 1/2 48.11 48.41 3.86 4.19 330 5.08 5.68 470

2 60.17 60.47 3.91 4.42 280 5.54 6.20 400

2 - 1/2 72.84 73.20 5.16 5.77 300 7.01 7.85 420

3 88.70 89.10 5.49 6.15 260 6.62 8.53 370

4 114.07 114.53 6.02 6.73 220 8.56 9.58 320

6 168.00 168.56 7.11 7.97 180 10.97 12.29 280

8 218.70 219.46 8.18 9.17 160 12.70 14.22 250

10 272.67 273.43 9.27 10.39 140 15.06 16.86 230

ASTM D - 1785SCHEDULE 40 & 80Pressure application

Standard Leghth : 4,5.8 & 6 meters

Color : Schedule 40 - White

Schedule 80 - Grey

Socket Type : Solvent weld & Plain End

Pressure Rating @ 23o C

Note: Will be manufactured as PVC-1 120

18

ASTM D - 2241 - SDR SERIESPressure application

Standard Leghth : 5,8.& 6 meters

Color : WhiteSocket Type : Solvent Weld & Plain End



Normal Size (inch)

Outside Diameter (mm)

SDR 41 SDR 32.5 SDR 26 SDR 21 SDR17 SDR 13.5

100 PSI 125 PSI 160 PSI 200 PSI 250 PSI 315 PSI

Wall Thickness (mm)

Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max

1/2 21.24 21.44 1.57 2.08

3/4 26.57 26.77 1.52 2.03 1.57 2.08 1.98 2.49

1 33.27 33.53 1.52 2.03 1.60 2.11 1.96 2.46 2.46 2.97

1 - 1/4 42.03 42.29 1.52 2.03 1.63 2.13 2.01 2.52 2.49 3.00 3.12 3.63

1 - 1/2 48.11 48.41 1.52 2.03 1.85 2.36 2.29 2.80 2.84 3.35 3.58 4.09

2 60.17 60.47 1.85 2.36 2.31 2.82 2.87 3.38 3.56 4.06 4.47 4.96

3 88.70 89.10 2.16 2.67 2.74 3.25 3.43 3.94 4.24 4.75 5.23 5.87 6.58 7.37

4 114.07 114.53 2.80 3.30 3.51 4.01 4.39 4.90 5.44 6.10 6.73 7.54 8.46 9.47

6 168.00 168.56 4.11 4.62 5.18 5.79 6.48 7.26 8.03 9.00 9.91 11.10 12.47 13.97

8 218.70 219.46 5.33 5.97 6.73 7.54 8.43 9.45 10.41 11.66 12.90 14.45

19

ASTM PIPES WITH SMOOTH COUPLING

D1NORMAL

InchD1 S1 D2 Lb

Class O Class B Class C Class D Class E

3/8 17.0 +0.3 1.5 +0.4 17.1+0.2 20

1/2 21.2 +0.3 1.7 +0.4 21.3 +0.2 25

3/4 26.6 +0.3 1.9 +0.5 26.7 +0.2 30

1 33.4 +0.3 2.2 +0.5 33.5 +0.2 33

1 1/4 42.1 +0.3 2.2 +0.5 2.7 +0.5 42.2 +0.2 42

1 1/2 48.1 +0.3 1.8 +0.4 2.5 +0.5 3.1 +0.6 48.2 +0.2 48

2 60.2 +0.3 1.8 +0.4 2.5 +0.5 3.1 +0.6 3.9 +0.6 60.3 +0.2 60

2 1/2 75.0 +0.6 1.8 +0.4 3.0 +0.5 3.9 +0.6 4.8 +0.7 75.1 +0.2 70

3 88.7 +0.4 1.8 +0.4 2.9 +0.5 3.5 +0.6 4.6 +0.7 5.7 +0.9 88.8 +0.3 78

4 114.1 +0.4 2.3 +0.5 3.4 +0.6 4.5 +0.7 6.0 +0.9 7.3 +0.11 114.2 +0.3 92

5 140.0 +0.4 2.6 +0.5 3.8 +0.6 5.5 +0.9 7.3 +1.1 9.0 +1.4 140.1 +0.3 109

6 168.0 +0.5 3.1 +0.6 4.5 +0.7 6.6 +1.0 8.8 +1.4 10.8 +1.7 168.2 +0.3 123

8 218.8 +0.5 3.1 +0.6 5.3 +0.8 7.8 +1.2 10.3 +1.6 12.6 +1.9 219.0 +0.4 158

10 272.6 +0.8 3.1 +0.6 6.6 +1.0 9.7 +1.5 12.8 +2.0 15.7 +2.4 272.8 +0.6 190

12 323.4 +0.9 3.1 +0.6 7.8 +1.2 11.5 +1.8 15.2 +2.3 18.7 +2.9 323.7 +0.6 210

14 355.0 +1.0 3.6 +0.6 5.8 +1.3 12.6 +1.9 16.7 +2.5 20.5 +3.1 355.4 +0.6 238

16 405.9 +1.0 4.1 +0.7 9.7 +1.5 14.5 +2.2 19.0 +2.9 23.4 +3.8 406.3 +0.7 265

18 456.7 +1.0 4.6 +0.7 11.0 +1.7 16.3 +2.5 21.4 +3.3 457.1 +0.7 295

20 507.5 +1.0 5.1 +0.8 12.2 +1.9 18.1 +2.8 507.9 +0.7 325

24 609.1 +1.0 6.1 +1.0 14.6 +2.2 21.7 +3.3 609.5 +0.8 400

20

ASTM F 441 / F 441MSCHEDULE 40 & 80Chlorinated UPVC pressure pipesfor Hot water application

Normal Size(inch)

Outside Diameter(mm)

SCHEDULE 40 SCHEDULE 40

Wall Thickness (mm) Pressure Rating (psi) Wall Thickness (mm) Pressure Rating (psi)

MIN MAX MIN MAX 23o C 82

o C MIN MAX 23

o C 82

o C

1/2 21.20 21.40 2.77 3.28 600 150 3.73 4.24 850 210

3/4 26.60 26.80 2.87 3.38 480 120 3.91 4.42 690 170

1 33.27 33.53 3.38 3.89 450 110 4.55 5.58 630 155

1 - 1/4 42.03 42.29 3.56 4.06 370 90 4.85 5.44 520 130

1 - 1/2 48.15 48.45 3.68 4.19 330 80 5.08 5.69 470 115

2 60.15 60.45 3.91 4.42 280 70 5.54 6.20 400 100

2 - 1/2 72.84 73.18 5.16 5.77 300 75 7.01 7.85 420 105

3 88.70 89.10 5.49 6.15 260 65 7.62 8.53 370 90

4 114.07 114.53 6.02 6.73 220 55 8.56 9.58 320 80

6 168.02 168.58 7.11 7.97 180 45 10.97 12.29 280 70

8 218.72 219.48 8.18 9.17 160 40 12.70 14.22 250 60

Standard Leghth : 4,8 & 6 meters

Color : Schedule 40 - Light Grey or White

Schedule 80 - Light Grey

Socket Type : Nill



CHLORINATED POLY VYNll CHLORibl (CPVC) this is thermo plastic piping material which can be used for higher temperature applications. This is a special polymer with a higher class transition point extending the advantages over regular UPVC pipes.

213 P F I T T I N G S

BSEN 1401 / 1329 ASTM D-2466 ASTM D-2467 ASTM F 439

BSEN 1401 / 1329 ASTM D-2466 ASTM D-2467 ASTM F 439

22

S C H E D U L E 4 0 & 8 0

PROPERTY VALUE REFERANCE

Specific Gravity ± 0.02 1.44 ASTM D - 792

Tensil Strength psi @ 73°F. 7100 ASTM D - 638

Modulus of Elasticity in tension, psi @ 73°F. 4.000.000 ASTM D - 638

Flexular Strength (psi) 12000 - 14000 ASTM D - 790

Izod Impact, Ft. Ibs/in, Notch @ 73 °F. 0.65 ASTM D - 256

Heat Deflection °F @ 264 psi 160 ASTM D - 648

Heat Resistance Deg. F. 140

Thermal Conductivity, BTU/hr/sq.ft/Deg. F/in 1.2 ASTM D -177

Co-efficient of Expansion, in/in, Deg. Fx 10-5 3 ASTM D - 696

Water Absorption, % 24hrs @ 73 °F 0.05 ASTM D - 570

Cell Classification 12454B ASTM D - 1784

Colour Code White (Sch.40)

Dark Grey (Sch.80)

JointingSocket type jointing. For solvent cement use.

operating TemperatureMaximum service temperature for UPVC schedule 40 and UPVC schedule 80 fittings is 140 Deg. F bMaximutn service temperature for CPVC schedule 80 fittings is 210 Deg. F.

Chemical PropertiesCPVC and CPVC fittings are resistant to corrosiori by ground water, weathering and many chemlicals.Further information on chemical resistance is available on request.

23

PROPERTY TEST CONDITION VALUE REFERANCE

Specific Gravity 73 °F 1.55 ASTM D -792

Rockwell Hardness 73 °F 117 ASTM D -785

Heat Deflection @ 264 psi 73 °F 214 ASTM D -748

Tensile Strenght (psi) 73 °F 8200 ASTM D -738

Tensile Modulus (psi) 73 °F 430.000 ASTM D -738

Flexural Strenght (psi) 73 °F 15.000 ASTM D -790

Flexural Modulus (psi) 73 °F 438.000 ASTM D -790

Izod Impact, Ft. Ibs/ln. Notch 73 °F 1.6 ASTM D -756

Water Absorption (24 hrs) 73 °F 0.07+ ASTM D -570

Coefficient of Expansion ( F ), in./in. x 10-s 3.7 ASTM D -792

Flammability .062” V - 0 UL - 94

Cell Designation 23557B ASTM D-1784

S C H E D U L E 8 0

JointingSocket type jointing. For solvent cement use.

Operating TemperatureMaximum service temperature for UPVC schedule 40 and UPVC schedule 80 fittings is 140 Deg. F Maximum service temperature for CPVC schedule 80 fittings is 21 0 Deg. F.

Chemical PropertiesUPVC and CPVC fittings are resistant to corrosion by ground water, weathering and chemicals.Further information on chemical resistance Is available on request

24

PIPE SIZE (inch)

SOCKET FITTINGS (psi)

1/2 600

3/4 480

1 450

1 3/4 370

1 1/2 330

2 280

3 260

4 220

6 180

PIPE SIZE (inch)


1/2 850

3/4 690

1 630

1 1/4 520

1 1/2 470

2 400

PIPE SIZE (inch)


THREATED FITTINGS (psi)

1/2 850 420

3/4 690 340

1 630 320

1 1/4 520 260

1 1/2 470 240

2 400 200

Water pressure rating (max) for UPVC schedule 40 fitting at 73 Deg. F.

Water pressure rating (max) for UPVC schedule 80 fitting at 73 Deg. F.

Water pressure rating (max) for CPVC schedule 80 fitting at 73 Deg. F.

25

3P FITTINGS SCHEDULE 40

ASTM STANDARDAMIRICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING & MATERIALS

ASTM D - 24663P SCHEDULE 40

26

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

3/4 33.3 40.1 3.2 25.2

1 41.45 45.5 3.9 28.4

1 1/2 56.8 59.5 4.1 34

2 69 66.5 4.2 34.5

4 114.76 109.5 5.5 51

6 168.9 168.2 6.2 79

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

3/4 33.3 32.7 32.2 25.2

1 41.45 36.5 3.9 28.4

1 1/2 56.76 43 4.1 30

2 69 46 4.2 32

4 114.76 77.5 5.5 51

6 168.9 120 6.2 79

ASTM D - 2466 SCHEDULE 40

E L B O W 4 5 O

E L B O W 9 0 O

FITTINGS SCHEDULE 40

27


C O U P L I N G

W Y E e q 4 5 O


Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

3/4 32.9 53.9 3 3

1 40.85 59.8 3.6 3

1 1/2 56.8 71 4.1 3

2 69 80.2 4.2 3

4 114.76 107.4 6.2 4

6 168.9 157.4 6.2 6

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

2 60.47 157.75 4.37

4 114.76 310 5.5

6 168.9 409.5 6.2

28


ELBOW Door 90O With Access Cap

T E E 9 0 O


Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

3/4 33.3 80.2 3.2 25.2

1 41.45 93.5 3.9 28.4

1 1/2 56.76 121 4.1 32

2 69 134 4.2 34.5

4 114.76 219 5.5 51

6 168.9 336.5 6.2 79

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

4 114.76 109.5 5.5 51

29

P - T r a p


T E E w i t h a c c e s s c a p


Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

4 114.76 222 5.5 51

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

4 114.76 187.2 5.5 51

30



T E E C R O S S

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

4 114.76 246 5.5 123

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

4 114.76 234 5.3 117

T E E S a i n a t r y

31


F l o o r


Sizecm

Dcm

Hcm

Tcm

15 x 15 15 15 3.2

20 x 20 20 20 3.65

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

4 114.76 77.76 5.68

C a p

R e d u c e r B u s h i n g

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

4 x 2 114.76 58.7 7.02

6 x 4 168.2 81.34 5.64


ASTM D - 24663P SCHEDULE 80

3P FITTINGS SCHEDULE 80

33

E L B O W 9 0 O

T E E 9 0 O



Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

3/4 35.54 52.5 4.41 26.19

1 43.56 61.5 5.01 29.77

1/2 29.85 47 4.23 23.02

1 1/4 53.64 80.99 5.47 54.88

1 1/2 59.32 90.74 5.41 66

2 73.45 106.49 6.48 74

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

1/2 29.85 36.52 4.23 23.02

3/4 35.54 41.27 4.41 26.19

1 43.56 48.42 5.05 29.77

1 1/4 52.93 56.36 5.35 32.94

1 1/2 59.87 91.95 5.87 63

2 73.36 106.73 6.36 72

34

C o u p l i n g



Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

1 x 3/4 33.39 34.66 3.5

1 x 1 1/4 42.38 40.7 4.5

1 x 1 1/5 48.26 41.59 7.55

2 x 1/5 60.11 48.94 6.12


Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

1/2 29.85 45.21 4.23 3.18

3/4 35.54 55.56 4.41 3.18

1 43.56 62.71 5.08 3.18

1 1/4 52.93 69.06 5.53 3.18

1 1/2 59.7 76.25 5.77 3.18

2 72.9 84.35 6.37 3.18

35

E L B O W 4 5 O



Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

1/2 29.85 36.52 4.23 23.02

3/4 35.54 41.27 4.41 26.19

1 43.56 48.42 5.05 29.77

1 1/4 52.93 56.36 5.35 32.94

1 1/2 59.87 91.95 5.87 63

2 73.36 106.73 6.36 72


ASTM F - 4393P CPVC FITTINGS SCHEDULE 80

3P CPVC FITTINGS SCHEDULE 80

37

ASTM F - 439 SCHEDULE 80 (CPVC)

E L B O W 9 0 O

T E E 9 0 O

CPVC FITTINGS SCHEDULE 80

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

1/2 29.85 47 4.23 23.02

3/4 35.54 52.5 4.41 26.19

1 43.56 61.5 5.01 29.77

1 1/4 53.64 80.99 5.47 54.88

1 1/2 59.32 90.74 5.41 66

2 73.45 106.49 6.48 74

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

1/2 29.85 36.52 4.23 23.02

3/4 35.54 41.27 4.41 26.19

1 43.56 48.42 5.05 29.77

1 1/4 52.93 56.36 5.35 32.94

1 1/2 59.87 91.95 5.87 63

2 73.36 106.73 6.36 72

38


C o u p l i n g

ASTM F - 439 SCHEDULE 80 (CPVC)

CPVC FITTINGS SCHEDULE 80

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

Rmm

1/2 29.85 45.21 4.23 3.18

3/4 35.54 55.56 4.41 3.18

1 43.56 62.71 5.08 3.18

1 1/4 52.93 69.06 5.53 3.18

1 1/2 59.7 76.25 5.77 3.18

2 72.9 84.35 6.37 3.18

Sizeinch

Dmm

Hmm

Tmm

1 x 3/4 33.39 34.66 3.5

1 x 1 1/4 42.38 40.7 4.5

1 x 1 1/5 48.26 41.59 7.55

2 x 1/5 60.11 48.94 6.12


ASTM F - 4393P CPVC FITTINGS SCHEDULE 80 With Brass

3P CPVC FITTINGS SCHEDULE 80 With Brass

40

CPVC FITTINGS SCHEDULE 80 With Brass3P

T E E B r a s s D 9 0

E l b o w B r a s s D 9 0

ASTM F - 439 SCHEDULE 80 with Brass (CPVC)

Sizeinch

Cmm

M1inch

M2mm

1/2 x 1/2 x1/2 29.85 1/2 37.80

3/4 x 3/4 x3/4 35.54 3/4 45.0

3/4 x 1/2 x 3/4 35.54 1/2 37.80

Sizeinch

Cmm

M1inch

M2mm

1/2 x 1/2 29.85 1/2 37.80

3/4 x 3/4 35.54 3/4 45.0

3/4 x 1/2 35.54 1/2 37.80

41

Sizeinch

Cmm

Minch

C1mm

1/2 x 1/2 44.22 1/2 29.74

3/4 x 3/4 48.40 3/4 35.47

1 x 1 54.78 1 43.24

Sizeinch

Cmm

M1inch

M2mm

1/2 x 1/2 29.85 1/2 37.80

3/4 x 1/2 35.54 1/2 37.80

CPVC FITTINGS SCHEDULE 80 With Brass

m a l e A d a p t e r

f e m a l e A d a p t e r

ASTM F - 439 SCHEDULE 80 with Brass (CPVC)

42

Pipes & Fittings are made out of termoplastic materials. Thtis safe storage practice is very important to avoid deformations.

Pipes & Fittings should never be stored closer to heat source or without proper ventilation causing raise in ambient temperature greater than its limits of use.

To ensure that weight/ load of the fittings packing boxes or pallets should never be transferred on any fittings inside the packing box.

Pipes should be stacked on level and flat ground which is free from stones -ftlp sharp projections.They can also be stacked within appropriate wooden frames.

Heavy weight pipes should be at the bottom & light weight pipes should be at the top.

43

JOINTING PROCEDURE [ jo in t ing so lvent cement ]

1. Cut the pipe perpendicularly. Use fine pitch handsaw.2. Remove burrs using medium file. Chamfer the end of the pipe at 2mm x45 average.3. Mark the pipe and fitting to determine correct preparation of the pipe socket4. Clean contacting surfaces thoroughly with a clean rag and cleaning fluid.5. Using a clean brush, apply sufficient amount of solvent to pipe and fitting. The numbers of coat vary depending on the diameter of the pipe and fitting. One or two coats are usually needed.6. Assemble joint immediately. Hold pipe and fitting together for 15 seconds for 1/2»diameter pipe and 60 seconds for an 8»diameter pipe. Avoid twisting the assembly. For joining a pipe size of 6» diameter or more, use a joining device to ensure full entry of spigot.7. Remove excess cement. Table indicating approximate number of joints which can be made with standard size lubricant, clearjito

Nominal Size ( inch ) Lubricant 50 g. Cleaning Fluid 500 ml. Solvent Cement 500 ml.

NOTES:

All solvent cement must be carefully used in accordance with the instructions on the can. Never dilute with other fluids. done properly in wet, oily and dirty conditions. Drying time will vary accord-ing to amount of solvent cement applied, ambient temperature and testing pressure. Temperature of more than 25 degree C { 76 degree F) will reduce joining time from 3 minutes to approximately1 minute. Full ratedWARNING: Smoke testing of PVC-U is recommended but extra care must be observed.

1/2 - 1 11/4 - 2 3 4 6 8

100 60 40 30 20 10

300 180 72 45 21 12

100 60 25 15 7 4

44

Exact application

Pipe outside and /or inside diameter

Required pressure rating or wall thickness

Pipe length

Required pipe socket type (non-solvent / rubber ring) Colour Particular standard, if required or known

Expected soil condition and enviroment

Specific installation method, e.g. open or buried

Delivery requirement

When placing an order or a request for quotation, please specify the following information so as to provide you the right product accurate for your specific needs :


45

You can cut a PVC pipe straight and easy with some basic tools and a little know-how. If you don›t have a power miter saw, don›t sweat it. With an inexpensive hacksaw (about $5) and a bit of duct tape, cutting a PVC pipe couldn›t be simpler. 3P Pipe Experts recommends long, slow strokes when making your PVC cuts, adding that «moving the saw too fast can cause the saw blade to overheat, gumming it up and leaving hard-to-remove burrs in the pipe.»

• Use a ruler or measument tape to measure the length of PVC pipe you want to cut; denote the length by marking a spot with the pencil on the pipe.

• Wrap a piece of duct tape around the pipe so that the outside edge of the tape aligns with the pencil mark you made.

• Draw a line with the pencil, using the edge of the tape now as a guide, all the way around the pipe. This will be your guide for cutting the pipe straight through.

• Peel and remove the duct tape from the pipe.

• Place the PVC pipe in a bench vise, and tighten the vise around the pipe.

• Put on your safety goggles and dust mask, remember safety first.

• Line up the blade (or guide) on your miter saw with the inside edge of the pencil mark, then turn on the saw and carefully cut into the pipe. Stop and rotate the pipe as needed, until the pipe separates into two pieces. Turn off the saw.

• Make the cut using a hacksaw if you do not have a miter saw. We recommends long, slow strokes when making your PVC cuts, adding that «moving the saw too fast can cause the saw blade to over-heat, gumming it up and leaving hard-to-remove burrs in the pipe.»

• For the final work pile down any burrs on the cutting edges of the pipe by using amedium flat Pile.

• Make sure your PVC pipe is clean and dry before you begin to glue it.

• Put a PVC primer on the pipe immediately before applying the PVC cement. What this does is «melt» the plastic a bit, so when you apply the cement, you have more of a weld. It is easy to find both PVC primer and PVC cement at your local home improvement store.

• Add the PVC cement, attach the piece of PVC you want to glue, and twist. Make sure that it remains in the position that you want it to be in. You will find that the PVC cement sets pretty fast.

Guide of Cutting and Glueing Pipes and Fittings

46

Chemical ConecentrationTemperature

20oC 60

oC

Chlorine, gas 10 % dry D

100 % dry D U

10 % moist U U

Chlorine sat, aq, soln. D U*

Chlorine trifluoride U* U*

Chloroacetic acid S D

Chlorobenzene U U

Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) U U

2-Chloroethanol (ethylene chlorohydrin) U U

Chloroform U U

Chloromethane (methyl chloride) U U

Chlorosulphonic acid D U

Chromic acid plating S S

Chromic potassium sulphate

(chrome alum) S S

Cider + S*

Citric acid+ S S

Copper** chloride S* S*

Copper** cyanide S* S*

Copper** fluoride S S

Copper** nitrat S* S*

Copper** sulphat S S

Creosote U U

Cresols U U

Cresylic acid U U*

Crotonaldehyde U U

Cyclohexanol U U

Cyclohexanone U U

Detergents (synthetic) diluted for

use S S*

Developers (photographic) S S

Dextrin S S

Dextross+ sat, soln. S S

Diamyl ether U* U*

Diazo saits S S

Dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide) U* U*

Dibutyl phthalate U* U*

Dichlorobenzene U* U*

Dichlorodifluoromethane S

Dichloethane (rthylene dichloride) U U

Dichloroethelene U* U*

1,20Dichloropropane (propylene dichloride) U U

Diethl ether U U

Diethyl ketone U* U*

Diethyl sulphate (ethyl sulphate) U U

Digol (diethylene glycol) S* S*

Dimethyl sulphate (methyl sulphate) S U

Dimethylamine S S

Dimethylcarbinol, see isopropyl alcohol

Dioctyl phthalate U* U*

Dioxan U* U*

Diphenyl ether U U

Disodium phosphate,

see disodium hydrogen orthophosphate

Dodecanoic acid (lauric) S S

Dodecanol (lauryl alcohol) S* S*

Emulsifiers all S* S*

Emulsions (photographic) S S


20oC 60

oC

Ethane S*

Ethanediol (ethylene glycol) S S

Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)+ 95-100% S D

40% (v/v) aq. slon. S D

Ethers (see also diethyl ether) U U

Ethyl acetale U U

Ethyl acrylate U U

Ethyl alcohol, see ethanol

Ethyl butyrate Ethyl acetate U* U*

Ethyl chloride, see Chloroethane

Ethyl formate U* U*

Ethyl lactate U* U*

Ethyl methyl ketone (methyl ethyl ketone) U U

Ethyl sulphate,see diethyl sulphate

Ethylene chlorohydrin, see 2-chloroethanol

Ethylene dibromide, see dichloroethane

Ethylene dichloride, see dichloroethane

Ethylene glycol, see ethanediol

Ethylene oxide (oxiran) U U

Fatty acids, higher S S

Ferric chloride S S

Ferric nitrate S S

Ferric sulphate S S

Ferrous ammonium citrate,

see ammonium ferrous citrate

Ferrous chloride S* S*

Ferrous sulphate S* S*

Fixing soln. (photographic) S S

Fluorine U U

Fluorosilic acid 40% aq. saoln. S S

conc. S S

Formaldehyde 40% (w/w) aq. soln. S S

Formic acid 3% aq. soln. S S

10% aq. soln. S S

25% aq. soln. S D

50% aq. solin. S U

98 - 100% U U

Fructose+ S S

Fruit juices+ S S

Fuel oil S S

Furfuraldehyde (furfural) 100% U U

Furturyl alcohol U* U

Gallic acid,

see 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid

Gasoline, see petrol

Glucose+ S S

Glycerol S S

Glycerol monobenzy ether U* U*

Glycol, see ethanediol

Glycolic acid 30% alc. soln. S S

Grape suger + S S

Heptane S U

Hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol) S* S*

Hexanol (hexyl alcohol) S S

Hydrobromic acid 50% (w/v) aq. soln. S S

100% (w/v) aq.

soln. S* S*

TABLE OF CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

47

** Cuprous or cupric.


20oC 60

oC

Hydrochloric acid 10 % (w/v) aq. sol. S S

22% (w/v) aq. soln. S S

concentrated (36 %) S S

Hydrocyanic acid 10 % (w/v) aq. soln. S S

Hydrocyanic acid 4 % (w/v) aq. soln. S S

40 % (w/v) aq. soln. S U

60 % (w/v) aq. soln. D U

concentrade U* U*

Hydrogen S S

Hydrogen bromide anhydrous S* S*

Hydrogen chloride anhydrous S* S*

Hydrogen fluoride anhydrous S* S*

Hydrogen peroxide 3 % (w/v) aq. soln. S S

12 % (w/v) aq. soln. S S


90 % (w/v) or greater U U

Hydrogen sulphide S S

Hydroquinone, see quinol

Hydroxylammonium sulphate S S

Hypochlorous acid D U

Iodine soln. in potassium

iodide U U

Iso-octane (2, 2, 4- trimethylbentance) S U

Isophorone U U

Isopropanol, see isopropyl alcohol

Lactic acid 10 % (w/v) aq. soln. S S

100 % (w/v) aq. U U

Lanolin S* S*

Latex S S

Lauric acid, see dodecanoic

Lauryl alcohol, see dodecanol

Lead acetate S S

Lead arsenate S* S*

Lead nitrate S* S*

Lead tetraethyl lead

Linoleic acid S S

Linseed oil S S

S S

Magnesium carbonate S S

Magnesium chloride S S

Magnesium hydroxide S S

Magnesium nitrate S S

Maleic acid 25 % (w/v) aq. soln. S S


concentrade S S

Malic acid S S

Manganese suphlate S* S*

Margarine+ S S

Mercuric chloride S S

Mercuric cyanide S S

Mercurous nitrate S S

Mercury S S

Mesityl oxide U U

Metallic soaps (water soluble) S* S*

Methanol (methyl alcohol) 100 % S D

6 % (w/v) aq. soln. S S*

Methyl acetate U* U*

Methyl bromide, see bromomethane


20oC 60

oC

Methyl isobutyl ketone,

see isobutyl methyl ketone

Methyl chloride, see chloromethane

Methyl ethyl ketone

see ethyl methyl ketone

Methyl glycol S S

Methyl hydrogen sulphate 50 % (w/v) aq. soln. S S

(methyl sulphuric acid) 50 % (w/v) aq. soln. S S



Methyl methacrylate U U

Methyl sulphate, see dimethyl sulphate

Mrthylated spirits S S

Methylcyclohexanone U U

Methylsulphonic acid S S

Milk+ S* S*

Mineral oils S S

Mixed acids **

Molasses+ U* U*

Monochlorobenzene

S S

Naphtha U U

Naphthalene S S

Nickel chloride S S

Nickel nitrate S S

Nickle sulphate S S

Nicotine S* S*

Nicotinic acid S* S*

Nitric acid 5 % (w/v) aq. soln. S S

10 % (w/v) aq. soln. S D

25 % (w/v) aq. soln. S D

50 % (w/v) aq. soln. S U

70 % (w/v) aq. soln. D U

98 % (w/v) aq. soln. U U

Nitrobenzene U U

Nitropropane U U

Nitrous fumes moist D U

Nonanol (nonyl alcohol) S* S*

Ocatane S* U*

Ocatanol (octyl alcohol) S*

Oil and fats + S S

Oleic acid S S

Orthphosphoric acid 20 % aq. soln. S S

30 % aq. soln. S S

50 % aq. soln. S S

95 % aq. soln. S S

Oxalic acid S S

Oxygen S S

Ozone S S

S S

Palmitic acid 10 % S S

70 % S S

Paraffin S S

Paraffin wax S S

Penatane S*

Perchloric acid 10 % S D

Petrol S D

Petrol/benzene mixture 80: 20 ratio U U

Petroleum spirit (petroleum ether) U U


48


20oC 60

oC

Phnol S U

Phenylcarbinol, see benzyl alcohol

Phenylhydrazine U U

Phenylhydrazine hydrohliroide U U

Phosgene gas S U

Liquid U U

Phosphates (see also under ammonium,

Potassium, sodium, etc) S* S*

Phospharic acid, see orthophosphoric acid

Phospharus S U

Phosphorus pentoxide S S*

Phosphorus trichloride U U

Phosohoryl chloride

(phosphorus oxychloride) U U

Phthalic anhydride S* S*

Picrtic acid 1 % (w/v) aq. soln. S S*

10 % (w/v) aq. soln. U U

Plating solutions:

brass S S

cadmium S S

chromium S S

copper S S

gold S S

indium S S

Lead S S

nickel S S

rhodium S S

Silver S S

tin S S

zinc S S

Polyglycol ethers U* U*

Potassium acid sulphate,

see potassium hydrogen sulphate

Potassium antimonate S* S*

Potassium bicarbonate

see potassium hydrogen carbinate

Potassium bichromate,

see potassium dichromate

Potassium bisulphate

see potassium hydrogen sulphate

Potassium borate S S

Potasium bromate S S

Potassium bromide S S

Potassium carbonate S S

Potasium chlorate S S

Potassium chloride S S

Potassium chromate S S

Potassium cuprocyanide S* S*

Potassium cyanide S S

Potassium dichromate

(potassium bichormate) S S

Potassium ferricyanide S S

Potassium ferrocyanide S S

Potassium fluoride S S

Potassium hydrogen carbonate

(Potassium bicarbonate) S S

Potassium hydrogen sulphate

(Potassium acid sulphate) S* S*


20oC 60

oC

Potassium hydrogen sulphate S* S*

(potassium bisulphite)

Potassium hydroxide 1 % (w/v) aq.soln.

1o % (w/v) aq.soln S S

conc. soln. S S

Potassium hypochloride S S

Potassium nitrate S S

Potassium perborate S S

Potassium perchlorate 10 % soln. S S

Potassium permanganate 20 % soln. S S

Potassium persulphate 5 % soln. S S

Potassium sulphate S S

Potassium sulphate S* S*

Potassium thiosulphate S* S*

Propane S S

Propane -1, 2-diol (propylene glycol) S* S*

Propargyl alcohol (prop-2yn-l-ol) S S

Propionic acid 50 % aq. soln.

100 % aq. soln. S* U*

isoPropyl alcohol (isopropanol) S S

Propylene dichloride

see 1, 2-dichloropropane

Propylene oxide U* U*

Pyridine U U

Quiniol (hydroquinone) S* S*

Rayon coagulating bath S* S*

Sulphur trixide S* S

Salicylic acid S S

See water S S

Selenic U U

Shortening S* S*

Silicic acid S S

Silver acetate S* S*

Silver cyanide S S

Silver nitrate S S

Soap solution (aqueous) S S

Sodium acetate S S

Soudium acid sulphate,

see hydrogen sulphate

Soudium aluminate S* S*

Sodium antimonate S* S*

Sodium benzoate S D

Sodium bicarbonate

see sodium hydrogen carbonate

Sodium bisulphate,

see sodium hydrogen sulphate

Sodium bisulphite,

see sodium hydrogen sulphite

Sodium borate, see disodium tetraborate

Sodium bromide S S

Sodium carbonate S S

Sodium chlorate S S

Sodium chloride S S

Sodium cyanide S* S*

Sodium ferricyanide S S

Sodium ferrocyanide S S


49** Cuprous or cupric.


20oC 60

oC

Sodium fluoride S S

Sodium hydrogen carbonate

(sodium bicarbonate) S S

diSodium hydrogen orthophosphate S* S*

Sodium hydrogen sulphate

(sodium bisulphate) S S

Sodium hydrogen sulphite

(sodium bisulphaite) S S

Sodium hydroxide 1 % (w/v) alc. soln. S S

10 % (w/v) alc. soln. S S


conc. S S

Sodium hypochlorite 15 % available

chlorine S S

Sodium hyposulphite

see sodium thiosulphate

Sodium metaphosphate S* S*

Sodium nitrate S S

Sodium nitrate S S

triSodium orthophosphate S* S*

Sodium perborate S* S*

Sodium peroxide S* S*

Sodium silicate S* S*

Sodium sulphate S S

Sodium sulphide aq. soln. S S

diSodium tetraborate (borax) S S

Sodium thiosulphate (sodium hyposulphite) S* S*

Soft soap S* S*

Stannic chloride S S

Stannous chloride S S

Starch S S

Stearic acid S S

Sucrose+ S* S*

Sulphur colloidal S S

Sulphur dioxide dry S S

moist S U

liquid D U

Sulphur trioxido S S

Sulphuric acid 10 % (w/v) alc. soln. S S









90 % (w/v) alc. soln. D D

95 % (w/v) alc. soln. D U

98 % (w/v) alc. soln. U U

fluming U* U*

Sulphurous acid 10 % (w/v) alc. soln. S S


Surface active agents all S* S*

Tallow S* S*

Tannic acid S S

Tanniing extracts S S*

Tartaric acid+ S S

Tetraethyl lead (lead tetraethyl) S S


20oC 60

oC

Tetrahydrofuran U U

Tetrhydronaphthalene (tetralin) U U

Thionyl chloride U U

Titanium tetrachloride U U

Toluene U U

Transformer oil S* S*

Tributyl phosphate U U

Trichloroacetic acid S* S*

Trichlorobenzene U* U*

Trichloroethane U* U*

Trichloroethylene U U

Tricresyl phosphate, see tritoly phosphate

Triethanolamine S U

Trigol (triethylene glycol) S* S*

3, 4. 5+ Tritrydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid) S* S*

Trimethylamine S U*

Trimethylil propane

(2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethylpropanediol) S U

Trisodium phosphate,

see sodium orthophosphate

Tritolyl phosphate (tricresylphosphate) U* U*

Turpentine S S

Urea S S

Urine S S

Vanilla extract+ S* S*

Vegetable oils+ S S

Vinegar+ S S

Vinyl acetate U U

Water S S

Wetting agents S* S*

Whey+ S* S*

Wines and spirits+ S S

Xylene U* U*

Xylenol U* U*

Yeast S S

Zinc ammonium chloride.

see ammonium zinc chloride

Zinc carbonate S* S*

Zinc chloride S S

zinc oxide S S

Zinc silphate S S


50

LengthMeters Kilometers Miles Yards Feets Inches Cape feet1 0.001 0.621372x10-3 1.09361 3.28284 39,3701 3,176034

100 1 0.621372 1093,61 3280,84 39370,1 3176,034

1609,3489 1,609343 1 1760 5280 63360 5111,3304

0,9144 0.0009144 0.0005682 1 3 36 2,904165

0,3048 0,0003048 0.0001894 0.333333 1 12 0,968055

0,0254 0.0000254 0,00001578 0,0277778 0,083333 1 0,080671

0,314852 0,000314852 0,00019564 0,344333 1,0329999 12,395888 1

Volume (Liters, cubic feet, gallons)

Meters Kilometers Miles Yards

1 0,0353147 0,264171 0,219969

28,3168 1 7,480456 6,2288

3,78542 0,13382 1 0,83268

4,54609 0,160544 1,20094 1

Volume (m3, acre feet, morgen feet, gallons)


1 0,0081071 0,000383038 219,969

1233,48 1 0,47247 271328

2610,71 2,11654 1 574275

0,00454609 0,000003686 0,0000017413 1

Volume (m3, cubic yards, gallons)


1 1,30795 264,171 219,969

0,76455 1 201,974 168,178

0,003785 0,004995115 1 0,83268

0,00454609 0,0059461 1,20094 1

Flow


1 0,001 0,0353147 13,19814

1000 1 35,3147 13198,14

28,3168 0.0283168 1 373,73

0,0757682 75,7682x106 0.002676 1

Pressure

Pascal(Newton/m2) Bar Kilogram

force/cm2Pound forceper inch2

Meter headof water

Foot headof water

Ton (2000lb)force/in2

Ton (2240lb)force/in2

1 102 0,101972x104 0,145038x10-3 0,101972x10-3 0,33455x10-5 0,072519x10-6 0,064749x10-5

102 1 1,01972 14,5038 10,1972 33,455 0,0072519 0,0064749

98,0665x103 0,0980665 1 14,2233 10 32,8084 7,11167x10-3 6,34971x10-3

8894,76 0,0689476 0,070307 1 0,70307 2,306727 0,0005 0,446429x10-3

9,80665x103 0,0980665 0,1 1,42233 1 3,28084 0,711167x10-3 0,634971x10-3

2,98898x103 0,0298898 0,03048 0,433515 0,3048 1 0,21676x10-3 0,193533x10-3

13,7895x106 137,895 140,614 2000 1,40614x103 4,61332x103 1 0,892858

15,4443x106 154,443 157,488 2240 1.57488x103 5,16692x103 1,120 1

Force

Newton Kilogram-Force Metric ton - Force Pound ton - Force Ton (2000lb) - Force Ton (2240lb) - Force

1 0,101972 0,101972x1030,274809 0,112405x10

50,100361x10

3

9,80665 1 103

2,20462 1,10231x103

0,984206x103

9806,65 1000 1 2204,62 1,10231 0,984206

4,44822 0,453592 0,453592x103

1 0,0005 0,446429x103

8896,44 906,184 0,907184 200 1 0,892858

9964,02 1016,05 1,01605 2240 1,120 1

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