ASTHMA NHLBI GUIDELINES - cmetracker.netcmetracker.net/EH/Files/EventMaterials/18087/ASTHMA.pdf ·...

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1 ASTHMA NHLBI GUIDELINES Stephen Kurachek, MD CRCCS Childrens Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota Children s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota Gillette Children’s Specialty Hospital CentraCare Health System Essentia Health Today’s Topics NHLBI Guidelines Assessment and control Inhaled corticosteroids Guidelines by age group Scenarios Allergen and irritant control Asthma Action Plan – selfmanagement

Transcript of ASTHMA NHLBI GUIDELINES - cmetracker.netcmetracker.net/EH/Files/EventMaterials/18087/ASTHMA.pdf ·...

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ASTHMANHLBI  GUIDELINES

Stephen Kurachek, MD

CRCCS

Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of MinnesotaChildren s  Hospitals  and  Clinics  of  Minnesota

Gillette  Children’s  Specialty  Hospital

CentraCare Health  System

Essentia Health 

Today’s  Topics

• NHLBI Guidelines

• Assessment and control

• Inhaled corticosteroids

• Guidelines by age group

• Scenarios

• Allergen and irritant control

• Asthma Action Plan – self‐management

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http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/naci/asthma‐info/asthma‐guidelines.htm

PRIORITY  MESSAGES  EPR‐3

ASSESS  SEVERITY

MONITOR  CONTROL

INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS

ASTHMA  ACTION  PLANS

MONITOR  FOLLOW‐UP

CONTROL  ALLERGENS  AND  IRRITANTS

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ASSESS  INITIAL  SEVERITY  EPR‐3

Current  Impairment

Future  Risk

COMPONENTSOF

SEVERITY

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ASSESSING  CONTROL  EPR‐3

No coughing or wheezing

No shortness of  breath

No night awakenings

NO AD HOC MD VISITS

Oral steroid requirements

Pulmonary function testing

No activity limitation

No school absences

No provider work / activity loss

COMPONENTS  OFCONTROL

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GENERIC  STEROID

PROPRIETORY DOSING  AVAILABLE

DOSEEQUIVALENCY

AGE RELEASE

NOTES

BeclomethasoneHFA

QVAR 40, 80 mcg/puff 1.00 > 5 yrs Small particle size.  Good lung deposition.  Pro‐drug activated in 

INHALEDCORTICOSTEROIDS

p gthe lung.

budesonide DPI PulmicortFlexhaler

90, 180 mcg/act 1.25 > 6 yrs

budesonideinhaled

PulmicortRespules

0.25, 0.5,1mg/2ml

0.5 > 1 yrs

ciclesonide MDI Alvesco 80, 160 mcg/spray

1.5 > 12 yrs Small particle size.  Once daily dosing.  Pro‐drug activated in the lung.  Highly protein bound in systemic circulation.  Less adverse effects.

fluticasoneHFA/MDI

Flovent HFA 44, 110, 220 mcg/puff

2.0 > 4 yrs

fluticasone DPI Flovent Diskus 50, 100, 250 mcg/blister

2.0 > 4 yrs

mometasone DPI Asmanex 110, 220 mcg/act

1.5 > 4yrs Once daily dosing.  Highly protein bound.

GENERIC  MEDS

PROPRIETORY DOSING  AVAILABLE DOSEEQUIVALENCY

AGE RELEASE

NOTES

/

CORTICOSTEROIDS+

LABA

fluticasone / salmeterol

Advair DiskusDPI

100, 250, 500mcg + 50mcg blister

2.00 > 4 yrs Only dual med inhaler approved for children < 12 years of age.

fluticasone / salmeterol

Advair HFA 45, 115, 230mcg + 21mcg spray

2.00 > 12 yrs

budesonide / formoterol

Symbicort HFA 80, 160mcg + 4.5mcgspray

1.25 > 12 yrs Small particle size.  Good lung deposition.  Pro‐drug activated in the lung.

mometasone/  fomoterol

Dulera 100, 200mcg + 5mcg/spray

1.5 > 12 yrs Small particle size.   Pro‐drug activated in the lung.  Highly protein bound in systemic circulation.  Less adverse effects.

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STEPWISE  THERAPY  0 – 4 YEARS

high doseSTEP 5

STEP  6

ASSESS:

o severity

o control

REVIEW:

❶ adherence❷ home❸ irritants

❺ stress❻ GERD

❼ sinusitis

❽ function

SABA prn

low dose ICS  or

l k

medium dose  ICS

medium dose  ICS

+LABA  ormontelukast

high dose  ICS+

LABA  ormontelukast

high dose  ICS+

LABA  or+

ORALSTEROIDS

STEP  1

STEP  2

STEP  3

STEP  4

STEP  5o control

o triggers

❸ irritants❹ allergies

SABA, prn montelukast

Intermittent PERSISTENT

“ASTHMATOLOGIST”

med 

med dose  +

LABA or

high dose  +

LABA  ormontelu‐

kast

high dose  +

LABA  ororalSTEP 2

STEP  3

STEP  4

STEP  5

STEP  6ICS  THERAPY  0 – 4 YEARS

SABA

low dosedose

LABA ormontelu‐

kast

kaststeroids

STEP  1

STEP  2

INHALEDCORTICOSTEROID

Pulmicort(budesonide)

Flovent HFA

(mg)           0.25 – 0.5               0.5 – > 1.0           > 1.0  0.5                                    1.0 

(mc ) 176 176 352 176 352 > 352 >352Flovent HFA(fluticasone)

Advair Diskus(fluticasone + salmeterol)

(mcg)          176         176 – 352   176 – 352      > 352            >352

(mcg) 100 – 200          200             200

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CASE  PRESENTATION

2 yr  old  male

o 2  ED  visits  for  “recurrent  pneumonia”  characterized  by  nasal

drainage, cough, wheeze, and SOB.drainage,  cough,  wheeze,  and  SOB.

o 1  hospitalization  for  asthma  event  characterized  by  nasal  

drainage,  prominent  cough,  tachypnea,  retractions,  wheeze,

and  SOB.  Diagnosed  with  asthma.  

o No  personal  history  of  eczema,  atopy,  recurrent  croup,  or

sinusitis. No family history asthma, eczema, or atopy.sinusitis.  No  family  history  asthma,  eczema,  or  atopy.

o “Perfect”  in  between  events:  no  background  cough,  cough

with  activity  or  laughter.   

PLAN ?

STEPWISE  THERAPY  5 – 11 YEARS

high dose  

ICS +STEP  5

STEP  6ASSESS:

o severity

o control

REVIEW:

❶ adherence❷ home❸ irritants

❺ stress❻ GERD

❼ sinusitis

❽ function❾ PFTs

SABA, prn

low dose ICS

OR

low dose  ICS+LABA or LTRA ortheo

OR

med dose  

ICS + LABA

ORmed dose  ICS + 

high dose  

ICS  +LABA  ormontelukast

ORhigh dose ICS   + LTRA or

ICS   +LABA  +ORALSTEROIDS

ORhigh dose  ICS   +LTRA ortheo +

STEP  1

STEP  2

STEP  3

STEP  4

o control

o triggers

❸ irritants❹ allergies

, pOR

LTRA  orcromolynortheo

ORmedium dose ICS

ICSLTRA or theo

theotheo +ORALSTEROIDS

Intermittent PERSISTENT

“ASTHMATOLOGIST”

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med 

med dose  +

LABA or

high dose  +

LABA  ormontelu‐

kast

high dose  +

LABA  ororalSTEP 2

STEP  3

STEP  4

STEP  5

STEP  6

ICS  THERAPY  5 – 11 YEARS

low dosedose

LABA ormontelu‐

kast

kaststeroids

STEP  1

STEP  2INHALED

CORTICOSTEROID

Pulmicort NEBDPI

Flovent HFADPI

(mg)          0.25 – .5         0.5             0.5 – 1           > 1              > 1  (mcg)      180 ‐ 400    400 ‐ 800    400 – 800        > 800         >800        

(mcg)       88 – 176    176 – 352   176 – 352       > 352          > 352100 – 200 200 ‐ 400 200 – 400 > 400 > 400DPI 

QVAR

Advair DPIHFA                              

100  200   200 ‐ 400    200  400        > 400          > 400

(mcg)       80 – 160    160 – 320    160 – 320       > 320          > 320

(mcg) 200 – 500         > 500         > 50090 – 230         > 230         > 230

CASE  PRESENTATION

6 yr  old  female

o Multiple  ED  visits  for  wheezing  treated  with  albuterol  nebs

sometimes “a shot of something” or Orapred.sometimes   a shot  of  something   or  Orapred.

o Wheezing  events  occur  with  colds,  weather  change,  and

while  staying  at  the  grandparents  who  have  two  cats.

o The  home  is  “spotless”.  No  pets,  rodents,  cockroaches,  or

smokers.  The  basement  is  musty.

o Child always coughs with activity and tends to take moreo Child  always coughs  with  activity  and  tends  to  take  more

rest  periods  than  her  siblings  and  neighborhood  peers.  Uses

albuterol  MDI  2 – 3 times  per  day.

o Daily  symptoms  change  little  with  QVAR  40, 2puffs,  twice  daily.

PLAN ?

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STEPWISE  THERAPY  > 12 YEARS

high dose  

d al inh +STEP  5

STEP  6ASSESS:

o severity

o control

REVIEW:

❶ adherence❷ home❸ irritants

❺ stress❻ GERD

❼ sinusitis

❽ function❾ PFTs

SABA, prn

low dose ICS

OR

low dose  dual inh

ORmedium dose ICS

med dose  dual inh

ORmed dose  ICS + LTRA or 

high dose  dual inhor  high dost ICS +LTRA

ANDCONSIDER

dual inh +ORALSTEROIDS

ANDCONSIDER 

XolairSTEP  1

STEP  2

STEP  3

STEP  4

o control

o triggers

❸ irritants❹ allergies

, pOR

LTRA  orcromolynortheo

dose ICStheo

Xolair

Intermittent PERSISTENT

“ASTHMATOLOGIST”

low dose med dose

med dose  dual or medICS + LTRA

high dose  dual or  highICS + LTRA

high  dose  dual+ LTRA

+ oral

steroids

STEP  2 STEP  3

STEP  4

STEP  5

STEP  6ICS  THERAPY  > 12 YEARS

INHALEDCORTICOSTEROID ICS + LTRACORTICOSTEROID

Pulmicort DPIFlovent HFA

DPI QVAR

AlvescoAsmanex

180 – 600      600 – 1,200   600 – 1,200       > 1,200           >1,20088 – 264       264 – 440         264 – 440           > 440             > 440 100 – 200       200 – 400         200 – 400           > 400             > 40080 – 160       160 – 320         160 – 320           > 320             > 32080 – 160       160 – 320         160 – 320              320                 320110                220                    220 – 440              440                 440

Advair DPI      200 – 500            1,000            1,000HFA 180 – 460     460 – 920              920

Symbicort 320                          640              640Dulera 400                          800               800

Indications  for  Zolair

o > 12 years of ageo moderate  to  severe  asthmao symptoms  uncontrolledo + skin testo IgE: 30 – 700 IU/ml

DUAL  DRUGINHALERS

med dose  dual

high dose  dual

high dose  dual

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CASE  PRESENTATION

17 yr  old  male

o Multiple  ED  visits  and  hospitalizations  for  asthma.  1  PICU  stay.

Night  awakenings  weekly.  Albuterol  inhaler  under  pillow.

o Eczema,  allergic  rhinitis,  and  occasional  sinusitis.  Sits  out  of  gym.  Has

never  played  sports  and  has  an  elevator  pass  at  school.

o Mother  died  from  asthma.  Other  family  members  with  atopy

and  asthma.  Young  man  lives  with  his  cousin.  Apt  OK  by  history.

o Access  a  problem.  Compliance  a  problem.  PFTs  never normal.  Claims

to  feel  fine  whether  FEV1  is  60%  or  40%.

o On  Dulera  100, 2  puffs,  twice  daily;  Singulair  10mg, nightly.  Claims

nebulizer  does  not  work. 

PLAN ?

CONTROL: allergens  and  irritants

ASSESS  EVERY  VISIT  EPR‐3

change in environmentchange in environmentcigarette smoke exposurewood burningremodelingdust mite controlcockroach controlnew pets

new observationscold aircleaningresponse to colds

h hwater damage (mold)other homes

weather changeseasonal symptomsfood reactionsexerciseschool feedback

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ASTHMAASTHMACONTROLPLAN

ASTHMA CONTROL PLAN

Asthma Severity Asthma Control

TRIGGERSALLERGIES

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ASTHMAASTHMACONTROLPLAN

ASTHMA CONTROL PLAN

FOLLOW  YOUR  INSTINCTS !

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MONITOR  FOLLOW‐UP

• office visits

• office phone calls

• liaison with the school or day care

• public health nurse visit

• home assessment

• pharmacy review

• home/school audio‐video link?

SUMMARY

ASSESS  SEVERITY

MONITOR  CONTROL

INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS

ASTHMA  ACTION  PLANS

MONITOR  FOLLOW‐UP

CONTROL  ALLERGENS  AND  IRRITANTS