ASTERALES composition and COMPOSITAE...
Transcript of ASTERALES composition and COMPOSITAE...
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ASTERALES composition
and
COMPOSITAE diversification
José Rubens Pirani
Departamento de Botânica
Universidade de São Paulo
Fernando Costa Fernando Costa
Fernando Costa
Fernando Costa
Gustavo Shimizu Fernando Costa
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ASTERACEAE
or
COMPOSITAE
Gaillardia
c. 1.700 genera
c. 24.000 spp. - the largest families of flowering plants.
- strongly supported as a monophyletic group
by morphological, chemical, and molecular
characters.
- strong evidence for its nesting in the clade
ASTERALES s.l., together with some ten other
families according to APG-III (2009).
- surpassed all other families in the order,
and lead to the conquest of a cosmopolitan
distribution with a wide range of life forms in
practically almost all biomes on Earth. plant systematics
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- a general panel of the Asterales
- synapomorphies of the clade Compositae-
Calyceraceae as sister-group to the Goodeniaceae.
- the evolutive success of the Compositae.
COMPOSITAE in
ASTERALES s.l.
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APG-III 2009 18S rDNA, rbcL, atpB, atp1, matR
(+ 61 molecular markers of 45 taxa)
ASTERALES
in the
ASTERIDS CAMPANULIDS
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Tank &
Donoghue
2010
Dipsacus
Lonicera
Heracletum
Ilex
ASTERIDS
CAMPANULIDS
Plant systematics
plant systematics
plant systematics
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Tank &
Donoghue
2010
e.g. acetylenes,
lactones;
inferior ovary,
early sympetaly
ASTERIDS
CAMPANULIDS
Dipsacus
Helianthus
Aralia
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Leins 2000
Late Sympetaly
Asterids LAMIIDS
Anchusa officinallis
Boraginaceae
Plant systematics
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Leins 2000
EARLY
SYMPETALY ASTERIDS
CAMPANULIDS
Calendula officinalis, Compositae plant systematics
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APIALES DIPSACALES ASTERALES
ASTERIDS CAMPANULIDS
pseudanthia
Eryngium
Trachymene
Dipsacus
Cynara
Calea
Dasyphyllum
Plant systematics
Plant systematics
Leo
na
rdo
Ré-J
org
e
Ferrnando Costa
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Monophyly of the order strongly supported by rbcL , ndhF, and atpB sequences
+ mitochondrial rpl2 gene lost.
route I secoiridoids,
oligo- or polyfructosans, including inulin, with isokestose linkages
[starch generally wanting]
Fructans may stabilize cell membranes under drought
and/or freezing conditions (Livingston III et al. 2009)
petals valvate
pollen grains tricelular
11 families 1,649 genera 25,790 species (10% of the angiospermas)
ASTERALES synapomorphies (e.g. Stevens 2008)
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ASTERALES Maximum-likelihood phylogeny
for 4954 species
MEGA-PHYLOGENY method
(Tank & Donoghue 2010)
DNA sequences of 5 genes:
rbcL, matK, trnL-F, ndhF, ITS
Each of the 12 major families
of Asterales is labeled.
ASTERALES
Compositae
Mutisia
Eric in SF
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Campanulaceae – 2,400 spp
Pentaphragmataceae - 30
Calyceraceae - 60
Stylidiaceae - 245
Goodeniaceae - 440
Menyanthaceae - 60
COMPOSITAE (ASTERACEAE)
ASTERALES phylogeny
Argophyllaceae - 20
Phellinaceae - 11
Alseuosmiaceae - 10
Rousseaceae - 6
10 chloroplast gene
analysis -
Tank & Donoghue 2010
All branches have Bayesian
position probabilities > = 0.95
and ML boostrap > = 75%
CORE
ASTERALES
In
South
America
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CAMPANULACEAE ASTERALES
Hippobroma
Centropogon
Lobelia Leins & Erbar 2010
secondary pollen
presentation
Pla
nt syste
ma
tics
I. Cordeiro
I. Cordeiro
I. Cordeiro
J.R. Pirani
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ASTERALES
- secondary pollen presentation
[protandry, anthers connivent at dehiscence,
the style elongates after pollen deposition]
- stigma dry, ± papillate
-calyx persistent in fruit
- ovule 1
Goodeniaceae
COMPOSITAE
Calyceraceae
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www.jaxshells.org/
GOODENIACEAE 440 spp.
calphotos.berkeley.edu
São Paulo,
Brazil
ASTERALES
Scaevola plumieri
INKBERRY
Florida - USA J. R. Pirani
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GOODENIACEAE
Stylar cup mechanism
Selliera radicans
Leins & Erbar 1989
Leins & Erbar 2010
ASTERALES
style curved, with
apical hairy pollen-collecting indusium
and stylar cup
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CALYCERACEAE 60 spp.
DeVore 1994
ASTERALES
Magenta & Pirani 2002
A-D. Acicarpha tribuloides E-G. Acicarpha spathulata
H-I. Boopsis itatiaiae J-L. Boopsis bupleuroides
Wikipedia.com
Acicarpha spathulata Brazil
Apical ovule,
filaments connate, anthers free
involucrate CAPITULUM
made of cymose units
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- Secondary pollen presentation
Deposition mechanism
Leins & Erbar 2010
ASTERALES CALYCERACEAE
Stigma minutely capitate, pollen deposited on its top
a-h : 6 min.
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ASTERALES
ASTERACEAE
ou COMPOSITAE
- ovule 1, basal
- involucrate CAPITULA
- synanthery
- sesquiterpene lactones
Cynara
Liatris
Plant systematics.org
Helianthus
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Lychnophora
I. Cordeiro
Stifftia
Viguiera
COMPOSITAE Capitula (heads)
Chresta
Fernando Costa
Fernando Costa
A.B. Joly
Eremanthus Benoit Loeuille
Mutisia
hozdiamant
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Cichorium COMPOSITAE
Liatris
Plant systematics
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COMPOSITAE - Secondary pollen presentation
Brushing mechanism Pump mechanism
Senecio Achillea Grindellia Leins & Erbar 2010
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COMPOSITAE - Capitulum development
Fernando Costa
Eduardo L.H. Giehl
Mutisia
Calea
Xerxes
Gustavo Shimizu
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Hess 1983
CAPITULUM (head): centripetal development
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COMPOSITAE - CAPITULUM
Pollination: generalists
plantsystematics.org
Asterales
Helianthus
Aspilia sp. Fernando Costa
adoroplantas.com
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COMPOSITAE generalists
Cirsium helenioides with various visitors on the heads:
Zygaena - moth
Cerambicidae - beetles
Melanargia
- butterfly
Bombus
- bumblebee
Leins & Erbar 2010
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(adapted from Hess 1983)
day 1 day 2 day 3.....
CAPITULUM: high genetic diversity among seeds
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Cirsium
Taraxacum
Bidens
Acanthospermum
plantsystematics.org
COMPOSITAE dispersion
Lactuca
Parthenium Calea
Mikania
pla
nts
yste
matics.o
rg
plantsystematics.org
Ma
ra M
ag
en
ta
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Van de Peer 2011
hexaploid event
2 ancient groups of WGDs
(whole-genome duplications):
319 m.a. and 192 m.a. (Jiao et al. 2011)
duplication events
previously reported
(e.g. Cui et al. 2006)
K-T limits
Fawcett et al. (2009) and
Soltis et al. (2009):
genome doubling helped
numerous plant lineages
survive mass extinctions.
The modern polyploidy
paradigm attributes enormous
genomic versatility and
concomitant evolutionary
success to polyploid lineages.
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Campanulaceae – 2,400 spp
Pentaphragmataceae - 30
Calyceraceae - 60
Stylidiaceae - 245
Goodeniaceae - 440
Menyanthaceae - 60
COMPOSITAE (ASTERACEAE)
ASTERALES phylogeny
Argophyllaceae - 20
Phellinaceae - 11
Alseuosmiaceae - 10
Rousseaceae - 6
10 chloroplast gene
analysis -
Tank & Donoghue 2010
All branches have Bayesian
position probabilities > = 0.95
and ML boostrap > = 75%
CORE
ASTERALES
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Fernando Costa
Wikipedia Fleonardo Ré-Jorge
Thanks!
To USP, CNPq and FAPESP.
To my students and collaborators.
Let’s have a good Compositae Meeting!
Chresta Wunderlichia
Dasyphyllum
Eduardo L. H. Giehl Aspilia