Associate Professor Industrial and Systems Engineering, FIU
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January 21, 2010 1 Ronald E. Giachetti, Ph.D. Associate Professor Industrial and Systems Engineering, FIU
Transcript of Associate Professor Industrial and Systems Engineering, FIU
January 21, 2010 1
Ronald E. Giachetti, Ph.D. Associate Professor
Industrial and Systems Engineering, FIU
Ronald E. Giachetti January 21, 2010
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Overview
Types of design problems Problem-solving framework Design methodologies CMMI
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Design Theory
Find the optimal solution?
Find a satisfactory solution?
Can we even define what is optimal for an enterprise design? Or any complex design problem?
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Wicked Problems You don't understand the problem until you have developed a solution.
Indeed, there is no definitive statement of "The Problem." The problem is ill-structured, an evolving set of interlocking issues and constraints.
Since there is no definitive "The Problem", there is also no definitive "The Solution." The problem solving process ends when you run out of resources.
Solutions to wicked problems are not right or wrong, simply "better," "worse," "good enough," or "not good enough."
Every wicked problem is essentially unique and novel. There are so many factors and conditions, all embedded in a dynamic social context, that no two wicked problems are alike, and the solutions to them will always be custom designed and fitted.
Every solution to a wicked problem is a "one-shot operation," every attempt has consequences. You cannot build a motorway to see how it works.
Problem wickedness demands tools and methods which create shared understanding and shared commitment.
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Design Problems
Design
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Problem-Solving Perspective
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Design Thinking
Convergent Thinking " derive the single best (optimal) answer to a clearly defined
problem. " logical, rational thinking " It is most effective when the problem is structured such that a
solution can be generated based on stored knowledge and information through a rational process, logical search, mathematical algorithm, or decision-making strategy.
Divergent Thinking " producing multiple and alternative solutions to the problem. " It requires making unexpected combinations, recognizing
relationships among objects even if only remotely linked, and transforming information into unanticipated forms.
" Divergent thinking goes from a problem to multiple potential solutions.
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Divergent Thinking
Design idea
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Design Methods
A methodology is a standardized development process governed by a set of principles and common philosophy that defines a set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables, and automated tools.
Phases are defined by specific activities carried out in the phase and the deliverables generated in the phase.
An activity describes a coherent work process that generates one or more deliverables.
A technique is a set of precisely described procedures to accomplish a task
Milestones are critical project events, such as completion of the data model or delivery of the requirements document.
A deliverable is a tangible or demonstrable products created during the project.
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Waterfall Methodology
Traditional approach to design projects
Many problems with sequential approach
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Spiral Methodology
Response to sequential waterfall
Difficult to manage in its pure interpretation
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Controlled Iteration
Identify and resolve critical risks early Iterations allow early user feedback Design problem is decomposed into smaller, easier to
solve problems
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Methodology Principles (Best Practices)
Participatory analysis and design Iterative problem-solving approach Enterprise architecture Provide for good project communication Extensive use of modeling Document throughout project Prototype Establish standards Continuous quality assurance Design system for growth and change
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CMMI
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CMMI Model
Summary
You should be able to: " Describe the difference between
optimizing and satisficing " Compare and contrast the different types
of design problems " Describe the problem-solving approach " Explain the evolution of design methods " Define terms related to methodology " Use the CMMI model to classify the maturity
of design methods
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