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David Horgan

Andrea Minear

Assistive Technologies

Melissa Marsh

Assistive Technology� David

� Visual and Hearing Impairment

� Andrea� Cognitive (i.e., autism, learning disabilities, developmental delays, etc)

� Melissa� Special Education Laws regarding assistive technology

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Visual Impairment Assistive Technology

� Mountbatten Pro Braille Reader� Easier for students to use

� Auditory feedback� Positive effect on developing composition skills

� Compensates for motor delays (Cooper & Nichols, p. 27-28).

� Perkins Brailler

� Has been used in pre-k through elementary school classrooms

Visual Impairment Assistive Technology

� Screen Readers Click here for example� Reads the ALT tags within the HTML/DAISY code of a web page. Click here for example

� Links, text, and images can be given ALT tags (Strobel et al., 2006, p. 93)

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Hearing Impairment Assistive

Technology

� Closed Captioning

� Hearing aids

� Text/Speech Communicators

David Horgan

Andrea Minear

Assistive Technologies

Melissa Marsh

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Dyslexia,

Aspergers

Autism

LD,

MR,

ADD/ADHD,

Dysgraphia,

ape recorders,

video camera,

digital recorders,

digital cameras,

computers (of course),

to enhance learning for my students with special needs (and without).

Assistive Technologies include mechanical, electronic, and microprocessor-based equipment, non-mechanical and non-electronic aids, specialized instructional materials, services, and strategies that people with disabilities can use either to

� (a) assist them in learning,

� (b) make the environment more accessible,

� (c) enable them to compete in the workplace,

� (d) enhance their independence, or

� (e) otherwise improve their quality of life.

These may include commercially available or "home made" devices that are specially designed to meet the idiosyncratic needs of a particular individual.

-- (Blackhurst & Lahm, 2000, p. 7)

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� cursor control options

� arrow keys

� eye tracking devices

� foot-operated

� movement recognition

� scanning cursor control

� sip and puff

� switches

� touch screens

� connection to computer

� portable/stand alone

� PS2 Connection

� specialized connection/cable

� USB port

� wireless

� output options

� American sign language

� Braille output

� captioning

� print or save results

� sound output for visual tasks

� tactile graphics

input options • Morse code

• one-handed keying

• on-screen keying

• programmable or large print

keyboard

• Scanning input

• voice recognition

� text to speech

� dynamic highlighting

� multiple voices

� reading rate control

� reads graphics descriptions

� reads instruction

� reads math equations

� reads menus, toolbars, and dialog boxes

� recorded human narration

� synthesized

� differentiation

� adjustable levels

� multiple activities and

� level

� multiple user profiles

� student control

� teacher control

� user data stored for progress monitoring

� embedded resources

� audio notes

� bookmarks

� calculator

� can export notes and tags

� e-dictionary

� editing or revising guide

� e-thesaurus

� highlighting

� outline template

� search and find

� text notes or tags

� word prediction

� customizable word list(s)

� dynamic

� reads suggested/selected words

� word cueing

� text-embedded prompts

� audio recorded prompts

� customizable error prompts/auto corrections

� customizable length suggestion list

� grammar check

� provides sentence clues

� reads suggested words and prompts

� spell check

� spelling auto-correction

� customizable interface

� adjustable rate

� adjustable repeat features

� adjustable response time

� adjustable sensitivity

� desktop view options

� font size and/or color

� sound /graphics off/on

� multilingual

� drafting

� draft can be created from note, web, or outline

� graphic web organizer

� outlining tool

The Kurzweil–National Federation of the Blind

Reader

• Reads most printed documents fromletters and memos to pages in a book.

• Stores thousands of printed pageswith easily obtainable extra memory.

• Transfers files to desktop and laptopcomputers or Braille notetakers.

• Reads documents from computers orother devices.

Kurzweil 3000 - Solutions for Struggling Readers

Kurzweil 3000 is the comprehensive reading, writing and learning

software solution for any struggling reader, including individuals

with learning difficulties, such as dyslexia, attention deficit disorder

or those who are English Language Learners.

Access to Any Curriculum

Increased Reading Fluency

Study Skills

Decoding Support

Writing and Self-Editing Tools

Independent Test Taking

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Text Readers

The Quicktionary II Translation Pen

� Students can hear English pronunciation� Students see English word and the

translation displayed together on the built-in-screen

� Ideal for ELL/ESL students

• Electronically scans text for accurate, organized notes.

• Recognizes many fonts and sizes, allowingstudents to take notes from a variety of sources.

• Portable scanner allow students to workquickly in class, at the library or at home.

Readingpen® Personal Reading Tutors

• Designed to improve the reading skills of all learners, the Readingpenmaintains the flow of reading as students encounter unfamiliar words.

• Students achieve smoother reading flow and increased fluency, comprehension and vocabulary

• Provides student with a "personal tutor" for independent study.

• Hear a single word/full line of text spoken out loud in seconds. See a word displayed in large font on the built-in screen.

Notetaker™

Electronic Highlighter Quickly Captures Information

• Notetaker accurately captures information from anypaper text and quickly deposits it into any speech-supported application

• Students can capture and study unfamiliar vocabulary

The QuickLink Pen

http://www.donjohnston.com

Picture It Create picture-supported documents for students who have difficulty linking images and words. • Create custom literacy materials quickly and

easily• Use images and text to build literacy skills• Adapt a wide range of materials and subjects

Clicker 5 Customize reading and writing materials for students with beginning to advanced literacy skills. Create on-screen books and talking communication boards for students developing early literacy.

Write:OutLoud is a talking word processor and writing software

program for students in grades 3-12.

• Students publish their work easily by "beaming" their finished

writing to the teacher or directly to the printerStudents Self-Evaluate and Revise their Writing with Audio Support• Auditory support fosters revision and editing skills because students

self-evaluate voice, word choice and sentence fluency with less

frustration

Dana® Wireless with Write:OutLoud® To Go and VoiceCard™

Laptop Alternative Provides Students More Opportunities to Write

Write:OutLoud

Talking word processor and writing software program

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Co:Writer SmartApplet

adds the power of

Co:Writer Linguistic Word Prediction™

intelligence to the AlphaSmart3000. Students get writing support at their desks and as they travel from home to school or from classroom to classroom. Grammar-smart word prediction helps students get to the word they want to write faster so they can write more.

BookWorm provides a simple and friendly way for students with disabilities to "read" their favorite books or classroom worksheets. By attaching the book pages or worksheets to the BookWorm, teachers can ensure that all students enjoy a similar reading experience. Students are able to "read" the book by listening to

your recorded voice.

The ClassMate Portable reading solution

Language

Simon S.I.O.

� Phonics Instruction for Every Student in Your Classroom

WordMaker

• Systematic Phonics Approach

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by Franklin Electronics

Children's Talking Dictionary

Students can view animated handwriting guide to demonstrate writing styles

Struggling students often substitute simpler words in their writing because they do not know how to look up words they cannot spell.

The is the reference tool that helps students locate words independently. Students enter a word phonetically and it displays the correct spelling and pronounces the word out loud.,

This tool also includes a rhyme finder

Children's Speller & Dictionary is a silent speller and dictionary so students can use it during regular class time without disturbing others.

• Creates a list of words for spelling practice• Confusable checker helps students make correct word choices

Spelling Ace & Thesaurus

This portable intervention contains a 110,000 word phonetic spell corrector.

This feature allows users to type in a word the way it sounds and receive a correction list. For example, "nolij" will find "knowledge"; "kaufee" will find "coffee" and so on.

Contains 500,000 synonyms and antonyms.

Franklin's Talking

Spanish-English Dictionary

• Students can listen to English or Spanish words for addedsupport

• Students can build their vocabulary with English or Spanish translation

• Ideal for ELL/ESL students

Speaking Language Master™

• For students challenged byblindness, visual or speech impairments, learning disabilities or dyslexia.

• Students build vocabulary bylistening to pronunciation and definitions of words.

• Complete in-depth definitions including multiple meanings and hyphenation.

• Students increase listening skills by slowing down thespeech feedback.

Franklin's Merriam-Webster Dictionary & Thesaurus™

Provides students with instant access to over 100,000 words and 500,000 synonyms. phonetic spell correction

The Confusable® tool lets students distinguish sound-alike words such as "hear" and "here".

Students can practice and study 4,600 SAT words

Students introduced to a "new" word each time unit is turned on

by Franklin Electronics

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“Tech”cessories

Using Signs for Communication

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Learning with Technology

Insert

Video

Here

Guided Learning

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References

David Horgan

Andrea Minear

Assistive Technologies

Melissa Marsh

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Definitions of Assistive TechnologyDefinitions of Assistive TechnologyDefinitions of Assistive TechnologyDefinitions of Assistive Technology

Devices and ServicesDevices and ServicesDevices and ServicesDevices and Services

The term “assistive technology device” means any item, piece of

equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off

the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase,

maintain, or improve functional capabilities of a child with a

disability.

1997 IDEA Amendments

Special Education Laws Regarding Special Education Laws Regarding Special Education Laws Regarding Special Education Laws Regarding

Assistive TechnologyAssistive TechnologyAssistive TechnologyAssistive Technology

� Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

� Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Section 504 or §504)

� Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

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IDEA IDEA IDEA IDEA Individuals with Disabilities EducationIndividuals with Disabilities EducationIndividuals with Disabilities EducationIndividuals with Disabilities Education ActActActAct

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a

federal law that requires states to provide eligible children

a "free and appropriate public education," or FAPE, in the

"least restrictive environment" (LRE). Under IDEA, FAPE

means special education and related services designed to

meet the unique needs of the student. LRE means that

students have access to the regular education curriculum

unless, with aids and services, they cannot receive FAPE in

regular education.

Section 504Section 504Section 504Section 504

of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973

� Section 504 prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities by educational entities that receive federal financial assistance—this includes all public K-12 schools and higher education institutions. Section 504 is very brief. It states that:

� No otherwise qualified individual with a disability . . . shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. 29 U.S.C. Section 794(a)

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ADAADAADAADA

Title II of the Americans with Disabilities ActTitle II of the Americans with Disabilities ActTitle II of the Americans with Disabilities ActTitle II of the Americans with Disabilities Act

The ADA broadly prohibits discrimination "on the basis of

disability in employment, programs and services provided

by state and local governments, goods and services

provided by private companies, and in commercial

facilities." Title II of the ADA is the specific section that

prohibits discrimination by public K-12 and postsecondary

educational institutions.

Title IITitle IITitle IITitle II� Title II requires that programs and services offered by state and local governments, including public educational settings, be accessible to individuals with disabilities unless creating such access causes a fundamental alteration or undue burden. The specific language of the law is:

� [N]o qualified individual with a disability shall, by reason of such disability, be excluded from participation in or be denied the benefits of the services, programs, or activities of a public entity, or be subjected to discrimination by any such entity. 42 U.S.C. Section 12132.

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Universal DesignUniversal DesignUniversal DesignUniversal Design

Universal design is the process of creating products (devices, environments, systems, and processes) which are usable by people with the widest possible range of abilities, operating within the widest possible range of situations (environments, conditions, and circumstances), as is commercially practical.

Other LawsOther LawsOther LawsOther Laws� The Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990

This law requires that manufacturers of television sets with screens 13 inches or larger, and manufactured for sale in the United States, must include closed caption decoder circuitry. The deadline for compliance with this Act was July 1993.

� Section 713 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996

requires that television program distributors (cable operators, broadcasters, and satellite distributors) phase in closed captioning of their television programs.

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Other LawsOther LawsOther LawsOther Laws

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation ActIncludes sections that deal specifically with multimedia accessibility. Specifically, the category "Web-based intranet and internet information and applications" includes one standard (b) that specifically addresses multimedia:

Equivalent alternatives for any multimedia presentation shall be synchronized with the presentation.

Other LawsOther LawsOther LawsOther Laws

National Center for Accessible

Media (NCAM) GuidelinesGuidelines for Making Educational Software and Web Sites Accessible. Guideline 2 is "Provide access to multimedia presentations for users with sensory disabilities" and includes the following two checkpoints:

� Checkpoint 2.1—Add audio descriptions to multimedia presentations.

� Checkpoint 2.2—Add closed captions to multimedia presentations.

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Other LawsOther LawsOther LawsOther Laws

IMS GuidelinesIMS Global Learning Consortium has developed a set of Guidelines for Developing Accessible Learning Applications. This set of guidelines includes a section (5.1.4) that addresses accessible delivery of multimedia. The guidelines in this section speak to the need for content creators to create accessible (captioned and video described) multimedia content, and to the need for learning systems developers to build support for accessible content into their systems.

Other LawsOther LawsOther LawsOther Laws� The Assistive Technology Act of 1998 provides grants to the states to address the assistive technology needs of individuals with disabilities."

� The RESNA Technical Assistance Project provides technical assistance to the 56 state assistive technology programs.

� Section 255 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 mandates that telecommunications equipment and services - including cell phones and plans - are provided so that someone with a disability can use them.

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References� Cooper, H. L., & Nichols, S. K. (2007). Technology and early

braille literacy: using the Mountbatten Pro Brailler in primary-grade classrooms. Journal of Visual Impairment, 101, 22-31. Retrieved September 10, 2007 from Academic Search Premier.

� ICommunicator Product Information. Retrieved October 24, 2007, from http://www.myicommunicator.com/productinfo/

� Strobel, W., Fossa, J., Arthanat, S., & Brace, J. (2006). Technology for access to text and graphics for people with visual impairments and blindness in vocational settings. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 24, 87-95. Retrieved September 10, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database.

� American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved October 24, 2007, from http://www.afb.org/afbpress/pub.asp?DocID=aw060208

References� American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved October 24, 2007, from

http://www.afb.org/message_board_replies.asp?TopicID=489&FolderID=5

� Assistive Technology Laws. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from Family Center on Technology and Disability Web site: http://www.fctd.info/resources/techlaws.php

� University of Washington, (2004). Lesson Eight—Accessible IT and the Law: or How IDEA, Section 504, and the ADA Apply to Accessible IT in Education. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from Introduction to Accessible Information Technology in Education Web site: http://access-it-online.info/webcourse/8/Lesson_8_1.asp

� FAPE, (2004). 1997' Individuals With Disabilities. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from Families and Advocates Partnership for Education Web site: http://www.fape.org/pubs/FAPE-13.pdf

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Internet Resources for Teachers� http://www.fape.org/pubs/FAPE-13.pdf

� http://www.fctd.info/resources/ATlaws_print.pdf

� Web Course on Accessible Information Technology http://www.washington.edu/accessit/webcourse.php

� http://www.sedbtac.org/