OSH ACT 1994

OSH ACT 1994

1. State the definitions of the following as stated in Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994?

a. Occupier

b. Place of work

(a) OccupierOccupier in relation to a place of work, means a person who has the management or control of the place of work.(b) Place of workPlace of work means premises where persons work or premises used for the storage of plant or substance.

2. Briefly explain what practicable means."Practicable" means practicable having regarded to; a) The severity of the hazard or risk in question b) The state of knowledge about the hazard or risk and any way of removing or mitigating the hazard or risk c) the availability and suitability of ways to remove or mitigate the hazard or risk d) the cost of removing or mitigating the hazard or risk;

3. State the objectives of the OSH Act 1994The objects of this Act are- a) To secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work against risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work. b) To protect person at a place of work other than persons at work against risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work. c) To promote an occupational environment for persons at work. This is adapted to their physiological and psychological needs. 4. What is the philosophy of OSH Act 1994?According to Section 16 of OSH Act, except in such cases as may be prescribed, it shall be the duty of every employer and every self-employed person to prepare and as often as may be appropriate revise a written statement of his general policy with respect to the safety and health at work of his employees and the organizations and arrangements for the time being in force for carrying out that policy and to bring the statement and any revision of it to the notice of all of his employees. The OSH policy demonstrates the company's concern, commitment and attempts to ensure safety and health of the employees. It acts as a basis for developing and implementing programmes for securing safety and health at the workplace.

5. What action can be taken by an occupational safety and health officer when he discovers a contravention of one of any provision of the OSH Act?In the event of any conflict or inconsistency between the provisions of this Act and that of any other written law pertaining to occupational safety and health, the provisions of this Act shall prevail and the conflicting or inconsistent provisions of such other written law shall, to the extent of the conflict or inconsistency, be construed as superseded.

6. State the duties of the Safety and health Officer.A safety and health committee is an important part of any preventative strategy to reduce lost time injuries and disease in the workplace. Recommend to the employer and employees the establishment, maintenance, and monitoring of programs, measures and procedures at the workplace relating to the safety and health of employees.7. What is mean by Self-regulation?

The provision of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 are based on the self-regulation scheme. Its primary responsibility is to ensure safety and health of work lies with those who create the risks and those who work with the risks. The concept of self-regulation encourages consultation, cooperation and participations of workers and management in efforts to upgrade the standards of safety and health at the workplace.

8. What are TWO main functions of OSH committee at the workplace?a) Keep under review the measures taken to ensure the safety and health of persons at the workplace.b) Investigate any matters at the workplace that is considered is not safe or is a risk to health and which has been brought to the attention of the employer.c) Investigate any matters which have been brought to the attention of the employer.d) Attempt to resolve any matter that is not safe or risky and if it is unable to do so, request the Director General of the Department of Occupational Safety and Health to carry out an inspection.HOUSEKEEPING1. What is meant by Good Housekeeping?Good housekeeping is one of the surest ways to identify a safe workplace. You can tell how workers' feel about safety just by looking at their housekeeping. Good housekeeping isn't the result of cleaning up once a week or even once a day. It's the result of keeping cleaned-up all the time. It's an essential factor in a good safety program, promoting safety, health, production, and morale.Other good housekeeping include keeping tools and equipment clean and in good shape or keeping hoses and cables or wires bundled when not in use. Broken glass should be picked up immediately with a broom and dustpan, never with bare hands. Be aware of open cabinet drawers, electric wires, sharp corners or protruding nails. Either correct the unsafe condition if you are able and it is safe to do so, or notify the person responsible for overall maintenance that something should be done.2. What are the risks of poor housekeeping?

The risks of poor housekeeping are;

a) Injuries, when employees, trip, fall, strike or are struck by out-of-place objects;

b) Injuries from using improper tools because the correct tool cant be found;

c) Lowered production because of the time spent maneuvering over and around someone elses mess, and time spent looking for proper tools and materials;

d) Time spent investigating and reporting accidents that could have been avoided;

e) Fires due to improper storage and disposal of flammable or combustible materials and wastes;3. List out the important factors observing good housekeeping planning.a) Dust and Dirt Removal b) Employee Facilities c) Surfaces d) Maintain Light Fixtures e) Aisles and Stairways

f) Spill Control

g) Tools and Equipment h) Maintenancei) Waste Disposal

j) Storage 4. Why must standards of safety be reviewed and brought up to date?

Standards of safety must be reviewed by employer for the safety of employee. It must be brought up to date due to:

a) The new equipment during workThere are many equipments and machines invented to make the work easier. The new machine can bring the new type of hazard. Standards of safety must be brought up to date to prevent this new hazard.

b) Illness during work

Illness can bring healthy problem to people during work. Handling with chemical substance and working at dangerous work place will expose to illness and high risk. ELECTRICAL SAFETY

1. What are the consequences of contact with electricity?a) ShockElectric shock is the effect produced on the body, particularly its nervous system, by electric current passing through it, and its effect depends on current strength (which in turn depends on voltage) the path the current takes through the body, the surface resistance of the skin and several other factors.b) DeathThe most common cause of death from shock is suffocation and it is highly desirable that persons dealing with electricity should be trained in resuscitation, with practice in both artificial respiration and in cardiac massage.c) BurnsThese are caused by the passage of heavy current through the body or by direct contact with an electrically heated surface. They may also be caused by the intense heat generated by arcing from a short-circuit. All cases of burns require immediate medical attention.d) ExplosionWhere flammable gases or vapors are present, special care is necessary in the design and selection of electrical equipment. In such areas, all equipment should be fully flameproof.2. List the causes of electricity failure.

Some of the causes of electric failure include: a) Faulty appliancesb) Damaged or frayed cords or extension leads c) Electrical appliances coming in contact with water d) Incorrect or deteriorated household wiring e) Downed power lines f) Lightning strike.3. How can electrical failures are prevented.a) Always hire a licensed electrician for all wiring jobs. b) Dont use extension leads or appliances if the cords are damaged or frayed. c) Dont remove a plug from a power point by pulling on the cord; pull the plug instead.4. What must a safe electrical installation consists of?

a) Free from Recognized Hazards

b) Labeling of Disconnects

c) Guarding of Live Parts

5. During electrical maintenance work, what are the safety procedures that should be engaged?The safety procedures that should be engaged during electrical maintenance work are the lockout/tag out procedures. Procedures for applying the lock/tag:

1. Before the shutdown, know the unit and power sources

2. Power down the equipment

3. Isolate the power source(s)

4. Apply the lock and/or tag

5. Use proper techniques, personal protective equipment, and test measuring

devices to verify that the electrical circuit is de-energized

6. Release residual energy

7. Try to power up

Procedure for removing the lock/tag:

1. Inspect machine and/or equipment

2. Give notification to personnel

3. Remove the lockout/tagout device

6. a. What is static electricity?

Static electricity is the situation where electrical charges build up on the surface of a material. It is called static because there is no current flowing as in AC or DC electricity. Static electricity is usually caused when materials are rubbed together. The result is that objects may be attracted to each other or may even cause a spark to jump from one object to the other. b. What are the hazards of static electricity?i. Portable Gasoline ContainersPortable containers can build up a static electric charge during transport. Consequently, when the container is not placed on the ground for filling, its static electricity could be discharged and result in a fire when filling begins. Containers are to be placed on the ground during filling and the nozzle kept in contact with the container. Containers are to be approved design. Containers are NOT to be filled while inside a vehicle or its trunk, the bed of a pickup truck, or the floor of a trailer, etc.ii. Customer Vehicle Fueling

Customers should discharge static electricity before fueling by touching a metal surface away from the nozzle and remain at the vehicle's fueling point even when using the nozzle's hold-open latch. The customer SHOULD NOT re-enter their vehicle during fueling. This re-entry could result in the customer becoming charged with static electricity and returning to the fueling point the static electricity could be discharged resulting in a fire. If a fire starts, do not remove the nozzle - back away immediately.c. What is the protective measure against Static Electricity?

a) Assembling equipment under electrostatic safe conditions in an electrostatic protected area (EPA).b) Installation of static preventative equipment can provide good protection against static damage, the effectiveness of these measures can be compromised by working practices, materials and equipment allowed into the EPA.c) Preventing dangerous build-up of static charges by grounding metallic objects, and replacing insulating materials with static dissipative materialsd) Evaluate capacitance and potential ESD energy from ungrounded conductorse) Reduce area of charged insulating surfaces to those recommended in PD CLC/TR

f) 50404:2003 [17]g) Add powders/solids to vessels containing solvents not vice versa ( to avoid coneASSIGNMENT

1. Explain briefly the history of OSH legislation in Malaysia.

The Occupational Safety and Heath Act, 1994 was gazetted on 24 February 1994. The Act, which provides the legislative framework to promote, stimulate and encourage high standards of safety and health at work, is a practical tool superimposed over existing safety and health legislation, such as the Factories and Machinery Act, 1967. So far, five regulations have been formed under the Act: a) Occupational Safety and Health (Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazard) Regulations 1996b) Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Committee) Regulations 1996 c) Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Packaging and Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals) Regulations1997 d) Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Officer) Regulations1997 Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Officer) Order1999 2. Write the philosophy and principle of the Occupational Safety and Health 1994. Also explain briefly its requirement?Responsibilities of employers, manufacturer, employees, self-employed workers, designers, importers and vendors to ensure safety and health at the work place. There are three main principles that had been taken as the foundation in the drafting of this Act.i. Self Regulationii. Consultationiii. Cooperation between employers and employees

Requirement:i. Project worth than RM 1 millionii. Project involves 100 and above workersiii. An employer employing 40 or more persons must establish a safety and health committee at the workplace3. What are the fifteen (15) divisions (bahagian) of Peraturan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan 1994?

a) Part I Preliminaryb) Part II - Appointment Of Officersc) Part III - National Council For Occupational Safety And Healthd) Part IV - General Duties of Employers and Self-Employed Personse) Part V - General Duties of Designers, Manufacturers and Suppliersf) Part VI - General Duties of Employeesg) Part VII - Safety and Health Organizationsh) Part VIII - Notification of Accidents, Dangerous Occurrence, Occupationali) Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, and Inquiryj) Part IX - Prohibition Against use of Plant or Substancek) Part X - Industry Codes of Practicel) Part XI - Enforcement and Investigationm) Part XII - Liability for Offensesn) Part XIII Appealso) Part XIV Regulationsp) Part XV Miscellaneous4. Write the (6) division (Bahagian) of Jawatankuasa Keselamatan dan Kesihatan.

a) Chairman

b) Secretary

c) Representative of employer (2 person if