GRC101Erika Sato

Assignment #2—Photography and Ethics

1. Photo manipulation that changes message/truth.

ORIGINAL AFTER MANIPULATION

Ann-Margre photo (left), and a manipulated TV guide magazine cover (right)

The images above are one of the example of photo manipulations that changes message/truth. In the TV Guide magazine, apparently, the model is Oprah Winfrey. However, the fact is that only her face is real and the rest of the body is created by manipulating the Ann-Margre’s original photo. This magazine cover does not show us real Winfrey. This kind of manipulation is done because the magazine can get more attention from consumers by letting Oprah Winfrey wear a georgeous dress with nice body in the cover.

2. Photo requiring a model release.

More Thank Skin Deep by Kim Nguyen. - FLUX magazine.

This is one of the example of a magazine article photo which requires a model release. The magazine company has to get a signature on a model release document from the man sitting on the middle of the photograph, or it cannot be published with his pictures on.

3. Example of a compilation requiring licensing.

Photo mosiacs by G. A. Viciedo (http://sites.google.com/site/gilbertoviciedo/Home/cpright)

This is an example of a photo compilation requiring licensing. This image consists of hundreds of different photographs which he got from Flickr website. As he mentioned that “the copyright of the original photos used for each mosaic is the property of the people who have posted on Flickr as it appears in this site. In all cases I have requested permission for its use,” he needs to get permission to use each of other’s artwork/photograph to create this photo masiacs.

4. Example of an ethically acceptable photo manilulation.

BEFORE AFTER

Euphoria (http://www.euphoria-imaging.com/portfolio/sample25.html)

The pictures above are the example of an ethically acceptable photo manipula-tion. In this before and after photos, hte model’s background has been manipulated. The bars behind her is erased, and the car lights looks like as if the photographer exposed longer. Also, the model in the before picture has dark shadows under her eyes, but it is manipulated and looks smooth in the after picture. Besides, chest area is manipulated to bigger and covered with shirt. This manipulation is considered as ethical because it makes the model more professional and does not ignore the ele-ments of the original photo.

5. An Example of fair use.

“HOPE” poster by Shepard Fairey

This poster is a good example of the fair use issues. The poster was based on an Associated Press photograph. The original photograph was taken by freelance photographer Mannie Garcia. This poster soon became an unofficial iconic 2008 presidential campaign poster and it had even been added to the permanent collection of the Washington, D.C. National Portrait Gallery. The artist Shepard Fairey had claimed that it is fair use but he withdrew this court case. It would be considered as fair use if this poster was created by a student for one of his class assignment and kept it for his own collection.