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AE1110x - Introduction to Aeronautical Engineering

Exercise1What do we mean when we say that Aeronautical Engineering is multidisciplinary?

A) You need a lot of people to build an aircraft

B) Designing an aircraft requires knowledge on many domainsC) Various perspectives lead to different visions on how an aircraft should look like.D) Aeronautical Engineering is a very difficult field of science.

Exercise2Below you see a picture of six different aircraft designs. Which picture belongs to which field of

expertise?

Figure 1: Ideal aircraft designs according to various disciplines.

Exercise3In this lecture the first powered, heavier-than-air, flight ever has been discussed: The Wright Broth-

ers flight with the Flyer I. This exercise serves as an illustration of the progress made since.

1) Look up what the distance (in metres) flown by the Wright brothers in their first flight was.

2) Now to get a sense of the progress, look up what the distance covered (in kilometres) by the

longest non-stop scheduled flight (as of November 2013) is.

Exercise4What is/are the distinct features of modern aircraft? (Multiple answers can be correct)A) The use of bigger enginesB) The use of new airfoilsC) The use of new materialsD) The use of longer fuselagesE) The distinct design for passenger/cargo transport

Exercises Lecture 1 - Introduction & Ballooning 1

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AE1110x - Introduction to Aeronautical Engineering

Exercise5Which of the following are advantages of the thick wing profiles, used from the 1930s onwards

(like in the Fokker V II shown below)? (Multiple answers can be correct)

Figure 2: The Fokker F VII (Image courtesy ofKitchener.lord, CC - BY - NC - ND)

A) Thick wings provide more liftB) Thick wings are easier to make structurally stiff enoughC) Thick wings are easier to maintainD) Thick wings make an aircraft more agileE) Thick wings can hold more fuel

Exercise6Earlier on youve looked up yourself the staggering difference between the distance travelled by the

Wright brothers and modern aircraft. Another example of the progress made is the travel time of

the Hindenburg of an Atlantic crossing.

Look up the record time (in hours) set for a double Atlantic crossing by the Hindenburg.

Exercise7What is the main reason that airships experience a high drag when moving?

A) Airships are not very aerodynamically shapedB) Airships are primarily designed to hang still in the airC) Airships fly at low altitudes, where the air density is highD) Airships have an enormous volume

Exercise8What is the modified equation of state which we will use in our lectures?

Exercise9A typical volume of a modern hot air balloon is 2500 cubic metres, and a typical maximum tem-

perature of the hot air is 120 degrees Celsius. Given these figures, and an outside air temperature

and density of 15C and 1.225 kg/m3 respectively, compute the maximum mass (in kilograms) of

the balloon, basket and payload.

2 Exercises Lecture 1 - Introduction & Ballooning

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AE1110x - Introduction to Aeronautical Engineering

Exercise10Suppose that, on a day when the outside temperature is 15 degrees Celsius, we fill a balloon with

pure nitrogen gas, of which the molar mass is 28 grams per mole. Now suppose that we want to

heat up a second (equally large) balloon containing air, such that it generates the same amount of

lift.

To what temperature (in degrees Celsius) should we heat up the second balloon?

Exercise11Some say that the hot air balloons with which the Montgolfier brothers performed their first flight

had a volume of 1700 cubic metres and could lift 780 kilograms (that includes the balloon, basket

and payload). Assume that the balloon took off on a day when the sea level pressure was 1013.25

hPa.

Given an outside temperature of 10.0 degrees Celsius, compute the temperature of the air (in

degrees Celsius) in the balloon.

Exercise12Others say that the Montgolfier brothers balloon was 23 metres high and 14 metres wide. Calculate

the temperature of the air in the balloon (in degrees Celsius) for this situation as well. (Assume

the balloon to be spherical, and then elongated by a factor 23/14 in height).

Exercise13During the lecture Mr. Hoekstra posed the question: "How many hot air party balloons could you

safely carry before getting airborne?" This is exactly what we will find out now! (Before makingthis exercises, first make an educated guess!)

Suppose that a party balloon is spherical, has a radius of 16 centimetres and is filled with helium.

Furthermore suppose that we do our experiment under standard atmospheric conditions, when the

air density is = 1.225kg/m3. How many of these balloons should a 75 kilogram human carry in

order to become airborne?

Exercises Lecture 1 - Introduction & Ballooning 3