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ASSIGNMENT NO.1

STUDENT NAME: ROOH UL AMIN

REG NO : A1EWT-216005

SUBJECT : PRODUCTION AUTOMATION

Topic : PRODUCTION AUTOMATION

VS

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

PROGRAMM: B.TECH (Mech) 4 YEAR (WEEKEND)

SEMESTER: SUMMER 2016

______________________________________________________________________

AUTOMATION

The technique, method, or system of operating orcontrolling a process by highly

automatic means, as by electronic devices, reducing humanintervention to a minimum.

ORThe operation of a mechanical device operated electronically, that

functions automatically, without continuous input from an operator.

ORThe use of methods for controlling industrial

processes automatically, especially by electronically

controlled systems, often reducing manpower.

Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical,

hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices and computers, usually in

combination. Complicated systems, such as modern factories, airplanes and ships

typically use all these combined techniques.

Is automation “good” or “bad”? There are arguments on both sides of this issue.

On one hand the cost of production on a per item basis is generally lower, on the other

hand it is often said that automation takes jobs from people.

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PRODUCTION AUTOMATION

A process in the development of mechanized production in which the control and

monitoring functions previously performed by humans are transferred to instruments

and automatic devices. Automation of production is the basis of the development of

modern industry and a general trend in technical progress. Its goal is to improve the

efficiency of labor and the quality of manufactured products and to create conditions for

the optimum utilization of all production resources.

ADVANTAGES OF PRODUCTION AUTOMATION 1. Reduction in production time

A machine that is automated definitely speeds up the production time since no

thinking is needed by the machine; there is better repeatability, and less human error.

2. Increase in accuracy and repeatability When an automated machine is programmed to perform a task over and over again,

the accuracy and repeatability compared to an employee is far greater.

3. Higher volume production Investing in automated equipment creates a valuable resource for large production

volumes, which in turn, will increase profitability.

4. Decrease in Part Cycle Time

A lean manufacturing line is crucial for increasing efficiency.  Robotics can work

longer and faster which increases production rate

5. Better Production Control Automation results in better control of the speed and flow of production as a result of

highly mechanical sequencing.

6. Reduce Production Cost   A quick return on investment (ROI) outweighs the initial setup costs. Robots are so

accurate that the amount of raw material used can be reduced, decreasing costs on

waste.

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DISADVANTAGES OF PRODUCTION AUTOMATION 1. Less versatility By having a machine that can perform a certain task limits to the flexibility and variety

of tasks that an employee could do.

2. Technology limits. Nowadays technology is not able to automatize all the desired tasks.

3. Large initial investment Automated machines can be one of the most costly operating costs for a company.

With automated machines running anywhere between thousands and millions of

dollars depending on the type and degree of automation.

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

Industrial automation is the use of control systems, such as computers or robots,

and information technologies for handling different processes and machineries in an

industry to replace a human being. It is the second step beyond mechanization in the

scope of industrialization. Industrial automation covers both "Mass production" and

"Assymbly lines" in an industry either it is agriculture, aerospace or automobile etc.

industry.

Industrial automation is the use of control systems (such as numerical control,

programmable logic control, and other industrial control systems), in concert with other

applications of information technology (such as computer-aided technologies

[CAD, CAM, CAx] to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for

human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond

mechanization by use of robotic devices to complete manufacturing tasks. Whereas

mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the

physical requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory

and mental requirements as well

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ADVANTAGES OF INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION 1. Less human error

No one is perfect, and we are all prone to making mistakes. Which is why a machine

that performs repeated tasks is less likely to make mistakes than an employee?

2. Less employee costs By adding automated machines to an operation, means less employees are needed to

get the job done. It also indicates less safety issues, which leads to financial savings. 

With having fewer employees, there are numerous costs that are diminished or

reduced such as payroll, benefits, sick days, and etcetera.

3. Increased safety  Having automated machines means having fewer employees who perform tasks that

can be dangerous and prone to injury, which can make the work environment safer.

4. Higher volume production Investing in automated equipment creates a valuable resource for large production

volumes, which in turn, will increase profitability.

DISADVANTAGES OF INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION 1. More pollution Different types of machines operate using motor which may require gases or

chemicals in order to operate. This can cause an increase in pollution in the

workplace.

2. Increase in unemployment  By increasing the amount of automation, there are less employees required causing

high unemployment rates.

3. Unpredictable costs There can be several unpredictable costs that may exceed the actual cost saved by

the automation itself. Some of these costs could include research and development

costs of automating a process, preventative maintenance costs, and the cost of

training employees to operate automated machines.