Asset management begins with correct water treatment

Correct Water Treatment:

A starting point for proper Asset Management:

Correct water treatment specified for an installation –

• Help optimize life cycles for criticalsystem components, such as:

• Boilers, Heat Exchangers, Pipes & Fittings etc.

• Expensive chemicals may no longer be required –

• so contributing to OPEX plus

• Health & Safety.

• Secure operation, less downtime.

Danish District Heating Association

Correct water treatment –help to avoid severalcorrosion types of pipes etc.

• Corrosion type:

• Pitting

• Microbial subject to corrosion

• Coating corrosion / Covering corrosion

Correct water treatment –help eliminate/minimizebiofilm and deposits.• Minimizing formation of deposits

• Minimizing formation of biofilm, of which bacteria live.

• Improve efficiency in heat transmission

• Oxygen in water causes corrosion

• Corrosion leads to water leakages

• Corrosion reduce lifetime cycle forkey assets such as pipes, fittings, heat exchangers etc.

• Costs for interruption of supplyduring maintenance / replacement of pipes etc.

In conclusion:

• Added operational costs (OPEX)

for the district heating company -

if water treatment not correct !!

Take care of KEY ASSETS!

Protect your Investment

Today‘s speaker:

Jørn Urup NielsenGroup Director Sales.EUROWATER – Denmark.Leading, European Water Treatment ManufacturerDH / CHP / WtE – EfW / Boiler Heating Plants a.o.

Focus on District Heating for several years.

Awarded ”Person of The Year 2014”- By Danish Board of District Heating.

Worked with international utility business since 1993.

• Danish manufacturer of watertreatment solutions (since 1936)

• Approx. 400 employees

• 23 sales- & service branches, Continental Europe.

• Global installations.

• LARGEST BUSINESS SEGMENT: District Heating, CHP/WtE & Boiler Heating Plants.

• APPLICATIONS:Make-up water,

• circulation water,

• boiler water,

• flue gas condensation &

• cooling water.

Filtration of water - From ground water to pure water

Ground waterConductivity app.

30-800 µS/cm

Drinking waterConductivity app.

30-800 µS/cm

Softened waterConductivity app.

30-800 µS/cm

Demineralized waterConductivity app.

5-30 µS/cm

Ultra-pure waterConductivity app. 0.06 – 0.2 µS/cm

Removed elementsIron (Fe++)Manganese (Mn++)Ammonium (NH4

+)Nitrite (NO2

-) Aggressive carbon dioxide (CO2)Phosphorus (P) Arsenic (As+++) Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) Methane (CH4)

Removed elementsCalcium (Ca++)Magnesium (Mg++)

Removed elements98 % saltsPotassium (K+)Sodium (Na+)Chloride (CI-)Nitrate (NO3

-)Sulphate (SO4

--)Silicic acid (SIO4

-)Alkalinity (HCO3

-)

Removed elementsSodium (Na+)Chloride (CI-)Nitrate (NO3

-)Sulphate (SO4

--)Silicic acid (SIO4

-)Alkalinity (HCO3

-)

Examples of components of water• Inorganic salts

Calcium, magnesium, sodium, ammonium, iron, manganese, bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, fluoride, nitrate and silica

• Organic compoundsHumus, gasoline/oil, solvents and pesticides

• ParticlesSand, organic matter, rust and colloids

• Micro organismsBacteria, viruses, algae and fungi

• GasesCarbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, methane and hydrogen sulphide

• Heavy metalsZink, chrome, nickel, copper, lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic

Water Treatment for District Heating

Make-up Water and Circuit Water

Softening Units – soften water only through use of salt.Up to 150 m³

SM/SG SMH/SML/SMP SFH/SFHG STFA

10

5

1

0,5

0,5 1,0 5,0 10 50 100

0,1

0,1 MW

Plant size

An

nu

alex

chan

gera

te

Softened water

Desalinated water

Intermedia stage

Indication for choice of water treatment in make-up water

Smaller systems adapt experiences from larger CHP Plants – due to TOC (Total Cost of Ownership – Life Cycle Expectancy etc.)

Problem if water is not desalinated• Salts, bacteria, virus, pesticides, etc. exist in your water cycle.

In district heating salt contributes to corrosion, and serves as nutrients for bacteria.

Solution:Reverse osmosisunits (RO)Removes:

• Salts

• Bacteria

• Virus

• Pesticides

In district heating salt contributes to corrosion. and also nutrients to bacteria.

RO B1Flow up to 2.0 m3/h

RO A1Flow up to 180 L/h

RO B2Flow up to 14 m3/h

RO C4RO C3Flow up to 38 m3/h

Membrane unit – 75-80% recovery

75%

25%

Membrane units – 85-90% recovery

Reduction in wastewater = 40-60%

Overview

Features of RO-plants

• Retains 95 – 99 % of water salts

• Retains <90 % the waters organicmaterial

• CO2 and O2 is not retained!

Further treatment needed

• Degassing

• Dosage with NaOH– to raise/adjust pH (9,8 +/- 0,2)

Problem: Oxygen

- not removed by softening/desalination

Oxygen: O2

This picture:

Oxygen corrosion due to a high level of oxygen and

low pH-value in a district heating make-up water.

Asset ManagementSolution:Remove the Oxygen

At low partial pressure we can remove a gas / oxygen from water – using a membrane degasser.

Membrane Degasserand compactnitrogen generatorInstallation for make-up water

-------------------------------------------

Alternative removal of oxygen is typically by use of chemicals.

Chemicals serves as nutricent for bacterias.

The decomposed chemicals results in increased conductivity.

Problem:ParticlesParticles from drinking water and corrosion products, sand and organic material can cause serious blockages of heat exchangers, erode components and cause corrosion in the district heating system.

Solution:Bag filtrationOperational problems due to particles:

• Abrasive effect

• Water meters brake and becomeinaccurate

• Corrosion preventing magnetite film compromised

• Sludge formation

• Removal of magnetic particles with magnet insert

• Non-magnetic particles removed with filter bags (5-10µ)

End User Benefits

• Reduction of chemical consumption (>90%)

• Improved Health & Safety Issues for operational staff.

• Optimized life cycles for pipes, heat exchangers, boilers.

• Minimize interruptions of supply to consumers – due to less corroding pipes etc.

• Lower costs related to repairs/replacement of corrodedpipes & other capital equipment in plant and network.

• Lower water losses – less water leakage (cost savings). This is also causing an energy saving (pumped water).

• Less customer complaints (interruption of supply).

OPEX advantages

Environmental & image (H&S)

Key Message from Danish District Heating Association

Recommendation by Danish District Heating Association:

• Avoid corrosion of expensive pipes, fittings etc. in networks + assets in plants (boilers, heat exchangers etc.).

• Minimize usage of chemicals.

• Remove oxygen(strongest solution: Membrane Degasser).

How it works:Short Video (3 min.) Testimonial from a Danish District Heating company, who has implemented the water treatment recommendations from Danish District Heating Association.

www.eurowater.com

Energie Steiermark in Graz, Austriarecently replaced their existing water treatment plant for producing make-up water to district heating.

One of their main concerns was to

avoid the use of chemicals.

By using a double pass RO Plant, membrane degasser and EDI Plant from EUROWATER, ultrapure water of a very high quality is produced.

(An EDI plant is used after RO for polishing demineralized water to obtain low levels of conductivity and silica).

Take care of yourkey assets!Thank you for listening.