Assessment of the Emotional and Physical Well

7/29/2019 Assessment of the Emotional and Physical Well

1/43

Assessment of the emotional and physical well-being of

primigravida towards safe motherhood in selected birthing

center at general mariano alvarez, cavite


2/43

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Being a young mother in an industrialized country can affect

one's education. Teen mothers are more likely to drop out of high

school. Recent studies, though, have found that many of these

mothers had already dropped out of school prior to becoming

pregnant, but those in school at the time of their pregnancy were

as likely to graduate as their peers.[citation needed] One study in

2001 found that women who gave birth during their teens

completed secondary-level schooling 10-12% as often and pursued

post-secondary education 14-29% as often as women who waited

until age 30.

Almost every woman notices some immediate feelings of

sadness after childbirth. The puerperium is the period beginning

after delivery and ending when the womans body has returned as

closely as possible to its pre-pregnant state. This probably occurs

as a response to the anticlimactic feeling after birth and probably is

related to hormonal shifts as estrogen, progesterone and

corticotrophin-releasing hormone levels in her body decline.


3/43

Statement of the Problem

This research about the Assessment of the emotional and

physical well-being of primigravida towards safe motherhood in

selected birthing center at general mariano alvarez, cavite.

Specifically it tried to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents as to:

1.1 age

1.2 civil status

1.3 educational attainment

1.4 occupation

2. Are you familiar with taking care of your newborn?

3. Are you well informed about how to cope up with your moods

after birth?

4. Do you think that a seminar for new mothers could be helpful?

5. Are you familiar with the term post-partum?

6. Can you provide everything for your child to make sure about

his health?


4/43

7. does your doctor told you about the importance of undergoing

seminars to help you cope up with your situation?

8. Do you take care of your infant yourself?

9. Can you be a mother at your age?

10. Are there people who support you as a first time mother?


5/43

Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to provide essential

information to students, educators, parents and other significant

readers on the Assessment of the emotional and physical well-being

of primigravida towards safe motherhood in selected birthing center

at general mariano alvarez, cavite.

Secondary objectives include:

1. To determine the different views and performance of

the respondents(primigravida) for their first born.

2. To evaluate the level of knowledge acquired on taking

care of newborn of the respondents.

3. To identify the factors that influence the strengths and

weaknesses of the knowledge of these primigravida for

their newborn.


6/43

Importance of the Study

This study entitled Assessment of the emotional and physical

well-being of primigravida towards safe motherhood in selected

birthing center at general mariano alvarez, cavite the following will

benefit from this study:

a. Students. They will gain knowledge and understanding

on the primigravidas emotional and physical well being

and how teach them.

b. Clinical instructors. They would be guided

accordingly on how to teach their students on what

primigravida is all about.

c. Family. They would understand how to take care of

their first newborn baby.

d. Primigravida mothers. They would understand what

they could feel after giving birth and how to cope up

with it.


7/43

Scope and limitation

This study deals mainly with the Assessment of the emotional

and physical well-being of primigravida towards safe motherhood.

1. to be able to indicate the history and meaning of

pregnancy and child bearing the researchers go to the

library and research for its history and meaning;

2. they also visited website of this topic;

3. also the researchers has able to spread questionnaires to

people that is involved in their topic;

4. listing only important information is the first thing they do;

5. secondly the researchers edited the data they gathered;


8/43

Theoretical Framework

INPUT OUTPUT PROCESS

1.

Assessment of theemotional andphysical well-being ofprimigravida towardssafe motherhood

To determine whether

primigravida mothers

emotional and physical

well-being is affected.

the emotional and physical

well-being of primigravida

women is proven with the

current research and

information that is

acknowledge by the

professionals and thus

they are affected by their

status and should be

taken care of.


9/43

Definition of Terms

Primigravida a medical term that correspond to a mother

who gave birth to her first baby (gets pregnant on her first child)

Pregnancy - the condition of being pregnant

Prevalence - the degree to which something is prevalent;

especially : the percentage of a population that is affected with a

particular disease at a given time

Termination - the act of terminating

Induced - to move by persuasion or influence b : to call forth

or bring about by influence or stimulation

Spontaneous - proceeding from natural feeling or native

tendency without external constraint

Exclusion - the act or an instance of excluding

Chronic - marked by long duration or frequent recurrence :

not acute

Compliance - the act or process of complying to a desire,

demand, or proposal or to coercion b : conformity in fulfilling official

requirements


10/43

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

RELATED LITERATURE

In few women, these normal feelings continue beyond the

immediate postpartal period. In addition to an overall feeling of

sadness, the woman may notice extreme fatigue, an inability to

stop crying, increased anxiety about her own or her infants health,

insecurity, psychosomatic symptoms and either depressive or manic

mood fluctuations. Depression that continues in this way is termed

postpartal depressions and reflects a more serious problem.

Risk factors for postpartal depression include a history of

depression, a troubled childhood, stress in the home or at work,

lack of self-esteem, or lack of effective support people. Low seld-

esteem may be a major contributing factor. Differences between a

woman wanting a pregnancy and her partner not wanting it could

play a major role.

It is difficult to predict which women will develop postpartal

depression before birth of their baby because birth can result in

varied reactions; if they can be identified, pregnancy counseling


11/43

may be able to prevent symptoms. For women who have not been

identified as at risk, the discovery of the problem as soom as

symptoms develop is a nursing priority. The woman will need

counseling and possibly antidepressant therapy to integrate the

experience of childbirth into her life. This is crucial to development

of a healthy maternal-infant bond, to the health of any other

children in the family, and to overall family functioning.

As many as 1 woman in 500 presents enough symptoms in

the year after birth of a child to be considered psychiatrically ill.

This statistic represents the current rate of overall mental illness.

Because the illness coincides with the postpartal period it has been

called postpartal psychosis. Rather than being a response to the

physical aspects of child bearing. However, it is probably a

response to the crisis of childbearing. The majority of these women

will have had symptoms of mental illness before the pregnancy. If

the pregnancy had not precipitated the illness, a death in the

family, the loss of husbands job, a divorce or osme other major life

crisis would probably have precipitated the same recurrence.

The woman usually appears exceptionally sad. By definition,

psychosis exists when a person has lost contact with reality. The


12/43

woman with a childbearing psychosis may deny that she has had a

child and, when the child is brought to her, insist that she was

never pregnant. She may voice thoughts of infanticide or that the

infant is possessed. When observation tells you that a woman is

not functioning in reality, you cannot improve her concept of reality

by a simple measure such as explaining what a correct perception

is. Her sensory input is too disturbed to comprehend this. In

addition, she may interpret your attempts as threatening. A

psychosis is a severe mental illness that requires referral to a

professional psychiatric counselor and antipsychotic medication.


13/43

Always keep in mind that, although rare, postpartum

psychosis does exists. Remembering that childbearing can lead to

this degree of mental illness helps you to put childbearing into

perspective. For some people, childbearing is such a crisis in their

lives that it can trigger mental illness. Certainly, it cannot be

considered an everyday incident in anyones life.

In the case of genetic disease, options often exist for

presymptomatic diagnosisthat is, diagnosis of individuals at risk

for developing a given disorder, even though at the time of

diagnosis they may be clinically healthy. Options may even exist for

carrier testing, studies that determine whether an individual is at

increased risk of having a child with a given disorder, even though

he or she personally may never display symptoms. Accurate

predictive information can enable early intervention, which often

prevents the clinical onset of symptoms and the irreversible

damage that may have already occurred by waiting for symptoms

and then responding to them. In the case of carrier testing,

accurate information can enable prospective parents to make more-

informed family-planning decisions. Unfortunately, there can also

be negative aspects to early detection, including such issues as

privacy, individual responses to potentially negative information,


14/43

discrimination in the workplace, or discrimination in access to or

cost of health or life insurance. While some governments have

outlawed the use of presymptomatic genetic testing information by

insurance companies and employers, others have embraced it as a

way to bring spiraling health-care costs under control. Some

communities have even considered instituting premarital carrier

testing for common disorders in the populace.

Genetic testing procedures can be divided into two different

groups: (1) testing of individuals considered at risk from phenotype

or family history and (2) screening of entire populations, regardless

of phenotype or personal family history, for evidence of genetic

disorders common in that population. Both forms are currently

pursued in many societies. Indeed, with the explosion of

information about the human genome and the increasing

identification of potential risk genes for common disorders, such

as cancer, heart disease, or diabetes, the role of predictive genetic

screening in general medical practice is likely to increase.

At present, adults are generally tested for evidence of genetic

disease only if personal or family history suggests they are at

increased risk for a given disorder. A typical example would be a


15/43

young man whose father, paternal aunt, and older brother have all

been diagnosed with early onset colorectal cancer. Although this

person may appear perfectly healthy, he is at significantly increased

risk to carry mutations associated with familial colorectal cancer,

and accurate genetic testing could enable heightened surveillance

(e.g., frequent colonoscopies) that might ultimately save his life.

Carrier testing for adults in most developed nations is

generally offered only if family history or ethnic origins suggest an

increased risk of having a particular disease. A typical example

would be to offer carrier testing for cystic fibrosis to a couple

including one member who has a sibling with the disorder. Another

would be to offer carrier testing for Tay-Sachs disease to couples of

Ashkenazic Jewish origin, a population known to carry an increased

frequency of Tay-Sachs mutations. The same would be true for

couples of African or Mediterranean descent with regard to sickle

cell anemia or thalassemia, respectively. Typically, in each of these

cases a genetic counselor would be involved to help the individuals

or couples understand their options and make informed decisions.

Screening of large unphenotyped populations for evidence of

genetic disease is currently pursued in most industrialized nations


16/43

only in the newborn population, although future developments in

the identification of risk genes for common adult onset disorders

may change this policy. So-called mandated newborn screening was

initiated in many societies in the latter quarter of the 20th century

in an effort to prevent the drastic and often irreversible damage

associated with a small number of relatively common genetic

disorders whose sequelae can be either prevented or significantly

relieved by early detection and intervention. The general practice is

to collect a small sample of blood from each newborn, generally by

pricking the infant's heel and collecting drops of blood on special

filter paper, which is then analyzed. Perhaps the best-known

disorder screened in this manner is phenylketonuria (PKU), an

autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism discussed in the

section Autosomal recessive inheritance. With early diagnosis and

dietary intervention that is maintained throughout life, children with

PKU can escape mental retardation and grow into healthy adults

who lead full and productive lives. Although many of the genetic

disorders currently tested by mandated newborn screening are

metabolic in nature, this trend is beginning to change. For example,

in some communities newborns are screened for profound

congenital hearing loss, which is now known to be frequently


17/43

genetic in origin and for which effective intervention is now

available (e.g., through cochlear implants).

Genetic tests themselves can take many forms, and the

choice of tests depends on a number of factors. For example,

screening for evidence of sickle cell anemia, a hemoglobin disorder,

is generally pursued at least initially by tests involving the

hemoglobin proteins themselves, rather than DNA, because the

relevant gene product (blood) is readily accessible, and because the

protein test is currently cheaper to perform than the DNA test. In

contrast, screening for cystic fibrosis, a disorder that predominantly

affects the lungs and pancreas, is generally pursued in the at-risk

newborn at the level of DNA because there is no cheap and

accurate alternative. Older persons suspected of having cystic

fibrosis, however, can also be diagnosed with a sweat test that

measures sweat electrolytes.

Tests involving analysis of DNA are particularly powerful

because they can be performed using very tiny samples; also, the

DNA tested can originate from almost any tissue type, regardless of

whether the gene of interest happens to be expressed in that

tissue. Current technologies applied for mutation detection include


18/43

traditional karyotyping and Southern blotting, as well as a multitude

of new tests, including FISH with specific probes or the polymerase

chain reaction (PCR), which refers to an enzymatic process by

which specific regions of the genome can be amplified for molecular

study. Which tests are applied depends on whether the genetic

abnormalities are likely to be chromosomal (in which case

karyotyping or FISH are appropriate), large deletions or other

rearrangements (best tested for by Southern blotting or PCR), or

point mutations (best confirmed by PCR followed by oligonucleotide

hybridization or restriction enzyme digestion). If a large number of

different point mutations are sought, as is often the case, the most

appropriate technology may be microarray hybridization analysis,

which can test for tens to hundreds of thousands of different point

mutations in the same sample simultaneously.

RELATED STUDIES


19/43

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

METHODS OF RESEARCH USED

The descriptive normative survey method of research was

used because it is fact finding with adequate interpretations

involving descriptions and recording. Furthermore the purpose of

this kind of research is to report the present status of the emotional

and physical well-being of primigravida towards safe motherhood in

selected birthing center at general mariano alvarez, cavite. The

researchers referred to the problem of the study in constructing the

categories to be used in coding. In coming up with the different

categories, the researchers inferred from the review of related

literature and looked into the different observations of different

topics.

SAMPLE AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE

The researchers conducted the research study at selected

birthing center at general mariano alvarez, cavite. The study

focused particularly on primigravida mothers. The researchers


20/43

limited the number of respondents to 50 primigravida mothers who

were chosen to take the survey questionnaire.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

In gathering instrument, the researcher uses questionnaire in

gathering information, and observation and also uses interview.

And the other information gathered from internet and medical

books


21/43

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

First the researchers look for different information about post-

partum mother and newborn caring, from the internet, books,

encyclopedias and magazines. Then we list important data about

primigravida mothers. Next is we type all the data we gathered

and we divide it to different sections and different topics.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

The following statistics are used:

Percentage - This was used to find out part of relation of the

score of one respondent to the whole group.

Ranking - This showed how the scores of a respondents to

the group

Mean - This was used to get a representative score of the

group.

Frequency - This is used to determine the number of

responses as perceived by the respondents or the different

categories included in the study.

% = f / n x 100


22/43

Where: % - percentage

f frequency of response

n total # respondents which is equivalent to 100


23/43

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

TABLE I

AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

CATEGORIES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

13-16 3 7

17-19 26 52

20-up 21 41

TOTAL 50 100%

According to this table there more mothers with age 15-16 years

old with 52% and with 26 respondents out of 50.

This means that there are more mothers in General Mariano Cavite

that are teenagers. A mother at a very young age.


24/43

TABLE II

CIVIL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS


MARRIED 14 31

SINGLE 17 34

COMMON LAW 19 38

TOTAL 50 100%

According to this table there more mothers that we interviewed that

are practicing common law or living in, it is 38% with 19

respondents and secondly is the single category which is 34% with

17 respondents.

This means that there are more mothers in general mariano cavite

that are not married and practicing common law or they are all a

single teenage mother.


25/43

TABLE III

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF THE RESPONDENTS


ELEMENTARY

GRADUATE

3 7

HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL 26 52

HIGH SCHOOL

GRADUATE

21 41

TOTAL 50 100%

This table shows that there are more high school level mothers than

any of the three categories. With their age they are not fully aware

of the immunization that a child need, and especially on being a

mother at a very young age. Most of mothers in general mariano

cavite are only high school undegraduate.


26/43

TABLE IV

AWARENESS OF THE RESPONDENTS TO QUESTIONS

Are you familiar with taking care of your newborn?


YES 35 70

NO 9 18

MAYBE 6 12

TOTAL 50 100%

70 percent answers that they heard about taking care of their

babies, 9 said they are not familiar with it and only 6 are confused

about this term.

Meaning that in general mariano cavite, most the mothers knows

about taking care of their babies.


27/43

TABLE V


Are you well informed about how to cope up with your

moods after birth?


YES 35 70

NO 9 18

MAYBE 6 12

TOTAL 50 100%

70 percent said that they are informed how to cope up with their

moods, while 9 said they dont know anything about it and only 6

were confused.

This means that there is a large number of mothers who has

knowledge about how to cope up with their moods after birthing

importance than those who do not understand it.


28/43

TABLE VI


Do you think that a seminar for new mothers could be

helpful?


YES 27 54

NO 8 16

MAYBE 15 30

TOTAL 50 100%

27 our of 50 respondents nodded with this question, while 15 are

not that sure and only 8 disagree with this fact.

This means that there are more number of mothers who agree that

a seminar could help them.


29/43

TABLE VII


Are you familiar with the term post-partum?

CATEGORIES

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

YES 45 90

NO 0 0

MAYBE 5 10

TOTAL 50 100%

Accordingly, this only shows that most of the post partum

mothers with 90% think that the term post partum is a part of their

attitudes after giving birth, and only 10% answers maybe.


30/43

TABLE IX


Can you provide everything for your child to make sure

about his health?


YES 3 7

NO 26 52

MAYBE 21 41

TOTAL 50 100%

52 percent of the respondents that they cannot provide money for

their babys needs, 41 percent said that maybe they can provide

and only 7 percent relatively answers yes.

Meaning the mothers in birthing centers in general mariano cavite

cannot provide the money for their children.


31/43

TABLE X


does your doctor told you about the importance of

undergoing seminars to help you cope up with your

situation?


YES 50 100%

NO 0 0

MAYBE 0 0

TOTAL 50 100%

All of the 50 respondents agrees that their doctor told them about

the this kind of seminar.

Meaning that all the Doctors in general mariano cavite knows how

to take care of their patients.


32/43

TABLE XI


can you take care of your infant yourself?


YES 8 14

NO 5 10

MAYBE 38 76

TOTAL 50 100%

38 out of 50 respondents said that maybe they can take care of

their infant by themselves, 8 said yes and only 5 said no.

This means that there are still more mothers in general mariano

cavite who do not have proper education on how to be a mother.


33/43

TABLE XII


can you be a mother at your age?


YES 8 14

NO 5 10

MAYBE 38 76

TOTAL 50 100%

A total number of 76 percent out of 100% dont have the right

answer to this question, can you be a mother at your young age?

14% nodded that they can be a mother because they know how to

and only 10% directly said they cannot be.

This means that there are still more mothers in selected birthing

center in general mariano alvarez cavite who are not yet ready to

be a mother.


34/43

TABLE XIII


Are there people who support you as a first time mother?


YES 3 7

NO 26 52

MAYBE 21 41

TOTAL 50 100%

52% answers No that there are no people who supports them as a

young mother, and 41% answered maybe and only 7% has positive

answers that there are people who support them as a young

mother.

This shows that mothers in general mariano cavite really suffers

from post-partum because of lack of people who support them in

their new status.


35/43

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDAITON

SUMMARY

The study sought to define the factors affecting emotional and

physical well-being of primigravida mothers in selected birthing

center at general mariano alvarez, cavite. It wanted to share the

strategies, enhance knowledge about how to deal with post partum

primigravida mothers. The questions were used in able to

investigate and observed the facts is based on Chapter 1;

1. What is the profile of the respondents as to:

1.1 age

1.2 civil status

1.3 educational attainment

1.4 occupation



after birth?

4. Do you think that a seminar for new mothers could be helpful?


36/43



his health?







37/43

Conclusion

Based from the major findings written in this thesis paper the

following conclusions are made ;

More and more Filipino women are practicing common law

and do not believe in marriage anymore;

Post partum mother should be well taken care of in able to

help them cope up with the new world that they made.

This study will help the soon-to-be mother and their partner

on how they could take care of their newborn;


38/43

Recommendation

Based from the major findings and conclusions drawn the

following recommendations are written;

Seek and maintain medical advice and support

Limit distractions

Encourage movement and exercise

Don't take aggression and combativeness personally

Offer encouragement

Attend support group meetings

Utilize supportive services in the community


39/43

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A Society of Gentleman in Scotland ; Encyclopedia

Britannica ; 2000 edition

Funk and Wagnalls Company ; Funk and Wagnalls

Encyclopedia ; 2004 edition

www.columbiaencyclopedia.com

Department of Health Magazine ; 2004 editions

Fishbein ; Medical and Health Encyclopedia ; 2000 edition

Pilliteri, Adel ; Maternal and Child Health Nursing

Wongs ; Pediatric Nursing

Black ; Medical-Surgical Nursing
http://www.columbiaencyclopedia.com/http://www.columbiaencyclopedia.com/


40/43

Questionnaire

PART I (Respondents)

Name: ___________________________(optional)

Age:

[ ] 13-16

[ ] 17-19

[ ] 20 - up

Civil Status

[ ] Single

[ ] Married

[ ] Common Law / Living In

Educational Attainment

[ ] Elementary Graduate

[ ] High School Level

[ ] High School Graduate


41/43

PART II PLEASE RATE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION

REGARDING ELDERLY

1 - yes

2 - no

3 maybe


[ ] yes

[ ] No

[ ] Maybe


after birth?

[ ] yes

[ ] No

[ ] Maybe

3. Do you think that a seminar for new mothers could be

helpful?

[ ] yes


42/43

[ ] No

[ ] Maybe


[ ] yes

[ ] No

[ ] Maybe


his health?

[ ] yes

[ ] No

[ ] Maybe



[ ] yes

[ ] No

[ ] Maybe


43/43


[ ] yes

[ ] No

[ ] Maybe


[ ] yes

[ ] No

[ ] Maybe


[ ] yes

[ ] No

[ ] Maybe

Assessment of the Emotional and Physical Well

Documents

Transcript of Assessment of the Emotional and Physical Well