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Agriculture & Environment Research Unit Science & Technology Research Institute
Assessment of Reduction in Environmental Burdens through Targeted Measures compared with Whole
Farm Approaches in Cropping and Livestock Systems
Appendix A. Desirable Outcomes and Appendix B. Bibliography for Final Report for IF0131
Submitted by:
Prepared by Agriculture and Environment Research Unit (AERU)
Science and Technology Research Institute University of Hertfordshire
30th October 2009
Report Preparation:
Title Appendix A: Desirable outcomes Appendix B. Bibliography
Status: Final Draft
Reporting to: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)
Organisation: Agriculture and Environment Research Unit Science and Technology Research Institute University of Hertfordshire
Reporting period May 2007 – September 2009
Project conducted by: Dr K. A. Lewis, Dr J. Tzilivakis, Dr D. Warner and Dr A. Green
Project report written by: Dr J Tzilivakis & Dr K A Lewis
Report date: 30th October 2009
Release authorisation:
IF0131: Final Report: Appendices A and B October 2009
Agriculture and the Environment Research Unit 3 University of Hertfordshire
Appendix A. Desirable outcomes Outcome group Outcome
Air quality Maintain/improve air quality
Animal health and welfare
Livestock are free from discomfort
Livestock are free from fear and distress
Livestock are free from hunger and thirst
Livestock are free from pain, injury or disease
Livestock are free to express normal behaviour
Biodiversity Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - improve habitat and management
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce other impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce pesticide impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Birds - improve habitat and management
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Birds - reduce nutrient impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Birds - reduce other impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Birds - reduce pesticide impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Invertebrates - improve habitat and management
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Invertebrates - reduce nutrient impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Invertebrates - reduce other impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Invertebrates - reduce pesticide impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Mammals - improve habitat and management
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Mammals - reduce nutrient impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Mammals - reduce other impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Mammals - reduce pesticide impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Plants - improve habitat and management
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Plants - reduce nutrient impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Plants - reduce other impacts
Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Plants - reduce pesticide impacts
Biosecurity Improved control and eradication of animal diseases
Reduce endemic diseases in animals
Reduce incidence of zoonotic diseases in animals which might pose a hazard to human health
Carbon sequestration
Increase carbon sequestration
Countryside access and recreation
Improve leisure access to natural environment
Economic Economic viability
Provides rural employment
Efficient use of resources
Efficient use of resources - energy
Efficient use of resources - nutrients
Efficient use of resources - pesticides
Efficient use of resources – water
Energy Decrease consumption of non-renewable energy sources
Increase use of renewable energy
Food safety Food safety - pathogens
Food safety - pesticide residues
Food safety - physical contaminants
Food safety - toxic elements
Food safety - veterinary product residues
IF0131: Final Report: Appendices A and B October 2009
Agriculture and the Environment Research Unit 4 University of Hertfordshire
Outcome group Outcome
Food security Ensure food is available to meet consumer demand
Greenhouse gas emissions
Reduce GHG emissions - carbon dioxide
Reduce GHG emissions - methane
Reduce GHG emissions - nitrous oxide
Landscape and heritage
Maintain and improve living landscape
Protection of archaeological sites and features
Public safety Improved road safety
Reduce flooding
Soil quality Maintain/improve chemical soil status
Maintain/improve physical soil status
Waste and recycling
Recycling, reuse and waste minimisation
Water quality Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - nutrients
Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - other
Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - pesticides
Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients
Improve surface water quality (chemical) - other
Improve surface water quality (chemical) - pesticides
Improve water quality – biological
Worker health, safety and welfare
Farm worker welfare is protected and improved
Reduce the incidence of ill-health, injuries and fatalities amongst farm workers
IF0131: Final Report: Appendices A and B October 2009
Agriculture and the Environment Research Unit 5 University of Hertfordshire
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