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![Page 1: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
AAssessment of an Earlobe Arterialized ssessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in MicrogravityBlood Collector for use in Microgravity
Thais Russomano* Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* Marlise A dos Santos*
João Castro* João Castro* John Whittle** John Whittle** Simon Evetts** Simon Evetts** John Ernsting** John Ernsting**
*Microgravity Laboratory/IPCT-PUCRS, Brazil
**Aerospace Medicine Group, King´s College London, UK
![Page 2: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
There is currently no method of directly measuring arterial blood gas tensions in space.
Background
![Page 3: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
There is currently no method of directly measuring arterial blood gas tensions in space.
An alternative to direct arterial measurement is earlobe arterialized blood sampling, an accurate technique for measuring blood gas tensions, which has been in use in clinical medicine and physiology for more than 30 years (Lilienthal JL & Riley RL, 1944).
Background
![Page 4: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
There is currently no method of directly measuring arterial blood gas tensions in space.
An alternative to direct arterial measurement is earlobe arterialized blood sampling, an accurate technique for measuring blood gas tensions, which has been in use in clinical medicine and physiology for more than 30 years (Lilienthal JL & Riley RL, 1944).
This technique has not yet been examined in the microgravity environment due to the risk of environmental contamination with blood products.
Background
![Page 5: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The aim of the project is to develop a device and associated procedures that enable an acceptable estimation of arterial blood gas tensions and pH to be conducted accurately and safely in microgravity.
Aim
![Page 6: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Introduction
Earlobe Blood Sampling – The Technique
![Page 7: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Introduction
Earlobe Blood Sampling – The Technique The earlobe is rendered hyperemic by the application of a rubefacient cream containing 1% methyl nicotinate.
![Page 8: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Introduction
Earlobe Blood Sampling – The Technique The earlobe is rendered hyperemic by the application of a rubefacient cream containing 1% methyl nicotinate.
The skin is then cleaned with an alcohol swab and a small incision is made in the earlobe.
![Page 9: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Introduction
Earlobe Blood Sampling – The Technique The earlobe is rendered hyperemic by the application of a rubefacient cream containing 1% methyl nicotinate.
The skin is then cleaned with an alcohol swab and a small incision is made in the earlobe.
Blood is collected anaerobically via capillary tubes.
![Page 10: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Introduction
Earlobe Blood Sampling – The Technique The earlobe is rendered hyperemic by the application of a rubefacient cream containing 1% methyl nicotinate.
The skin is then cleaned with an alcohol swab and a small incision is made in the earlobe.
Blood is collected anaerobically via capillary tubes.
Blood is then analyzed using a blood gas analyzer.
![Page 11: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Introduction
Earlobe massage
Earlobe arterialized blood collection
![Page 12: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Characteristic Radial Artery Sample
Hyperemic Earlobe Sample
Discomfort Painful Pain Free
Potential Complications
Hematoma Hemorrhage
Infection (systemic) Wrist pain
Arterial Spasm
Hemorrhage Infection (cutaneous)
Ease of Use Requires trained medical personnel
Performed by non-medical personnel.
Potential Usage Hospital based research
Hospital, clinic, rural center and university research.Aero medical and transport use. ISS and other space missions.
Radial Artery / Arterialised Earlobe Collection
![Page 13: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Characteristic Radial Artery Sample
Hyperemic Earlobe Sample
Discomfort Painful Pain Free
Potential Complications
Hematoma Hemorrhage
Infection (systemic) Wrist pain
Arterial Spasm
Hemorrhage Infection (cutaneous)
Ease of Use Requires trained medical personnel
Performed by non-medical personnel.
Potential Usage Hospital based research
Hospital, clinic, rural center and university research.Aero medical and transport use. ISS and other space missions.
![Page 14: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Characteristic Radial Artery Sample
Hyperemic Earlobe Sample
Discomfort Painful Pain Free
Potential Complications
Hematoma Hemorrhage
Infection (systemic) Wrist pain
Arterial Spasm
Hemorrhage Infection (cutaneous)
Ease of Use Requires trained medical personnel
Performed by non-medical personnel.
Potential Usage Hospital based research
Hospital, clinic, rural center and university research.Aero medical and transport use. ISS and other space missions.
![Page 15: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Characteristic Radial Artery Sample
Hyperemic Earlobe Sample
Discomfort Painful Pain Free
Potential Complications
Hematoma Hemorrhage
Infection (systemic) Wrist pain
Arterial Spasm
Hemorrhage Infection (cutaneous)
Ease of Use Requires trained medical personnel
Performed by non-medical personnel.
Potential Usage Hospital based research
Hospital, clinic, rural center and university research.Aero medical and transport use. ISS and other space missions.
![Page 16: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Characteristic Radial Artery Sample
Hyperemic Earlobe Sample
Discomfort Painful Pain Free
Potential Complications
Hematoma Hemorrhage
Infection (systemic) Wrist pain
Arterial Spasm
Hemorrhage Infection (cutaneous)
Ease of Use Requires trained medical personnel
Performed by non-medical personnel.
Potential Usage Hospital based research
Hospital, clinic, rural center and university research.Aero medical and transport use. ISS and other space missions.
![Page 17: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Development and Evaluation of a Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector
![Page 18: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Prototype of the Earlobe Arterialized Blood (EAB) Collector
![Page 19: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Current Prototype of the EAB Collector
Blade module
Capillary tube module
Capillary tube
Body (module housing)
Ophthalmic blade
![Page 20: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A validation study of the EAB Collector was conducted in which simultaneous samples of arterial and arterialized blood were taken from the radial artery and the earlobe.
Method
![Page 21: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
A validation study of the EAB Collector was conducted in which simultaneous samples of arterial and arterialized blood were taken from the radial artery and the earlobe.
Six healthy subjects breathed a gas mixture of 12.8% O2 in N2 (equivalent to breathing air at 12,000 feet) during 15 min of head-down tilt.
Method
![Page 22: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
A validation study of the EAB Collector was conducted in which simultaneous samples of arterial and arterialized blood were taken from the radial artery and the earlobe.
Six healthy subjects breathed a gas mixture of 12.8% O2 in N2 (equivalent to breathing air at 12,000 feet) during 15 min of head-down tilt.
The blood samples were analyzed immediately.
Method
![Page 23: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
MethodHead Down Tilt to partially replicate the
effects of microgravity
![Page 24: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Results
Blood Gas Data for Simultaneous Radial Artery and Earlobe Arterialized Blood Samples
Radial arteryMean SD (range)
Arterialized EarlobeMean SD (range)
pH(pH Unit)
7.43 0.02 (7.4 – 7.46) 7.43 0.02 (7.4 – 7.46)
PO2
(mmHg)
42.1 3.66 (38 – 47) 42.9 3.88 (37 – 50)
PCO2
(mmHg)
34.1 1.88 (31 – 37) 33.12 2.38 (29 – 37)
SaO2
(%)
79.0 3.85 (75 – 84.5) 79.9 3.29 (74 –85.6)
![Page 25: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Results
Blood Gas Data for Simultaneous Radial Artery and Earlobe Arterialized Blood Samples
Radial arteryMean SD (range)
Arterialized EarlobeMean SD (range)
pH(pH Unit)
7.43 0.02 (7.4 – 7.46) 7.43 0.02 (7.4 – 7.46)
PO2
(mmHg)
42.1 3.66 (38 – 47) 42.9 3.88 (37 – 50)
PCO2
(mmHg)
34.1 1.88 (31 – 37) 33.12 2.38 (29 – 37)
SaO2
(%)
79.0 3.85 (75 – 84.5) 79.9 3.29 (74 –85.6)
![Page 26: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Results
Blood Gas Data for Simultaneous Radial Artery and Earlobe Arterialized Blood Samples
Radial arteryMean SD (range)
Arterialized EarlobeMean SD (range)
pH(pH Unit)
7.43 0.02 (7.4 – 7.46) 7.43 0.02 (7.4 – 7.46)
PO2
(mmHg)
42.1 3.66 (38 – 47) 42.9 3.88 (37 – 50)
PCO2
(mmHg)
34.1 1.88 (31 – 37) 33.12 2.38 (29 – 37)
SaO2
(%)
79.0 3.85 (75 – 84.5) 79.9 3.29 (74 –85.6)
![Page 27: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Results
Blood Gas Data for Simultaneous Radial Artery and Earlobe Arterialized Blood Samples
Radial arteryMean SD (range)
Arterialized EarlobeMean SD (range)
pH(pH Unit)
7.43 0.02 (7.4 – 7.46) 7.43 0.02 (7.4 – 7.46)
PO2
(mmHg)
42.1 3.66 (38 – 47) 42.9 3.88 (37 – 50)
PCO2
(mmHg)
34.1 1.88 (31 – 37) 33.12 2.38 (29 – 37)
SaO2
(%)
79.0 3.85 (75 – 84.5) 79.9 3.29 (74 –85.6)
![Page 28: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Results
Blood Gas Data for Simultaneous Radial Artery and Earlobe Arterialized Blood Samples
Radial arteryMean SD (range)
Arterialized EarlobeMean SD (range)
pH(pH Unit)
7.43 0.02 (7.4 – 7.46) 7.43 0.02 (7.4 – 7.46)
PO2
(mmHg)
42.1 3.66 (38 – 47) 42.9 3.88 (37 – 50)
PCO2
(mmHg)
34.1 1.88 (31 – 37) 33.12 2.38 (29 – 37)
SaO2
(%)
79.0 3.85 (75 – 84.5) 79.9 3.29 (74 –85.6)
![Page 29: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Results
The mean difference in PO2 between arterialized earlobe and arterial samples was 0.25 ( ± 1.25) mmHg.
![Page 30: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Results
The mean difference in PO2 between arterialized earlobe and arterial samples was 0.25 ( ± 1.25) mmHg.
Comparison of PCO2 of the arterialized earlobe and arterial samples showed a mean difference of -1 ( ± 0.75) mmHg.
![Page 31: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Results
The mean difference in PO2 between arterialized earlobe and arterial samples was 0.25 ( ± 1.25) mmHg.
Comparison of PCO2 of the arterialized earlobe and arterial samples showed a mean difference of -1 ( ± 0.75) mmHg.
There was no difference between the pH values of the arterialized earlobe and arterial samples.
![Page 32: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Correlations between Arterial and Earlobe Blood Sample Measurements
r = 0.93 r = 0.94
r = 0.97 r = 0.92
![Page 33: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Discussion
Arterilaized Capillary- Arterial Mean ( SD)
PO2
mmHg
PCO2
mmHg Langlands & Wallace
(1965) (n=16)
0.62(4.1)
1.05(1.6)
Godfrey et al. (1971) (n=8)
2.09(2.48)
0.65(1.2)
Spiro & Dowdeswell (1971) (n=11)
-0.72(1.67)
1.0(1.91)
Dar et al. (1995) (n=55)
0.675(4.43)
0.75(2.25)
Present study (n=6)
0.25(1.25)
-1.0(0.75)
Study Author
![Page 34: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Discussion
Arterilaized Capillary- Arterial Mean ( SD)
PO2
mmHg
PCO2
mmHg Langlands & Wallace
(1965) (n=16)
0.62(4.1)
1.05(1.6)
Godfrey et al. (1971) (n=8)
2.09(2.48)
0.65(1.2)
Spiro & Dowdeswell (1971) (n=11)
-0.72(1.67)
1.0(1.91)
Dar et al. (1995) (n=55)
0.675(4.43)
0.75(2.25)
Present study (n=6)
0.25(1.25)
-1.0(0.75)
Study Author
![Page 35: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Discussion
Arterilaized Capillary- Arterial Mean ( SD)
PO2
mmHg
PCO2
mmHg Langlands & Wallace
(1965) (n=16)
0.62(4.1)
1.05(1.6)
Godfrey et al. (1971) (n=8)
2.09(2.48)
0.65(1.2)
Spiro & Dowdeswell (1971) (n=11)
-0.72(1.67)
1.0(1.91)
Dar et al. (1995) (n=55)
0.675(4.43)
0.75(2.25)
Present study (n=6)
0.25(1.25)
-1.0(0.75)
Study Author
![Page 36: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Discussion
Arterilaized Capillary- Arterial Mean ( SD)
PO2
mmHg
PCO2
mmHg Langlands & Wallace
(1965) (n=16)
0.62(4.1)
1.05(1.6)
Godfrey et al. (1971) (n=8)
2.09(2.48)
0.65(1.2)
Spiro & Dowdeswell (1971) (n=11)
-0.72(1.67)
1.0(1.91)
Dar et al. (1995) (n=55)
0.675(4.43)
0.75(2.25)
Present study (n=6)
0.25(1.25)
-1.0(0.75)
Study Author
![Page 37: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Discussion
Arterilaized Capillary- Arterial Mean ( SD)
PO2
mmHg
PCO2
mmHg Langlands & Wallace
(1965) (n=16)
0.62(4.1)
1.05(1.6)
Godfrey et al. (1971) (n=8)
2.09(2.48)
0.65(1.2)
Spiro & Dowdeswell (1971) (n=11)
-0.72(1.67)
1.0(1.91)
Dar et al. (1995) (n=55)
0.675(4.43)
0.75(2.25)
Present study (n=6)
0.25(1.25)
-1.0(0.75)
Study Author
![Page 38: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Discussion
Arterilaized Capillary- Arterial Mean ( SD)
PO2
mmHg
PCO2
mmHg Langlands & Wallace
(1965) (n=16)
0.62(4.1)
1.05(1.6)
Godfrey et al. (1971) (n=8)
2.09(2.48)
0.65(1.2)
Spiro & Dowdeswell (1971) (n=11)
-0.72(1.67)
1.0(1.91)
Dar et al. (1995) (n=55)
0.675(4.43)
0.75(2.25)
Present study (n=6)
0.25(1.25)
-1.0(0.75)
Study Author
![Page 39: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Discussion
Points of note.
![Page 40: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Discussion
Points of note.
• Arterialized blood collection from the earlobe is virtually pain free.
![Page 41: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Discussion
Points of note.
• Arterialized blood collection from the earlobe is virtually pain free.
• Anaesthetic is not required.
![Page 42: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Discussion
Points of note.
• Arterialized blood collection from the earlobe is virtually pain free.
• Anaesthetic is not required.
• Anaerobic blood collection is possible.
![Page 43: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Discussion
Points of note.
• Arterialized blood collection from the earlobe is virtually pain free.
• Anaesthetic is not required.
• Anaerobic blood collection is possible.
• EAB Collector prevents environmental contamination.
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Conclusion
This limited study suggests that:
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Conclusion
This limited study suggests that:
1. Arterialized blood sampled from the earlobe provides accurate estimations of arterial blood measurements of PO2, PCO2 and pH during microgravity simulation and in hypoxia.
![Page 46: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Conclusion
This limited study suggests that:
1. Arterialized blood sampled from the earlobe provides accurate estimations of arterial blood measurements of PO2, PCO2 and pH during microgravity simulation and in hypoxia.
2. Blood collection will be possible in microgravity without environmental contamination.
![Page 47: Assessment of an Earlobe Arterialized Blood Collector for use in Microgravity Thais Russomano* Marlise A dos Santos* João Castro* John Whittle** Simon.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062303/5517e46b550346d5568b466a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Further Studies
1. To validate the EAB Collector during normoxia in other body positions (sitting and supine);
2. To test the efficiency of the EAB Collector in microgravity (parabolic flight).*
* Protocol under evaluation by ESA.
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Thank you for listening
Questions?
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Results
Individual Data