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METADATA FOR NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS IN THAILAND

Project: STRENGTHENING THE NATIONAL STATISTICAL SYSTEMS IN SELECTED COUNTRIES IN THE ASIA AND PACIFIC REGION

supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Center for Agricultural InformationOffice of Agricultural Economics

Ministry of Agriculture and cooperative

Abbreviations and Acronyms

CAI Center for Agricultural InformationOAE Office of Agricultural EconomicsMOAC Ministry of Agriculture & CooperativesNSO National Statistical Office

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MOPH Ministry of Public HealthDOF Department of Fisheries DLD Department of Livestock Development DOAE Department of Agricultural Extension


TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGE

CHAPTER 1: National System of Agricultural Statistics

1.1 Legal Framework and Statistical Advisory Bodies.................................1.2 Structure and Organization of the major Agricultural Statistical Agencies

1.2.1 The National Statistical Office (NSO) .......................................1.2.2 The Office of Agricultural Economics (OAE) ............................1.2.3 Others Agencies........................................................................

1.3 Outputs and Dissemination of Agricultural Statistics..............................1.3.1 Contact information of the focal point of dissemination............. (including telephone, fax number and e-mail) of the................. responsible agencies.................................................................

1.4 Dialogue with Data Users and Cooperation with International Organization1.5 Strategic Framework..............................................................................

CHAPTER 2: Major Domains and Selected Indicators of Agricultural Statistics

2.1 List of Major Domains and Selected Indicators......................................2.2 Metadata for each of the Major Domains ..............................................

2.2.1 PRODUCTION2.2.1.1 Concepts, Definitions and Classifications.............................2.2.1.2 Coverage and Availability......................................................2.2.1.3 Data Processing, Estimation and Revision Methodology......2.2.1.4 Other Reference Information.................................................2.2.2 TRADE2.2.2.1 Concepts, Definitions and Classifications.............................2.2.2.2 Coverage and Availability......................................................2.2.3 PRICES2.2.3.1 Concepts, Definitions and Classifications.............................2.2.3.2 Coverage and Availability......................................................2.2.3.3 Data Processing, Estimation and Revision Methodology......2.2.4 INPUT STATISTICS2.2.4.1 Labor and Employment.........................................................2.2.4.2 Coverage and Availability......................................................2.2.5 OTHERS2.2.5.1 Concepts, Definitions and Classifications.............................2.2.5.2 Other Reference Information.................................................

CHAPTER 3: Major Data Sources for Agricultural Statistics3.1 List of Major Agricultural Censuses, Surveys and Registers.................3.2 Metadata for Agricultural Census...........................................................


CENSUSES3.2.1 Overview..................................................................................3.2.2 Design......................................................................................3.2.3 Conduct Operations and Data Quality Control.........................3.2.4 Statistical Report (link to domain) ...........................................

3.3 Metadata for Each of the Major Surveys................................................3.3.1 Overview..................................................................................3.3.2 Design......................................................................................3.3.3 Conduct Operations and Data Quality Control.........................3.3.4 Statistical Report (link to domain) ...........................................

3.4 Metadata for Each of the Major Administrative Register........................3.4.1 Source / Responsible Agencies...............................................3.4.2 Description of Contained Information.......................................3.4.3 Data Source / Units Providing Information for the Records......

3.5 Others Information.................................................................................3.5.1 Price Reports...........................................................................3.5.2 Crop Forecasting......................................................................

3.6 Data quality control................................................................................3.6.1 Data source and collection methodology.................................3.6.2 Data processing, estimation, and revision methodology..........


METADATA FOR NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS IN THAILAND

Chapter 1: National System of Agricultural Statistics

1.1 Legal Framework and Statistical Advisory BodiesIn Thailand the National Statistical system was established in1915.Then there are The Statistics Prediction Act of B.E. 2479 (1936) ,The Statistics

Act of B.E. 2495 (1952) and the latest the Statistical Act of 1965.Under section 5 of the Statistical Act of 1965 the National Statistical Office is the

core body responsible for Thailand's statistical activities including the collection and compilation, dissemination of basic statistical data, providing recommendations on statistical-related matters, organizing training courses in statistical methods and computer data processing as well as serving as the statistical data bank of the country.

From 1966 to 1975, the NSO conducted annual countrywide crop surveys for rice, kenaf and maize. However, after the establishment of the Centre for Agricultural Statistics under the Office of Agricultural Economics in 1979, agricultural statistics were transferred to that centre, now known as the Centre for Agricultural Information.

According to the Statistical Act of 1965, the national statistics committee consist of committee nominated by the cabinet and representative from every ministry. Secretary General of National Statistics Office is the secretary of the committee. The responsibility of the committee are 1) advice and comment about statistic and information policy and plan of National Statistics Office 2) advice and comment about statistic and information coordination between National Statistics Office and the other agencies.

1.2 Structure and organization of major agricultural statistical agencies

1.2.1 The National Statistical Office (NSO)

The National Statistical Office, under section 5 of the Statistical Act of 1965 is authorized to perform the following statistical activities:

1. To compile statistics from all statistical agencies, 2. To plan and to conduct all censuses, 3. To promote and develop government as well as private statistical

activities, 4. To plan, co-ordinate and direct technical aspects of all statistical projects

and activities of the government, 5. To collaborate with and participate in the coordination of the work of

statistical agencies in the assembling, compilation and analysis of statistics,

6. To make recommendations or advise other statistical agencies on plans, methodology, forms, questionnaires, as well as other documents such as handbooks and instructions to be used for statistical purposes,


http://web.nso.go.th/eng/en/about/fnso1.htm

7. To conduct or direct sample surveys, or to collect, abstract, compile, and analyze statistics relating to the basic conditions of the country obtained from censuses and surveys,

8. To supervise statistical agencies in the technical aspects of planning sample surveys, or in collecting analyzing statistics,

9. To conduct or direct research on statistical techniques, 10.To issue periodicals and to publish statistical data, 11.To maintain a library of books and documents relating to statistics, and to

exchange the said books and documents, 12.To direct and promote the study of and training in statistics, 13.To cooperate with, and participate in the coordination of the work of

foreign states or international organizations.

The coordination of statistical activities is an important role which involves the following :1) coordination with the statistical producers to prevent duplication of work, thus helping save budget as well as ensuring statistical standard. 2) coordination with statistical users so that the office will be aware of their needs and thus provide statistical data to suit their requirements. In planning of surveys and censuses, the representation of other government agencies concerned were invited to be the members of the Steering Committee as well as the Working Group. 3) coordination with the information providers (households or establishments) 4) coordination with foreign statistical offices and organizations in the exchange of statistical techniques, statistical data and technical assistance. 5) organization of special surveys for other agencies as requested.

The NSO also provides technical advice and consultant to other government agencies and private sectors on statistical methodologies, sampling design, questionnaire design, estimation of statistical measures, data analysis and report preparation to ensure that the preparation of each agency's statistical data is of high quality in compliance with recognized statistical standards. This helps promote and develop the national statistical system of Thailand as a whole.

In NSO there are 469 professional staff 729 support staff in head office and 396 professional staff 1,777 support staff in regional office.


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National Statistical Office

Administrative Development Group

National Statistical Committee

Internal Audit Group

Central Administration Local Administration

75 Provincial Statistical Office

Information and Communication Technology Center

Economic and Social Statistics Bureau

Policy and Statistical Techniques Bureau

Statistical Forecasting Bureau

Field Administration Division Public Opinion Division

Office of the Secretary

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1.2.2 The Office of Agricultural Economics (OAE)

OAE is the prime office responsible for collection and dissemination of agricultural statistics. It is also the organization in charge of the economic and social research and other studies including monitoring and evaluation for the purposes of agricultural policy recommendations, and agricultural development planning.

In 1979 Thailand legislated "Agricultural Economics Act of B.E. 2522" From this act The office of Agricultural Economics was established to perform the following duties;

1) Analyze the agriculture policy and agriculture and cooperative development plans for submission to the Committee

2) Study and analyze agricultural production planning and sources of cultivation and livestock production according to climatic conditions, types of farming, major income of farmers and internal market demands and report to the Committee for consideration to designate the agricultural economics areas

3) Study and analyze the formulation of marketing and transport system and development of farm products markets in an efficient manner as well as analyze the prices of and demand for farm products

4) Study and analyze sources of agricultural resources, analyze utilization of resources as well as study and analyze production economics and formulate crop cultivation and livestock production systems in an efficient manner

5) Compile statistical information of all kinds crop and livestock production, agricultural production situations, farm income and expenses, farmers indebtedness conditions, market situations of farm products and other agricultural economics information necessary of analysis of agriculture policy and agriculture and cooperative plans and publication of statistics papers concerning agricultural economics for distribution and publicity of agricultural statistics information

6) Analyze and evaluate outcome of investment made in agricultural projects including follow-up and evaluation of success and progress of the projects and operating plans of work units under the direction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives as well as propose to the Committee recommendations on guidelines for boiling down the problems and obstacles which require urgent action

7) Analyze other sector of economic development including international agricultural economics conditions required for formulation of agriculture and cooperative development plans

8) Develop register in regard to agricultural enterprises, by categories, types of groups of each sector

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9) Coordinate work with the various, related government agencies and state enterprises in establishing agriculture policy and agriculture and cooperative development plans, as well as maintain contact with the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Committee

10) Perform any other action specified by law as function of the committee or of the Office of Agricultural Economics.

The organizational structure of OAE comprises of 5 bureaus/centers and 9 agro-economic zones as follows:

1. Office of the Secretary2. Center for Agricultural Information (CAI)3. Bureau of Agricultural Economics Research4. Bureau of Policy and Agricultural Development Plan5. Center of Economic Project and Program Evaluation6. Agro Economic Zones 1-9

Currently, there are about 1,000 officials and permanent employees in the OAE of which about 300 positions work at Regional agro-economic offices. The official response about agricultural statistics and information are 48 professional staff 93 support staff in headquarter and 30 professional staff 59 support staff in regional offices.

Regarding the compilation and dissemination of agricultural statistics, the main responsible unit under OAE is the Centre for Agricultural Information (CAI). It major duties can be summarized as follows:

1. Generate information on production and marketing of crops, livestock and fisheries

2. Make forecasts on production and prices, including assessment of the impacts of natural calamities

3. Develop geographical information system in its application to agriculture4. Develop information network system

Organizational structure of CAI comprises 10 divisions and one administration unit as follows:

1. Field Crop Production Information Division2. Horticultural Crop Production Information Division3. Livestock and Fisheries Production Information Division4. Agricultural Economics Information Division5. Agricultural Information Technology and Database Division6. Agricultural Forecasting Division7. Geographic Information System Division8. Agricultural Input and Price Information Division9. Agricultural Information Management Division10. General Administration

1.2.3 Others Agencies

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In addition to the above two agencies, following agencies of the MOAC are also compiling and publishing agricultural statistics.

1) Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) : compiles the statistics on area and production of various crops from the reports of its local officers. These agencies have their own agricultural extension officers in every Tambon.

2) Department of Livestock Development (DLD) : undertakes collection and publication of figures on number of animals raised and slaughtered, dying from epidemic diseases, vaccinated and number of beasts of burden (elephants, horses, mules and asses). These figures are compiled from the reports of its local officers stationed in every district.

3) Department of Fisheries (DOF) : collects and publishes all fisheries statistics. The Amphoe (District) Fisheries Office is the lowest administrative level of the DOF.

4) The Cooperative Promotion Department is responsible for promoting all cooperatives in the country, as well as implementing activities according to the Cooperative Act BE 2511 (1968) and the Land Allocation for Livelihood Act BE 2511 (1968) on matters relevant to land settlement cooperative promotion and related laws. Agricultural cooperatives are established to enable farmer members to engage in business together, thus helping one another in times of crisis as well as gaining for themselves a better livelihood and quality of life.

5) The Department of Internal Trade, one of the departments in the Ministry of Commerce, issues monthly and annual reports on retail and wholesale prices and price indices of various commodities, including food and agriculture products.

1.3 Outputs and Dissemination of Agricultural Statistics

1.3.1 Contact information of the focal point of dissemination (including telephone, fax number and e-mail) of the responsible agencies

Contact person : 1. Family name: Treetipbut First name Ms.Thananoot Institution: National Statistical Office Title Secretary General Address Larn Luang Road, Bangkok 10100 Thailand E-mail Telephone 66 2 2810333 Tel Fax 66 2 2813815

2. Family name: Netsaengtip First name: Rajana

Institution: National Statistical Office Title: Chief, Household Economic Statistics Group Address Larn Luang Road, Bangkok 10100 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: 66-2281-0333 Ext. 1206

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3. Family name: Jongsakul, First name Apichart Institution: Office of Agricultural Economics Title Secretary General Address Kasetsart University Complex, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900 Thailand E-mail Telephone 66-2940-5550 - 1

4. Family name: Karnchansathan First name: Dr.Supan

Institution: Center for Agricultural Information, Office of Agricultural Economics

Title: Director Address Kasetsart University Complex, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900

Thailand E-mail: [email protected]

Telephone: 66-279-3607 Fax 66-2940-5521

5. Family name: Srichada First name: Ms.Jiraporn

Institution: Agricultural Information Management DivisionCenter for Agricultural Information, Office of Agricultural Economics

Title: Director Address Kasetsart University Complex, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900

Thailand E-mail: [email protected]

Telephone: 66-2940-6641 Fax 66-2561-2870

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mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

1.3.1 Major publications / statistical reports

Title of Publication Domain/Main contents Medium Format Frequency Release Calendar

Statistical Yearbook, Thailand

Production Statistics Thai Book Annual June

Key Statistics of Thailand

Production Statistics Thai Book Annual June

The Household annual Socio - Economic Survey

Input Statistics Thai Book Annual June

Report of the Labor Force Survey,

Input Statistics Thai Book Annual October

Report the Population and Housing Census 2000

Input Statistics Thai Book Annual July

Intercensal Survey of Marine Fishery Marine Shrimp Culture

Production Statistics Thai Book Annual No specific calendar

The Intercensal Survey of Marine Fishery


Agricultural statistics yearbook

Production Statistics Thai Book ,pdf Annual September

Agricultural foreign trade statistics yearbook

Trade Statistics Thai Book Annual September

Agricultural Economics Indicators

Thai Book Annual March

Basic Information of Agricultural Commodities

Thai Book Annual January

Agricultural production forecasting journal

Production Statistics Thai Book Quarterly March June SeptemberDecember

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Title of Publication Domain/Main contents Medium Format Frequency Release Calendar

Agricultural survey reports on crop and livestock production


Farm gate price statistics

Price Statistics Thai Book Weekly Thursday

Agricultural price index Price Statistics Thai Book Monthly 10th of each month

Agricultural production index

Production Statistics Thai Book Monthly 10th of each month

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1.4 Dialogue with Data Users and Co-operation with International Organizations

There are many active forums for dialogue between agricultural statistics producers and users. State planning organizations such as National Economics and Social Development Board (NESDB) and Bank of Thailand (BOT) regularly set meetings to discuss with OAE about economics and agricultural production situation before publishing GDP and other economic indicators. OAE also coordinates with private sector such as Cassava Trade Association, Farmer Association and Agricultural Industrial Representatives for information exchanges.

At International level, OAE has collaborated with JICA, FAO, and SEAFDEC. OAE and JICA jointly established the Agricultural Statistics and Economic Analysis Development (ASEAD) Project from 2003 to 2007 to improve the capacity in OAE. The basic activities are 1) to improve the data collection methodology 2) to establish the net work system between OAE headquarter and Regional Offices 3) to develop the methodology of agricultural analysis and improve the forecasting methodology of agricultural production and 4)to implement the training for capacity building in OAE. Under this project, OAE staff have learnt and practiced to conduct crop-cutting survey, area survey and food consumption survey, develop data processing by using web application, constructed input-output table. Various training courses about statistics and information technology have been organized for OAE staff. At regional level, OAE is the Thai national focal point in FAO ’s Project, the Strengthening Regional Data Exchange System on Food and Agricultural Statistics in Asia and Pacific Countries. OAE is also the implementing agency of the ASEAN Food Security Information System (AFSIS) Project while the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Japan is the donor through ASEAN Trust Funds. The overall objectives of AFSIS are to facilitate food security planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation in ASEAN through the systematic collection, organization, management, analysis and dissemination of food security data and information. Project activities focus on capacity building for statistical personnel of all ASEAN member countries in two dimensions: human resources development and development of information network systems

.1.5 Strategic framework

To improve agricultural statistics and information system in Thailand OAE now plan to

1) Integrate statistic information Other agencies organize under MOAC collecting the same data by difference standard of methodology and definition. Sometime the result of the collecting data has conflict. Example is para rubber statistics has two organizations collecting data (Rubber Research Institute Department of Agriculture, OAE) by using difference methodology and type of production.

2) Construct data warehouse In the present situation there is various kind of database and software use in OAE that make OAE has problem to linkage database and network. So OAE is in procedure to construct data warehouse and use new software to manage database.

3) Improve Geo-Informatics system. After applied Geo-Informatics technology for area survey, OAE plan to use it for Management Information System in OAE and MOAC.

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Chapter 2: Major Domains and Selected Indicators of Agricultural Statistics

2.1 List of Major Domains and Selected IndicatorsDomain Statistics/Indicators

PRODUCTION

Crops

Livestock & poultry

Fishery

Macroeconomic indicators

Volume of paddy production

Volume of field crop production (other than paddy)

Vollume of perrenniel crop production

Volume of livestock & poultry production

Volume of fishery production (commercial, aquaculture)

Gross National Product

Gross Domestic Product

Gross Value Added in Agriculture

TRADE Total value of exports & imports

Total volume of agricultural exports and imports

Total value of agricultural exports and imports

PRICES Average monthly prices of selected agricultural commodities

Producer price index for agriculture

INPUT

Fertilizer

Pesticides

AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

Land Use

Labor & Employment

OTHERS

Prices

Prices

Number of agricultural machineries (tractor, harvester, shelter, etc.)

Total farm area

Irrigated area

Area planted/area harvested of crops

Rural population

Labor force in agriculture

Total employment

Employment in agriculture

Farm household income

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Agricultural credit

2.2 Metadata for Each of the Major Domains

2.2.1 PRODUCTION

2.2.1.1 Concepts, Definitions and Classifications

CROPSVolume of production - is expressed in million metric tons; average per hectare production is expressed in metric ton.Area Planted - refers to the total area planted to permanent crops. This also refers to the area of multi-harvest temporary crops.Area Harvested - actual area from which harvests are realized; excludes crop area totally damaged. Yield - indicator of productivity derived by dividing total production by the harvested area.Crop forecasts - on production, area harvested and yield. “Forecast” refers to harvests for the next two quarters:Monthly distribution of production - refers to the relative (percent) monthly distribution of production.Crop year - refers to the annual cycle of crop production in which there is a re-current period of growth, ripening and harvesting. In most crops, this starts in May and ends in April of following year.Permanent Crops - are plants grown/harvested which lives for an indefinite number of years.Production - refers to the growing of crops; this also refers to the volume harvested/picked.Temporary Crops - are the crops grown seasonally and whose growing cycle is less than one year.Yield - is the production per unit of measure.

Livestock and PoultryVolume of livestock & poultry production – the volume of meat produced during an accounting period. The commodities accounted for are the following:, cattle, swine hog, goat and milk under livestock; chicken, duck and eggs under poultry. Presented in metric tons (total farms).Production – refers to the volume of animals disposed for slaughter in live weight equivalent including weight gained within the reference period (i.e. including meat equivalent of exported live animals and excluding meat equivalent of landed weight of imported live animals);.

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Total Milk Production (in the farm) – refers to the aggregate milk produced by dairy cow in the farm during the reference period. It is inclusive of milk delivered to cooperatives, sold to others, consumed at home and milk fed to calves.Milk Production – amount of milk produced by dairy cow including suckled or fed to calves from calving to the dry period. Dairy Farm – is where dairy animals are raised for milk production: a) Full-time dairying – operators engaged in dairying all throughout the year; b) Incidental dairying – operators engaged in dairying occasionally and/or incidental to the giving birth of dams.

FisheryVolume of fishery production (commercial, municipal, and aquaculture) – quantity of fish harvested/produced; expressed in kilograms.Inland Municipal Fishing – the catching of fish, crustaceans, mollusks and all other aquatic animals in inland waters like lakes, rivers, dams, marshes, etc.Aquaculture production – is the volume and value of fish harvested/produced in aquaculture farms (aquafarm).Aquaculture – fishery operations involving all forms of raising and culturing of fish and other fishery species in fresh, brackish and marine water areas.

Macroeconomic IndicatorsGross National Product – the Gross Domestic Product adjusted with the net factor income from the rest of the world. It refers to the aggregate earnings of the factors of production (nationals) plus indirect taxes (net) and capital consumption allowance.Gross Domestic Product – the value of all goods and services produced domestically; the sum of gross value added of all resident institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the values of their outputs).

2.2.1.2 COVERAGE AND AVAILABILITY

Production Statistics

Crop production statistics covers major economics crops such as paddy, maize, cassava, palm oil, rubber, soybean, coffee, sugar cane, pineapple, durian, mangosteen, rambutan. The items in each crop production statistics are planted area, harvested area, production and yield at both National and provincial levels.

Livestock production statistics covers swine, broiler, cow, cattle, poultry and poultry rat. The items in each commodity are production and inventory at both National and provincial levels.

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All of production statistics are conducted on an annual basis.

Statistical / Indicators Coverage Availability Data SourceResponsible

AgenciesVolume of field crop production, harvested area and field per rai

provincial regional and national level

1981 – 2006 Field crop survey

OAE, DOAE

Volume of perrenniel crop production

provincial regional

and national

level

1981-2007 Perrenniel crop survey

OAE, DOAE

Volume of livestock and poultry production

provincial regional

and national

level

1981-2006 Livestock and poultry survey

OAE, DLD

Livestock inventory provincial regional

and national

level

1981-2007 Livestock and poultry survey

OAE, DLD

Volume of fisheries production (Commercial aqua culture)

provincial regional

and national

level

1971-2005 Fisheries survey

DOF,OAE

Gross National Product National level

1981-2006 Source Agencies

NESDB

Gross Domestic Product

National level

1981-2006 Source Agencies

NESDB

2.2.1.3 DATA PROCESSING, ESTIMATION AND REVISION METHODOLOGY

Crop, Livestock and Fisheries Production

There are 2 methodologies applied, including Stratified Two-stage Random Sampling, and Stratified One-stage Random Sampling. The details of each methodologies are as follows:

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Stratified Two-stage Random Sampling Techniques

(1) Surveyed commodities :

They are major rice, second rice, maize, sorghum, cassava, mung bean, groundnut, soy bean, kenaf, cotton, para rubber, coffee, pepper, durian, longan, mangosteen, sunflower, rambutan, coconut, oil palm, non-commercial livestock, and land use.

(2) Variables used for frame construction :

- Crop survey uses planted area within village boundary,

- Land use survey uses number of households in the village,

- Non-commercial livestock survey is included in other surveys such as land use survey, major rice survey.

(3) Frame construction :

Survey sampling frame is updated from previous year frame undertaken by respective Agro-economic zone.

I. Stratified Two-stage Random SamplingStratified Two-stage Random Sampling is used for the survey of each agricultural

commodity. The villages, where surveyed crop is planted, is stratified into strata by

using total planted area in the villages. Those information is obtained from agro-

economic zone office. The surveyor then lists all households, who plant surveyed

crop, in the sample village. Sample households are then random selected and

interviewed for data collection.

In conclusion, Stratified Two-stage Random Sampling comprises 2 steps:

-Primary Sampling Unit (select village)-Secondary Sampling Unit (select household)

Total estimation ( )

= (1.1)

Where by

= total estimation

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= value of characteristic of household j from village i, stratum h

= number of households listed from village i, stratum h

= number of sample households of village i, stratum h

= total number of village, stratum h

= number of sample village, stratum h

h = 1,2,3.........L

i = 1,2,3.........

j = 1,2,3.........

Mhi/mhi = expansion factor at primary sampling unit level

Nh/nh = expansion factor at stratum levelEstimation of Variance [ ]

= (1.2)

where by

= (1.3)

=(1.4)

= (1.5)

= (1.6)

Stratified One-stage Random Sampling Technique

(1) Surveyed commodities :

Oil palm, onion, and commercial livestock

(2) Variables used for frame construction :

- Crop survey uses planted area of respective household (except oil palm of which the sampling frame is separated in accordance with type of business such as company, cooperatives, private),

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- Commercial livestock survey uses number of livestock raised by respective household.

(3) Frame construction :

It is updated from previous year frame undertaken by Agro-economic zone.

II. Stratified One-stage Random Sampling

Stratified One-stage Random Sampling includes the stratification of Sampling Unit and the selection of Sampling Unit for data collection.


= (2.1)

where by

= total estimation of character of study

Nh = total sampling unit, stratum h

nh = number of samples, stratum h

= character to be estimated of sample i, stratum h

i = 1, 2, 3, …, nh

h = 1, 2 ,3, …, L

Nh/nh = expansion factor

Estimation of Variance [Var(y)]

= (2.2)

= (2.3)

= (2.4)

nh = number of sample of stratum h

h = 1,2,3,…,L

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Macroeconomic Indicator

2.2.1.4 OTHER REFERENCE INFORMATION

Farm product Product form Farm price by commodity grade

1. Rice Major and second paddy already threshed at 14% moisture content

Weighted average prices for the 5% major non-glutinous paddy, major long-grain glutinous paddy and second non-glutinous paddy at 14% moisture content

2. Major rice Major paddy already threshed at 14% moisture content

Weighted average prices for the 5% major non-glutinous paddy and the major long-grain glutinous paddy

3. Second rice Second paddy already threshed at 14% moisture content

Second paddy at 14% moisture content

4. Maize Maize grains at 14% moisture content

Maize at 14% moisture content

5. Sorghum Sorghum grains at 14% moisture content

Weighted average prices for the white and brown sorghum

6. Mungbeans Mungbeans and black matpe beans at 14% moisture content

Large mungbeans, mixed at 14% moisture content

7. Cassava Fresh cassava roots Fresh cassava roots, mixed

8. Industrial Sugarcane

Fresh sugarcane stalk without leaves and top

Industrial sugarcane

9. Soybeans Soybean grains Soybeans, mixed

10. Groundnuts Dry groundnuts in shell Dry groundnuts in shell, mixed

11. Sunflower Sunflower grains at 14% moisture content

Sunflower, mixed at 14% moisture content

12. Oil palm Oil palm fruits attaching to the bunch

The oil palm fruits with bunch weighing more than 15 kgs.

13. Sesame Black sesame seed, Weighted average prices of black 22

Farm product Product form Farm price by commodity grade

white sesame seed and brown sesame seed

sesame, white sesame and brown sesame, ungraded

14. Coconuts Mature coconut fruits Large coconuts

15. Castor beans Dry castor beans, shelled Dry castor beans, mixed

16. Kenaf Retted kenaf Retted kenaf, mixed

17. Cotton Cotton lint with seed Cotton lint with seed

18. Garlic Garlics in dry condition for 90 days Dry garlic, mixed

19. Baby corn Young corn in husk Young corn in husk, mixed

20. Shallot Shallots in dry condition for 7 days Dry shallots, mixed

21. Onions Onions with their crowns cut for 7 days Onions, mixed

22. Chilli Chilli in dry condition Dry chilli, mixed

23. Potatoes Fresh potatoes Industrial potatoes, mixed

24. Pineapples Fresh pineapple fruits, crowns and stems cut Industrial pineapples, mixed

25. Coffee beans Coffee matters Coffee matters, mixed

26. Para rubber Un smoked rubber sheets Un smoked rubber sheets, grade 3

27. Pepper Black pepper seeds Black pepper seeds, mixed

28. Tobacco, Virginia

Virginia tobacco, green leaves Virginia tobacco leaves, mixed

29. Hogs Live hogs Hogs, each weighting 100 kgs. and over

30. Broilers Live broilers Live broilers

31. Ducks Young live meat duck Grower meat duck, medium size

32. Hen eggs Fresh hen eggs Fresh hen eggs, mixed

33. Duck eggs Fresh duck eggs Fresh duck eggs, mixed

The conversion rates for Thai measurement units to international units

1 hahp = 60 kilograms

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1 rai = 0.16 hectare, or = 0.395 acre

1 hectare = 6.25 rai

1 acre = 2.5 rai

2.2.2. TRADE

2.2.2.1 CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS

Volume of agricultural exports and imports – refers to the quantity of goods exported/imported expressed in kilograms (kg) for most items; live animals in heads; coconut in number of nuts; and abaca in bale.Imports – means all the goods which enter Thailand and are cleared by the customs officials, or whose duty or deposit has been paid, inclusive of all the goods placed in customs bonded warehouses, but exclusive of the goods awaiting customs clearance in the warehouses. No distinction has been made between imports for home consumption and imports for re-export ;Exports – means both the goods wholly produced in Thailand and the goods previously included in the import statistics but changed in form or condition so as to increase their value, excluding the goods with minor adjustments, such as sorting, cleaning, re-packing or blending;Re - exports – means all the goods which were previously included in the import statistics and are exported from Thailand in the same condition as when imported. Minor adjustments, such as sorting, cleaning, re-packing or blending, do not affect the status of re-exported goods; andDirect – Transit – means all the goods which are brought into the customs limit for the sole purpose of transport to another contracting country. These goods are primarily under customs custody while in Thailand.Classification of Commodities – The classification of commodities is based on the Harmonized System.Values – In general, values are based on the declarations made by importers and exporters and subsequently verified by the customs officials.

For imports, C.I.F. values at the port of destination are used.For exports, F.O.B. values at the port of departure are used. F.O.B. values are

drawn from documents of sale for the actual amounts received in terms of national currency, including export duties, if any.Country of Origin – is the country where the commodity is grown, mined or manufactured. Further processing or material added to it in another country must bring about a material transformation to render such country as the country of origin. It should remain unchanged if the commodity is subjected to mere sorting, grading, cleaning, packaging or similar processing.Country of Destination – is the country of ultimate destination/shipment. It is not necessarily the country where the commodity/shipment is to be unloaded, as in the case of shipment unloaded from one ocean liner but is destined to a country that is landlocked. In which case, the country of destination is the landlocked country.

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This category includes the quantities and values of agricultural import and export. The data are collected monthly.

Statistical / Indicators Coverage Availability Data Source

ResponsibleAgencies

Agric. export: quantity

International (by country

of origin and

destination)

1970 – 2006 (annual

1991- 2007 (monthly)

Foreign Trade Statistics Customs Department

Agric. export: value International (by country

of origin and

destination)

1970 – 2006 (annual

1991- 2007 (monthly)


Agric. import: quantity

International (by country

of origin and

destination)

1970 – 2006 (annual

1991- 2007 (monthly)


Agric. import: value International (by country

of origin and

destination)

1970 – 2006 (annual

1991- 2007 (monthly)


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http://countrystat.bas.gov.ph/metadata_new.asp?path=Metadatanew/metalagch3.asp&fil=3-4-1-1




2.2.3 PRICES


Average monthly prices of selected agricultural commodities – average prices of agricultural commodities computed monthly at farmgate, wholesale and retail levels.

A. Farm gate Prices – refer to payments received by farmers for the sale of their produce at the first point of sale regardless of whether sold in the farm or elsewhere. Prices are generally quoted in a single standard account which is in the Philippine currency (peso) per standard unit of weight (kilogram). For other commodities, farm price is bared on the following: ornamental crops are on per dozen except for euphorbia, which is sold per pot; egg is for piece while chicken fighting cock is on per head basis.

Farm gate Prices means the price in which farmers sell their own products at the following sites:

Crop: farm gate price earns at a farmer’s house, field, barn, and orchard, Livestock: farm gate price earns at a farmer’s farm, except the price of cattle

and buffalo earned at the central market, while the broiler price is set up independently at individual farms.

Cultured Fishery: farm gate price earns at the farm or pond. Marine Fishery: farm gate price earns at a fishing port.

Wholesale Prices – prices which can be either wholesale buying and/or wholesale selling prices. Prices are quoted in Philippine currency (peso) per standard unit of weight. Unit of measure used depends on the commodity being monitored. Commodity groupings like cereals, commercial crops, vegetables, fish, etc. are expressed in peso per kilogram while the other commodities like banana, muskmelon, papaya, pineapple, watermelon and chicken egg are quoted in peso per piece.Traders - buy and sell goods or commodities.Wholesalers - are those who buy in bulk from farmers/raisers/fishermen and fellow traders.Wholesale Market - a place where large volume of commodities coming from production areas are assembled, traded and transported to other markets within and outside the province. This type of market involves heavy volume of transactions between sellers and buyers of goods for further distribution to other areas/markets.

Retail Prices – is the price at which retailers sell their goods or commodities to consumers in the marketplace. Prices are quoted in Philippine currency (peso) per standard unit of weight. Unit of measure used depends on the commodity being monitored. Commodity groupings like cereals, vegetables, fish, meat, etc. are expressed in peso per kilogram while the other commodities like banana, papaya, pineapple, coconut and eggs are quoted in peso per piece.

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Retailers - sell directly to consumers and 1-2 small “carinderias” (eateries). Consumers – are end-users; they acquire goods or services for direct use or ownership and not for manufacture or resale.Simple averages - were estimated by adding all the prevailing prices collected for each commodity and divide it by the number of respondents. Producer Price Index for Agriculture – refers to the index numbers which show the change over time (relative to a base period) on the prices received by farmers for the sale of their agricultural products.

Index number – defined as a ratio of one number to another, generally expressed as a percent.

Base period – usually a year, is the reference period of the index number. It is the period at which the index is set to 100.


Price Statistics

Farm gate prices are collected weekly while prices of agricultural inputs are collected every month.


ResponsibleAgencies

Producer prices weekly, monthly, yearly

Survey market, provincial, national

OAE

Agric. input prices monthly, yearly Survey market, provincial, national

OAE

2.2.3.3 DATA PROCESSING, ESTIMATION AND REVISION METHODOLOGY

A. Farm Prices for agricultural crops, livestock and poultry

Data Processing

Estimation and/or compilation procedure

At the provincial level, the estimate is weighted by volume sold, while in the regional/national level it is weighted by volume of production. The following are the formula for the different levels of estimates.

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Provincial Farmgate Price

=

where : - refers to average farmgate price for commodity i

xij - refers to farmgate price for commodity i example j n - refers to the number of sample respondents of the i commodity in provincial level.

National/Regional Farmgate Price

=

where:

- regional or whole kingdom farmgate price.x - refers to provincial farmgate price for i province.n - refers to the total number of producing provinces

w - refer to weighted number for province ith

The computation for Regional Farmgate Price follows the same procedure as that for the National Farmgate Price but with provinces limited only to the provinces in the particular region.

B. FARMGATE PRICE INDEX

Data Processing

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The compilation of regional and national PPIs is done at the Central Office. Production and price data obtained from different units are inputted in an MS Excel worksheet to come up with semestral and annual indices.

Estimation and/or compilation procedure

PPI for agriculture adopts the theoretical Laspray Formula where current volume of production is used as the weighting factor. In its aggregative form, it is expressed as follows:

= price in the current year

= price in the base year

= volume of production in the base year

The base year in the current system is 1994 but rebasing to 2000 is ongoing.

PPIs for agriculture are computed in semi-annual basis; 3 months after the reference semester for the national PPI and 9 months after the reference semester for the regional PPIs. Average semi-annual prices are computed by adding the 6 average monthly prices and dividing the result by 6. The volume of production for the current period is used as weights in generating the index for commodity groups and for the whole agriculture sector.

For the annual index, the total semi-annual values are added to account for the year’s total values.

Selection of commodities in the market baskets

The commodities included in the current PPI basket are based on the value of production of all agricultural commodities in 1994. Commodities contributing 95% to total value of production were included with ranking done by commodity group and by region.

Procedures in selecting commodities for the Regional Market Basket:a. compile data on production and price of agricultural commoditiesb. compute the individual total values of all commodities (volume of production x

average farmgate price)c. rank the commodities by group according to their valued. establish the cut-off point at 95% per commodity group

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e. validate the baskets through the commodity/subject matter specialists (PASOs and RASOs)

f. prepare the “final” market basketsMarket Basket composition

In the selection of commodities, there are cases when items in the PPI market basket are not monitored in the current FPS. There are also cases when particular crop, livestock or poultry item is not covered in some provinces. To suit the needs of the PPI, the regional and provincial FPS coverages are adjusted. FPS commodity coverage by province was revised to include the PPI commodities.

Seasonality of price and production data

If there is a price but no data on production, only a 1st semester PPI which will be considered also as the annual PPI.

In case both production and prices data are available only during the season of the crop. Thus during off-season, there will be no PPI computed. The available PPI will also be the annual PPI.

2.2.4 Input Statistics

2.2.4.1 LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

Rural population – total number of individuals living in the rural areas. These areas which include all poblacions or central district and all barrios that do not meet the requirements for classifications as urban. (expressed in thousand persons)

Employment - persons in the labor force who are reported either at work or with a job or business although not at work during the reference week. (expressed in thousand persons)

Farm Wage Rate - is an indicator of progress and welfare of farm workers. It tells us the rate of pay received by farm workers on the basis of some units of payment for services rendered in the farm operation.

Nominal Wage Rate - amount of wages a farm worker actually received and is measured in current prices.

Real Wage Rate - is the nominal or money wage deflated by the consumer price index.

LAND USE

Irrigated area – the total area within the service area of an irrigation system served in a particular season – wet (1st crop) and dry (2nd crop) seasons including any third crop. This refers to the area served during the wet season plus any area submerged during the wet season that is served in the dry season.

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Irrigation – the controlled application of water to arable lands to supply water requirement not satisfied by rainfall or it is the artificial method of conveying water to the plant which the plant needs for its growth.

Fertilizer - a substance (as manure or chemical mixture) used to make the soil more fertile.

Fertilizer Prices (Dealers’ Prices) – are the selling prices of dealers of agricultural inputs and/or fertilizers. Prices are quoted in Philippine currency (peso) per sack of 50 kilograms.

Pesticides - substances or any mixtures of substances intended for preventing, destroying or controlling pests, including vectors of human or animal diseases, unwanted species of plants or animals causing harm during or otherwise interfering with the production, processing, storage, transport or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood or wood products, or animals feed stuffs.

Insecticides – chemical compounds used to control insects. Subdivided by different modes of action.


Input Statistics

Important information on agricultural inputs includes irrigation, land use and labor forces. Irrigation statistics is reported yearly at provincial level while the survey for land use and agricultural labor forces are normally conducted every two years at provincial level.


ResponsibleAgencies

Land Use

Fertilizer

Pesticides

Agricultural machinery

Labor & Employment

Provincial and National level

National levelNational level

National level

National level

1950 – 2005

2001-20062001-2006

2001-2006

2001-2006

Socio Economic Survey

ReportReport

Report

Socio Economic Survey

OAE

DOADOA

DOA

NSO

2.2.5 OTHER

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SOCIO ECONOMIC INFORMATION


Agricultural Household Income means the total amount of earned and unearned money received in a year, before any taxes, by people in nation. This includes the following sources of income:

(1) Employment of all types (full and part time), service, and bonus, (2) Net profit from agricultural or other businesses,(3) Property investments, e.g. land and house rental, copyrights, interest,

and dividends,(4) Financial aid, e.g. retirement allowance and pension,(5) Non-cash income, i.e. values of goods and services earned as a part of wage

or salary; goods or foodstuff values made for household consumption (including an assessment of own household), or anything earned without pay,

(6) Other sources of cash income, e.g. all types of insurance, lottery, and the like.

Agricultural Household Expenditure means the total amount of money that family spends during a particular period. This included expenditure from

(1) Total amount of money a family spends for subsistent living. (2) Values of goods and services earned as a part of wage or salary; goods or

foodstuff values made for household consumption (including the assessment of own household), or anything a family earns without pay.

(3) Other types of expenditure, e.g. taxes, donation, insurance premium, lottery, and interest payment, include other non-consumption expenditure.

Agricultural credit – comprises all advances and/or loans given to farmers to finance activities relating to the agriculture sector which includes crops, livestock and poultry, fisheries and forestry. The activities include production, processing, storage and distribution. (expressed in million Pesos)

Family Income

Total family income - includes primary income and receipts from other sources received by all family members during a specific calendar year as participants in any economic activity or as recipients of transfers, pensions, grants, etc.

Primary income - includes salaries and wages, commissions, tips, bonuses, family and clothing allowance, transportation and representation allowances, honoraria, and other forms of compensation and net receipts derived from the operation of family-operated enterprises/activities and the practice of a profession or trade.

Income from other sources - include imputed rental values of owner-occupied dwelling units, interests, rentals including landowner's share of agricultural products, pensions, support and the value of food and non-food items received as gifts by the family (as well

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as the imputed value of services rendered free of charge to the family). Expressed in peso per year.

Besides OAE conducts Socio-economic of agricultural household survey every 2 years .From this survey not only the information of input statistics such as land use, its also included land holding and land utilization ,Characteristics of farm household, Income and expenditure both in farm and off-farm, Credit and indebtedness situation of farm household and Farm assets.

Rural Services Statistics

For Rural Service Statistics NSO conducts annual Infrastructure Survey and monthly employment both in provincial and national level.

2.2.5.1 Other Reference Information

The detail is shown in the following tables.

SERVICES RURAL STATISTICSStatistical / Indicators Coverage Availability Data Source

ResponsibleAgencies

Rural Infrastructure

National level 2001-2006 Socio Economic Survey

NSO

Rural Employment

National level 2001-2006 Socio Economic Survey

NSO

Agricultural Credit

Provincial and National level

1980 - 2005 Socio Economic Survey

OAE

Agricultural Household Socio-economic and Labour Survey. The survey is conducted every 2 year period and the results are reported at provincial, regional and national levels. The survey coverage includes agricultural villages and households. Agricultural household socio-economic and labour data are separated as follows :

- Land holding/ land utilization/ crop cultivation,

- Crop cultivation, income obtained from crop product sale and distribution,

- Livestock farming, income obtained from livestock product sale and distribution,

- Crop agricultural cash expense,

- Livestock agricultural cash expense,

- Income obtained from other agricultural cash and non-agricultural products,

- Other agricultural cash and non-agricultural expenses,

- Agricultural household debt, credit and loan payment,33

- Agricultural household farm and non-farm properties,

- Job and labour transfer of household members,

- Group membership, training, job, and income of household’s members,

The data are processed by using own-developed software and the results are distributed and publicized in the form of report/ document.

Utilization of the Results

- for revising the CPI weighting patterns,

- for studying the distribution of income,

- for analyzing the variation of levels of living and disparities among households in different socio-economic groups, geographical areas and community types,

- for evaluating the impact on household living conditions under existing plan and development programs,

- for estimating private consumption expenditure component in the national accounts.

Data Processing

Data processing is undertaken by using computer because sample survey needs to be estimated in accordance with survey methodology. The method of data processing includes :

- survey result reported at provincial/ regional/ national levels,

- total estimation undertaken by using Stratified Two-stage Random Sampling.

Stratified Two-stage Random Sampling

Stratified Two-stage Random Sampling is used for the survey of each agricultural commodity. The villages, where surveyed crop is planted, is stratified into strata by using total planted area in the villages. Those information are obtained from agro-economic zone offices. The surveyor then lists all households, who plant surveyed crop, in the sample village. Sample households are then random selected and interviewed for data collection.

In conclusion, Stratified Two-stage Random Sampling comprises 2 steps

- Primary Sampling Unit (select village)

- Secondary Sampling Unit (select household)

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= (3.1)

Where by

= total estimation

= value of characteristic of household j from village i, stratum h

= number of households listed from village i, stratum h

= number of sample households of village i, stratum h

= total number of village, stratum h

= number of sample village, stratum h

h = 1,2,3.........L

i = 1,2,3.........

j = 1,2,3.........

Mhi/mhi = expansion factor at primary sampling unit level

Nh/nh = expansion factor at stratum level

Estimation of Variance [ ]

= (3.2)

where by

= (3.3)

=(3.4)

= (3.5)

= (3.6)35

Problem

Lack of sampling frame of target group due to budget constraint. The existing frame is obtained from the Ministry of Interior which is unable to separate to be consistent to target population. Agricultural policy and planning therefore have not resulted the improvement of agricultural sector.

Chapter 3: Major Sources of Data in Agricultural Statistics

3.1 List of major agricultural censuses, surveys, registers and others

1) Agricultural Census2) Agricultural Commodity Production Survey 3) Cost of Production Survey4) Price Reports5) Crop Forecasting6) Area Frame Survey7) Socio-economic Survey 8) Farmer Registers

3.2 Metadata for Agricultural Census

3.2.1 overview

The National Statistical Office conducted the First Agricultural Census in 1950, the Second in 1963, the Third in 1978 and the Fourth in 1993. To obtain timely statistics of agricultural structure data for policy-making, monitoring and evaluation of the agricultural development projects and in accordance with the recommendations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Fifth Agricultural Census was thus conducted in 2003 in order to collect the data on structure of agriculture obtained from the agricultural holdings throughout the country. The processing of the large volume of census data will take about 10-12 months. The NSO has thus published this advanced report to present the census result for some major characteristics based on one percent sample of agricultural holdings by region and the whole kingdom. It is expected that this report would serve the needs of various users before the completion of the final report which will present the census result from all agricultural holdings. ..

The objectives of the agricultural census were as follows: 1. To collect data on agricultural structures such as number and area of holdings, land use, land tenure, planted area of crops, number of inland fishery establishments, water area under fresh water culture, number of livestock, the use of fertilizer and pesticide, machinery and equipment, etc. 2. To provide data for small administrative units. 3. To provide a frame for other agricultural surveys. 4. To study changes of agricultural structures in 10 years.In addition, NSO and the Department of Fishery also jointly conducted Marine

fishery censuses in 1967, 1985 and 1995. This is to accommodate the requirement in

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accurate and timely statistics for policy planning in the rapidly developed fishery sector during recent years

3.2.2 Design To collect data NSO use close segment concept. The 2003 Agricultural Census covered all holdings which their agricultural activities were cultivating crops, rearing livestock and culturing fresh water.

3.2.3 Conduct operations and data quality control The face to face interview was the method of date collection for the 2003 Agricultural Census. The field work was carried out during May 13 to June 10, 2003. Around 2,500 enumerators were recruited from village health volunteers and 5,000 supervisors were recruited from local officer of Department of Agricultural Extension. The enumerators were sent out to interview all heads of household using listing form to find out agricultural holders. Approximately 5.8 million agricultural holders were interviewed for detailed information using enumeration form subsequently.

3.2.4 Statistical report (link to domain) From the census and survey the domain they get are number and area of holdings, some Characteristics of Holdings such as holding's activity and size of total Area of holding and holding's activity and size of total area of holding, area of holding by land use and land tenure ,fertilizer and pesticide ,demographic characteristics and activity status, income and debt of holder's household and employment on agricultural workers.

3.3 Metadata for each of the major surveys

3.3.1 overview

OAE annually conducts production surveys for major crops, livestock, cost of production and socio-economic for agricultural households.

For crop production survey , it cover villages and households cultivating those crops in each province. The data collected for each crop comprise:

1) Planted and harvested areas 2) Production3) Existing planted area and productive area of tree crops

.For Livestock Production Survey, the farms are currently divided into two types

namely commercial and non-commercial (backyard farms) farms. The livestock includes cattle, buffalo, swine, chicken, duck and dairy cow. The production survey of livestock takes place on 1 January and 1 July in each year.

We also carried out Cost of Production Survey annually. The sample farmers for this survey are mostly the sub-sample of the crop production survey. The information collected is divided into two major items which are variable and fixed cost. Each cost item is broken down into cash cost and imputed cost. The commodities to be covered in the survey are varied year by year depending on the need for updating of physical coefficients in the process of cost computing.

1) The Socio-economic Survey is a multi-purpose survey which has been conducted every two years.

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http://web.nso.go.th/eng/en/agriculture/agr_census2003.htm#list7










A survey design applied for this survey is a stratified two-stage sampling. The sampling units are the villages which are stratified according to the number of households in the village. The second stage sampling units are the farm household which are listed in the sample villages. The sample households are randomly selected from the list.

3.3.2 Design

Data collection of each crop is undertaken separately in accordance with the characteristic factors, for example variety, planting method and technology, crop stage, irrigation supplies,

Beside by the ordinary farm visit and farmer interview, in 2004, OAE started to conduct rice and cassava production surveys by using crop cutting survey method.

The Department of Agricultural Extension also compiles the statistics on area and production of various crops as reported by their field officers

In order to reduce errors in data collection, OAE has introduced the Geo-Informatics Technology to estimate planted area and production of various crops. The area frame survey technique combines mapping approach and statistical method. Base on the observation of sample points by using satellite imageries and aerial photograph, the specific areas under investigation can be computed. The statistical methods for yield estimation such as crop cutting technique are used in this approach for the calculation of a certain crop production.

3.3.3 Conduct operations and data quality control

3.3.4 Statistical report (link to domain)

The content of information to be collected in the survey generally covers the following:

3.4 Metadata for each of the major registrations

3.4.1. Source / responsible agencies. Office of Agricultural Economics response agricultural registration such as farmer

3.4.2 Description of contained information Farmer registration project was conducted for the whole country during February-March 2002 by the two main agencies, OAE and DOAE. The target farmer was about 5.64 million household. The farmer concerned the project must held one or more agricultural activities in as the year 2001.

The objective of the project was to get farmer information for database and to give farmer’s smart card for contracting.

3.4.3 Data source / units providing information for the records

3.5 Others Information

3.5.1 Price Reports

Weekly farm-gate prices and daily wholesale prices of agricultural commodities are collected at the Center for Agricultural Information, OAE. The weekly bulletin reports

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of commodities production situation, marketing and farm-gate prices are published and distributed to the general public every Monday.

3.5.2 Crop Forecasting

OAE has practiced crop production forecasting by using an econometric models. At present, it is making quarterly forecasts of about 20 commodities at provincial level. The main items in forecasting are planted area, production and yield. OAE has also created national aggregate model and produce mid year outlook report for 65 commodities. The forecasted data are adjusted time by time according to field observation and other exogenous information such as government policy, etc.

3.6 Data quality control

For quality control OAE conduct sample check after field survey. The sample check is to be undertaken by the annual work plan. We also supervise and train enumerators to make understanding in our survey. For accuracy control the coefficients of variation (CV) of the estimates available is used.

3.6.1 Data source and collection methodology

3.6.1.1 Sampling Method

The Stratified Two-stage Sampling Method is utilized by using the list frame to create the classification of population or farmers by size of land holding. The villages of farmers in each land holding size will be selected by using Simple Random without Replacement Method. After that, farm households in the sampled villages will be listed and randomly selected for interview by the staff from OAE’s regional offices. The questionnaires for farmer interviews generally consist of e.g. planted areas, production, yields, varieties and irrigation systems. Additionally, in 2004, OAE introduced the Crop Cutting Technique for yield surveys of important crops such as rice, cassava and sugarcane.

3.6.1.2 Rural Rapid Appraisal: RRA

The RRA is used to quantitatively and qualitatively appraise the production condition and direction as well as marketing circumstance of crops. The staff will periodically conduct surveys to investigate the situations and clarifications in agricultural sector and make reports for further analysis.

3.6.1.3 Modeling Method

The Modeling Method is used to estimate planted areas and production of crops before the times of occurrences. The significant independent variables of each occurrence will be identified to create the forecasting models. The usual independent variables for planted areas and production of crops are for example prices and rainfall.

3.6.1.4 Geo - informatics (GI) Technology

GI Technology is the coordination of mapping approaches and statistical methodologies. It utilizes the technologies in Remote Sensing, Geographic Information

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System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). OAE has been using GI Technology since 1999. It helps to indicate locations and areas of the production of various crops such as rice, pineapple, oil palm, rubber, cassava and shrimp. In 2005, OAE enlarged the use GI Technology in conducting the Area Frame Survey by coordinating with the statistical methodologies.

3.6.1.5 Reports

Reports gathered from other agencies are the sources of information especially the prices of farm products at different levels. OAE is using these reports to produce Price Index which is an important agricultural economics indicator and to disseminate to public.

3.6.2 Data processing, estimation, and revision methodology

OAE makes use of advanced technology in computer hardware and software in combination with the ICT in data processing system. Central and regional offices are computerized and provided with necessary software. The related officers have been regularly trained to improve their knowledge and skills.

The data processing of OAE divided into three types as follows:

1) Data Processing at Regional Offices: The data which have been collected from farm surveys by regional offices will be processed at the regional offices themselves. The data are, for example, production of crops, livestock and fisheries. The results of data processing will be sent to central office through OAE’s intranet.

2) Data Processing at Central Office: The central office is responsible for processing data derived from the survey by using Geometric Information Technology. The results are spatial data or the areas of the different types of land use. In order to estimate the production of certain crop, the data on yields have to be compiled through farm survey.

3) On-line Data Processing: The on-line data processing was designed for processing data derived from Crop Cutting Technique. The Crop Cutting Technique has been recently introduced for implementation in OAE. The on-line data processing allows central office to closely monitor the progress and performance of the staff at regional offices. If there is any thing need to be improved, the experts in Bangkok can provide assistance on time.

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