Assessement of elemental nutrients and of organic matter quality in cultivated lands of...
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16.07.13 Colloque sur la recherche actuelle à Dakar/ Senegal 1
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Assessent of elemental nutrients and of organic matter quality in cultivated lands of
Rufisque-Lendeng
Jessica RobertsMaster Thesis in Biogeosciences
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General Context
Lendeng When an accident leads to an idea
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Lendeng
www.maps.google.ch, retrieved the 4.06.13
Rufisque
Lendeng
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http://www.unep.org/groundwaterproject/Countries/Senegal/Report/DecReport_02.pdf , retrieved the 23.06.13
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Study Field Conditions
● 2m x 7m of surface
● Lactuca sativa var. Eden
● 7 weeks to grow
● Irrigated with drinking water
● 14-36m depth of groundwaterTest Salad field (J.R.)
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Problematic
Periurban AgricultureA green Lung or a land of new potential ?
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Urbanisation
Street built in 2012 through Lendeng (J.R.)
District of Rufisque nearby the field of Lendeng (Haruka 2012.)
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Irrigation
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Food
security
Salad cultivation field of Lendeng (J.R.)
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1. To observe the change in pedological process
2. Changes in soil solutions with depth and with time
Objectives
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Method
Sample-TakingDifferent elements of soil
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5 - 40cm
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CERAMIC POROUS CUP
Constellation and Depth
50 10050 50 10050 50 50
20
40
70
Depth ( cm)
Distance ( cm)
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Results
Soil profileThe frame of nutrient exchange
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Granulometry
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Mineralogy
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Mineralogy
First Lithological Rupture
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Mineralogy
Second Lithological Rupture
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Mineralogy – Fine Fraction
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Mineralogy – Fine Fraction
First Lithological Rupture
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Mineralogy – Fine Fraction
Second Lithological Rupture
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Mineralogy – Fine Fraction
Third Lithological Rupture
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Nutrielements
● Sodium● Potassium● Phosphate● Sulphur
GranulometeryOrganic Carbon
Acid elementsoriginally from clay or sand
Limestone
& Parameters linked with the presence of limestone
Magnesium
Fresh Organic Matter
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Results
Soil Water and SolutionThe medium of nutrient transfer
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Parameters showing a significant spatio- and time development
Time● pH
● Fluore– Bromure
– Sulphate
● Organic Carbon and Matter
Spatial● pH, Conductivity and
Quantity
● Soluble ions (except phosphat, calcium, ammonium, potassium)
● Organic Carbon and Matter
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Horse Manure
Salad plantingUrea
NPK
1st Harvest
Nb leave 3 - 5 8 9 12 22
Length (cm 6 - 7 8 10 12 18
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Chlorid
Sulphate
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Ca2+ or Mg2+
M
Na+ or K+
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M
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13 =
Limit of a Sodic Soil
Brady and Weil, 2008
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4 mS/cm =
Limit of a Salin Soil
Brady and Weil, 2008
mS
/cm
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Water pH of Soil
> 8.5
Sodic Soil
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Conclusion
Assessment of nutrient fluxWhat is the future of the soil ?
● Soil→ A complex construction of two or more soil
layers
● Soil solution
→ Indicating an important variation with depth
→ Nearly no variation with time
→ Signs for sodification process (High evaporation rate and Presence of Na in surface)
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Thank you for your attention!
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References
www.carte_du_monde.net, retrieved the 3.01.12
Félix, J. (2006). Caractérisaton des eaux d’arrosage, de leurs impacts sur l’environnement et techniques d’épuraton extensive par lagunage (Dakar, Sénégal). Travail de diplôme sci. nat. environ. Univ Lausanne et Univ. Genève, 114p.
Gobat JM, Aragno M, Matthey W (2010). Le sol vivant : Base de pédologie – Biologie des sols. 3 Editon, Presses polytechniques et universitaire romandes, 3.11, pp. 84-86 et pp. 371-395.
Hitz C. (2012). Synergie ou concurrence entre la vielle et son environnement : Renforcer les synergies entre la ville et l’agriculture à Dakar. Université de Lausanne, Urbamonde Genève.
IAGU (Insttut de l’agriculture et geston urbaine) (2011). Le maraîchage urbain à Lendeng (Rufsque, Sénégal). Rapport et poster, Insttut Africain de Geston Urbain), Juin 2011.
INRA (2006). Système de prélèvement de la soluton du sol par bougies poreuses, INRA Avignon, Unité des Sciences du Sol,
www.maps.google.ch, retrieved the 7.01.12
SPS (Sahel People Service) (2010). Centre d’AFAFA. www.sahelpeopleservice.com, consulté en octobre 2012
Brady, Nyle C, and Ray R Weil (2008). The Nature and Properties of Soils. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentce Hall.
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Salinisation and Sodification
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Method
Ceramic Porous Cupsor how to capture the (soil) solution
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Development of Condensation Indexin Soil Solution (SS) and Water Extracted Soil
Solution
Deeper Layers
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Development of Condensation Indexin Soil Solution (SS) and Water Extracted Soil
Solution
Upper Layers
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Method
Ceramic Porous Cupsor how to capture the (soil) solution