Assembly tim peake lands back on earth

This is Tim, Newton and Principia. What’s one got to do with the other?? The photo was taken at the Royal Society, at an event held to celebrate the naming of Tim’s mission. ESA gives names to all of astronaut’s missions. ESA asked the whole of Europe to suggest names for Tim’s mission, and there were more than 4000 suggesGons.

Tim chose from all of these the name Principa, which was suggested 20 Gmes, to honour the great BriGsh scienGst. Newton was a strong choice, there were many other suggesGons relate to Newton (Newton, Isaac, 1687 , Trinity etc) – it was a very strong theme, because of the clear resonances. The Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia MathemaGca (MathemaGcal Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, first described gravity, which is of course the physics at the very heart of space flight. Suggested quesGons: Do you know who Isaac Newton is?

What is gravity? Do you know how Newton came up with his theory? Apple… Why is gravity an issue for spaceflight?

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This presenta,on provides slides and informa,on for a talk about Bri,sh European Space Agency Astronaut Tim Peake, and what he will be doing on his 6 month mission. This presentaGon may be adapted as required by the presenter. AddiGonal slides with more informaGon on the science program and educaGon program are available to ‘add on’ to this. All Images are from NASA / ESA unless otherwise stated. IllustraGons reproduced from The Usborne Official Astronaut's Handbook © 2015 Usborne Publishing Ltd, and can only be used with permission Welcome IntroducGon to yourself Structure of presenta,on: Who is Tim? What’s his mission? How will he get to space? Where will he live? Where will he work? What will he be doing in space? Who supports him? Some general notes: -‐  Tim is a European Space Agency Astronaut. -‐  Please do not refer to him as ‘Major Tim Peake’. Tim is sGll a Major in the Army Reserves, but as a civilian organisaGon, ESA prefer not to

highlight this aspect. -‐  Tim is not the first Brit in space, or the first BriGsh astronaut.

-‐  Helen Sharman was the first Briton in space in 1991. Her mission was funded parGally by a private UK consorGum as Project Juno and by the Soviet Union.

-‐  Other Brits have been into space: -‐  3 as a NASA astronaut with US or dual naGonality: Michael Foale, Piers Sellers and Nicolas Patrick. -‐  2 as dual naGonality spaceflight parGcipants (space tourists): Richard Garrioi.(US/BriGsh dual naGonal) and Mark Shuileworth

Ques,ons and Answers There is a list of top 10Q&A on the UK Space Agency Blog. But, if you only have Gme for one thing, watching this 8 minute video from Suni Williams, where she explains sleeping, personal hygiene, going to the toilet and the kitchen. You’ll be able to answer all the most common quesGons aner you see this: hEps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkM_04Ch76E

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From The Usborne Official Astronaut's Handbook © 2015 Usborne Publishing Ltd

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Tim is part of Europe’s team of space plumbers/lab techs/space walkers/roboGc operators etc.

6 astronauts were selected in 2009 to join the exisGng team of astronauts (at ESA, NASA, Roscosmos)

Tim Peake

Andreas Mogensen (went for 2 weeks: IrISS mission: 1 Sept 2015 – 11 Sept 2015) Alexander Gerst (Blue Dot mission: 28 May 2014 – 10 Nov 2014)

Luca Parmitano (first to go: Volare mission: 28 May 2013 – 11 Nov 2013)

Samantha Cristoforeq (Furtura mission: 23 Nov 2014 – 11 Jun 2015) Thomas Pesquet (due to fly 30 Nov 2013 – 16 May 2017)

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This is the Soyuz rocket, launching from Baikonour in Kazakhstan It is a Russian rocket, designed in the 1960s, sGll in service today. The same design was also used to transport cosmonauts to Salyut, Mir and now the ISS. Soyuz can carry up to three crew members and provide life support for about 30 days

Video of Soyuz launch sequence explained (ESA): hips://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AVvgpKt5uCA

Video of Soyuz rendezvous and docking (ESA): hips://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2_NeFbFcSw

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The Soyuz will dock with the ISS 6 hours aner launch Tim will be living and working here for 6 months from 15 December 2015 – May 2016 What is the ISS? ISS is an internaGonal orbiGng laboratory in low earth orbit (about 400km up). ConGnuously occupied since 2000, home to an internaGonal crew. Video of ISS orbiGng, Gmelapse: hip://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Videos/2014/12/Alexander_Gerst_s_Earth_Gmelapses Minute: 1:52 goes past the UK Suggested QuesGons: Do you know how far away the ISS is from Earth? About 400km up How fast do you think it’s flying? 7kilometers per second How many astronauts do you think live here? Normally 6, when a new crew of 3 arrives, there are 9 astronauts for a period of around 2 weeks How long does it take to go once round Earth? Every 90 minutes, 15.5 orbits per day How does the ISS stay up / not pulled back to Earth by gravity? Orbital boosGng can be performed by the staGon's two main engines on the Zvezda service module

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Where is Columbus?

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This is Columbus. It’s Europe’s main contribuGon to the ISS.

It was aiached to the ISS on 11 February 2008

c. 7m Long

C 4.5m Diameter (max) (About the size of 1 double decker bus, spun on it’s axis)

Weigh c. 12 tonnes (about 1 fully laden bus)

Other interesGng / fun facts here on Columbus?

QuesGons

What do you think is important when designing the lab? ProtecGon from sun, radiaGon, debris What do you think it needs to run? Power, water, life support

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As you can see, there are no windows (sadly, a design flaw, engineers have on occasion overlooked the importance of windows). The Cupola came close to being shelved, but the astronauts demanded it be flown. They love the views, and we get amazing photographs from it). Columbus is crammed wall to wall (and ceiling) with Experiment racks. The systems equipment (computers, air condiGoning, water cooling loops etc) are hidden in the floor (deck racks) and in the corners.

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EducaGon Science

Staying fit EaGng

Sleeping

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This is the EML – electromagnetic Levitator – it heats metal to very high temperatures (2000+°C!) so that it melts, and can be cooled again very quickly. It is on the European Columbus module of the ISS. The magnets holds the metal in place and stop it floating away. In the absence of gravity, very precise measurements on properties of the metal can be made – especially as there is no container to hold the metal. The information gained through looking at metals this way leads to new alloys with useful characteristics, e.g.

Lightweight Stronger Conductive Pliable

UK scienGsts are contribuGng to 2 internaGonal experiments using this laboratory. Previous experiments have led to breakthroughs, like 40-50% reduction in the weight of important parts for turbines – this saves energy and materials; which is good from a financial and an environmentaal point of view.

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Two experiments, BOSS and BIOMEX, are mounted on the outside of the ISS. This exposes microorganisms to the harsh conditions of space

Microgravity Radiation Vacuum Ultra-drying

Will help scientists understand where and how life might survive in the universe - and how life began in our Solar System

ScienGsts from University of Edinburgh, Open University and Bradford University are contribuGng to this work.

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Photo: Marchbanks’ intracranial pressure monitoring device. This indicates the brain pressure – important to keep track of for astronauts’ health.

NASA experiment Fluid Shifts looks at how fluid shifts in the body during spaceflight Weightlessness increases pressure in upper body and head Unique British hardware, developed by SME from Southampton, Marchbanks Measurement Systems, is being tested to measure the changes in brain pressure Normally done by drilling into the skull or lumbar puncture!   New device is non-‐invasive – can indicate brain pressure just by placing in the

ear   CriGcal for astronaut health – especially on longer duraGon missions   ApplicaGon on earth – quickly assessing criGcal signs in emergency trauma

situaGons

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No, not tesGng a new rollercoaster ride -‐ research into muscle atrophy and how this may help paGent rehabilitaGon on Earth

www.esa.int/Our_AcGviGes/Human_Spaceflight/Columbus/Mus...

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Photo: from a field trial with BRIDGET – one of the Airbus rovers used to test systems for ExoMars. BRIDGET will be adapted so that Tim can control her from space.

Looks at technologies needed for human-‐roboGc partnerships in planetary exploraGon A new experiment called SUPVIS-‐M will see Tim Peake control a rover on Earth from orbit the ISS The rover will be in a ‘Mars yard’ in Stevenage (at Airbus Defence and Space) – a mock-‐up of the MarGan environment on Earth – in a simulaGon of how we may explore Mars in future

Makes the most of UK experGse in roboGcs and telecommunicaGons

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Science – Ground Operated Experiments As well as the Human Physiology experiments, there are many more experiments that are being run remotely by teams of scienGsts on the ground. This is ESA’s Fluid Science Laboratory (FSL), running the GEOFLOW experiment (hip://www.esa.int/Our_AcGviGes/Human_Spaceflight/Columbus/Geoflow_experiment_starts_the_flow_of_data_from_the_Fluid_Science_Laboratory) Miniature Earth The core of the Geoflow experiment can be seen as a representaGon of Earth (or other planet) in miniature. A viscous incompressible fluid (silicone oil) is held between two concentric spheres, which rotate about a common axis. A high voltage difference between the spheres creates a force field that plays the role of gravity and holding the inner sphere at a higher temperature to the outside sphere creates a temperature gradient from inside to outside as, for example, on Earth. Understanding the flow of the silicone oil under different condiGons will be of importance in such areas as flow in the atmosphere, the oceans, and the movement of Earth's mantle on a global scale, as well as other astrophysical and geophysical problems. Results from Geoflow will also be useful for making improvements in a variety of engineering applicaGons, such as spherical gyroscopes and bearings, centrifugal pumps and high-‐performance heat exchangers.

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Maintenance

As well as running all the science experiments, the crew have to maintain the ISS itself. There are no plumber or electricians or so on in space, and so the crew have to do all of this work too. If the toilet breaks, fixing it becomes the most important job for the day.

This is Italian ESA astronaut Luca Parmitano replacing one of the Water Pump Assemblies (WPAs) in Columbus. The WPA pumps the water around the shell of Columbus, providing cooling to the powered equipment and air condiGoning of the air.

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There is a list of top 10Q&A on the UK Space Agency Blog. But, if you only have Gme for one thing, watching this 8 minute video from Suni Williams, where she explains sleeping, personal hygiene, going to the toilet and the kitchen. You’ll be able to answer all the most common quesGons aner you see this: hEps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkM_04Ch76E How do astronauts sleep in space? Astronauts cannot lie ‘down’ in a bed because of the weightlessness. They zip themselves into special sleeping bags that have holes for the arms, which are aiached to the wall inside their crew quarters. (Which are the size of a broom cupboard). They end up in a ‘Zombie’ pose. What do astronauts eat in space? Most food is long lasGng (over 2 years), but some fresh fruit and vegetables are included with each cargo delivery. Imagine going hiking and camping for 6 months without going near a supermarket, and you get an idea of the food. A lot of food is flown in a dehydrated state, and the astronauts add warm or cold water to it before eaGng it. Some food is Gnned or thermostabilied in pouches, and others just flown in natural form (like nuts, dried fruit etc.) How do astronauts go to the toilet in space? A seat belt and foot restraints hold the astronaut on the seat, while high-‐speed air currents pull the waste into the respecGve receptacles. There is a small poiy like receptacle for solid waste, and a hose for liquid waste. Solid waste is collected and put into one of the cargo ships for disposal and destrucGon during re-‐entry. Liquid waste is recycled into drinking water. What do they do in their free ,me? At the weekends they have to do the cleaning and vacuuming. Evenings and weekends are their free Gme to relax, call and email friends and family, watch TV, play instruments and enjoy the view!

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Food and Drink

Just like us, the crew have to eat and drink on board ISS. Their working days are very similar to ours, -‐ they someGme eat lunch together, they someGmes just grab a ‘sandwich’. The crew will onen try to eat together at evenings and weekend, -‐ food serves exactly the same purposes on ISS as it does here on Earth, it is just different to eat and drink in space.

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Food

Food is all pre-‐prepared, -‐ there are no ovens to cook things on ISS. Dehydrated food is rehydrated using hot and cold water, other food comes in its natural from (crackers, nuts etc). Some food (mostly meat and fish) is thermostablised (canned or bagged) and heated in a food warmer. (EssenGally a small suitcase with two hot plates).

Note the scissor – very important!

Heston Blumenthal compeGGon for Tim’s dinners…:

What would you choose to take with you?

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Exercise

In order to help slow the rate of muscle and bone deterioraGon, the crew must exercise for 2 hours every day. (1 hour cardio, 1 hour weights).

This is Tim Peak running the London marathon

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ARED

Chris Cassidy works out using the Advanced ResisGve Exercise Device (ARED)

hip://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/staGon/research/experiments/1001.html

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The crew also get a chance to visit the Cupola (another European contribuGon) to take stunning photographs of the Earth

Here is Samantha Cristoforeq, an Italian astronaut selected in 2009 at the same Gme as Tim, in the Cupola. The astronauts can take amazing photos from here

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Tim Peake’s photo of London from the Cupola

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The Aurora on earth

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More detail in the ‘careers’ presentaGon – on all the support team, engineers, scienGsts etc

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NASA support the overall running of the ISS

But for the Columbus module we have our Columbus Flight Control Team, who monitors the Columbus module 24/7, 365 days a year.

This is Libby Jackson – she was a Columbus Flight Director (COL-‐Flight), in charge of the Columbus Flight Control team, based in Oberpfaffenhofen (Munich, Germany). That’s quite hard to say so our call sign is Munich. ‘Munich, we’ve got a problem…’

She has an overview of everything, and is supported by the rest of the Flight Control Team

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There is a team of 4 people all the Gme, looking aner the systems and payloads, with the Flight Director in charge. COL FLIGHT: In charge of Columbus operaGons, reports to the Houston Flight Director (in NASA’s Johnson Space Centre) COMET: : Looks aner all the planning in the flight control room.

STRATOS: Monitors and remotely operates all of the Columbus systems (Electrical systems, Cooling, Computers, Fire detecGon etc.)

During the day this increases to include:

Eurocom: crew interface COSMO: stowage and mechanics, -‐ basically in charge of knowing how to fix everything and where everything is kept

Plus engineers in back rooms and all the payload specialists in USOC (User Support OperaGons Centres)

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Video link of Soyuz undocking, re-‐entry and landing: hips://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-‐l7MM9yoxII

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Tim has been preparing all this week for re-‐entry to earth – here he is checking his flight suit for leaks.

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Here is in the Soyuz going through all of the checklists,

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Home Time

Aner about 6 months in orbit, it is Gme to come back to Earth. The crew will spend part of their Gme in the last couple of weeks refreshing their training, packing, checking the Soyuz for leaks and generally readying themselves for the journey home.

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Return To Earth

hip://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/staGon/structure/elements/soyuz/landing_Gmeline.html

hips://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/staGon/structure/elements/soyuz/landing.html

It takes about 3 and a half hours from leaving the space staGon to landing back on Earth, though the hatches are closed a couple of hours before the crew leave, to allow for final leak checks and preparaGons.

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Landing

The crew land back on the Kazakhstan Steppe. Parachutes slow the capsule a descent rate of about 7 metres per second, but this is sGll too fast for a comfortable landing. One second before touchdown, two sets of three small engines on the boiom of the vehicle fire, slowing the vehicle to sonen the landing.

Crew report that the feelings is ‘like being in a controlled car crash’

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Home!

You’ve survived re-‐entry, your capsule has hit the ground. Your body is feeling the effect of gravity aner 6 months in a weightless environment. You may well be feeling queasy, baiered, some crew even pass out. But you have to put a smile on your face and face the media. You’ll sGll be very happy to be home and smell fresh air though!

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ESA astronaut Timothy Peake during a water survival training session near Star City, Russia, on 2 July 2014. Survival training is an important part of all Soyuz mission training. When a Soyuz spacecran returns to Earth there is always the possibility that it could land in water. Tim is currently training for his long-‐duraGon mission to the InternaGonal Space StaGon, to be launched at the end of November 2015. He will be the first BriGsh ESA astronaut to visit the Space StaGon. UnGl his assignment was announced in 2013, Tim was Lead Eurocom for Luca Parmitano’s six-‐month Volare mission that started in May of that year.

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Tim flew on 15 December 2015, first union jack in orbit for over 20 years, and on June 18th, 2016 he flies back to earth again.

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Assembly tim peake lands back on earth

Education

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