Assemb, Conf, Cisco Devices

Mahesh Parmar CCNA MCSE CNE


Assembling & Cabling• Upon completion of this part, you will be able

to perform the following tasks:– Identify and connect the necessary components to enable

connectivity between routers or switches.

– Identify and connect the necessary components to enable WAN connectivity over serial or ISDN BRI connections.

– Set up console connections among routers, switches, and a terminal.

– Document the physical topology, including cable types and cable locations, of each internetworking device.


Cabling The Campus

core_sw_a

ISDN Cloud Leased Line/Frame Relay

LegendFast Ethernet/

EthernetISDNDedicated

Core Server


Physical Layer Implementation Of LAN

Physical

Data-Link(MAC Layer)

• Physical layer implementations vary.

• Some implementations support multiple physical media.

Eth

ern

et

100 b

ase T

X

10B

aseT

802.3

10B

ase5

10B

ase2

100 b

ase F

X

802.3 Specifications for 10-Mbps Ethernet

802.3u Specifications for 100-Mbps (Fast)

Ethernet

100b

aseT

4

10B

aseF

DIX Standard


Usage Of Different Cable types

Access Layer

Distribution Layer

Core Layer

Ethernet 10BaseT Position

Fast Ethernet Position

Access Layer

Distribution Layer

Core Layer

Provides connectivity between the end-user device and the access switch.

Not typically used at this layer.

Gives high-performance PC and workstations 100-Mbps access to the server.

Provides connectivity between access and distribution layers. Provides connectivity from the distribution to core layer. Provides connectivity from the server block to the core layer.

Provides inter-switch connectivity.Not typically used at this layer.


Comparing Different Media Requirements

10Base5 100BaseTX10BaseT 100BaseFX

Media

Maximum Segment Length

Topology

Connector

50-ohm coax (thick)

500 meters

Bus

100 meters

Star Star Point-to-point

EIA/TIA Cat3, 4, 5 UTP

2 pair

EIA/TIA Cat5 UTP2 pair

62.5/125-micron multi-

mode fiber

AUIISO 8877 (RJ-45)

Duplex media interface connector (MIC) ST

ISO 8877 (RJ-45)

400 meters100 meters


Different Connection Types

AUI connectors are DB-15.

ISO 8877 (RJ-45) connectors and jacks

are slightly larger than RJ-11 phone

connectors and jacks.

Fiber Connector Port


The UTP RJ-45 Connector

The RJ-45 Connector

1

8

8 Pair 4 R4

1

2

34

5

6

7

Wire Pair:T is TipR is Ring

Pair 3 T2

Pair 3 R2

Pair 2 T3

Pair 1 R1

Pair 1 T1

Pair 2 R3

Pair 4 T4

Pin


Straight Through Connection

Wires on cable ends are in same order.

Pin Label1 RD+2 RD-3 TD+4 NC5 NC6 TD-7 NC8 NC

Cable 10BaseT/100BaseTX Straight-Through

Pin Label1 TD+2 TD-3 RD+4 NC5 NC6 RD-7 NC8 NC

Server/Router

8 1

wg

g bwo

wb

o brwbr

1

8

Straight-Through Cable

8

1Hub/Switch

8 1

wg

g bwo

wb

o brwbr


Crossover Connection

Some wires on cable ends are crossed.

8 1

wo

ob wg

wb

gbr wbr

Cable 10BaseT/100BaseT Crossover



Crossover Cable

1

8 1

8

8 1

wg

gwb

wo

b obr wbr

Hub/Switch Hub/Switch


Where To Use What

• Use a crossover cable when BOTH ports are designated with an “x” or neither port is designated with an “x.”

• Use straight-through when only one port is designated with an “x.”

1x 2x 3x 4x

1x 2x 3x 4x 1x

2x 3x 4x


Cabling The Campus– Determine the physical media used: 10-Mbps or

100-Mbps.• Indicates what category of cable is required

– Locating interfaces on the chassis, determine if one or both ports have an “x.”

• Indicates if you need crossover or straight-through cable

100-MbpsCat 5

Crossover

10-MbpsCat 3, 4, 5Crossover

10-MbpsCat 3, 4, 5

Straight-Through10-Mbps

Cat 3, 4, 5Straight-Through


Cabling The WAN

Core Server

core_sw_a

ISDN Cloud

LegendFast Ethernet/

EthernetISDNDedicated

core_sw_b core_sw_b

ISL

Leased Line/Frame Relay


Physical Layer Implementation In WAN

• Physical layer implementations vary.

• Cable specifications define speed of link.P

PP

Fra

me

Rel

ay

EIA/TIA-232EIA/TIA-449

X.21 V.24 V.35HSSI

ISDN BRI (with PPP)

RJ-45NOTE: Pinouts are

different from RJ-45 used in campus.

HD

LC


Different Type Of A WAN Connectors

Router Connections

EIA/TIA-232 EIA/TIA-449 EIA-530V.35 X.21

CSU/DSU

End-User Device

DTE

DCE

Service Provider


What is DTE & DCE

Data Terminal Equipment:• End of the user’s device

on the WAN link.

Data Communications Equipment:• End of the WAN provider’s

side of the communication facility.• Responsible for clocking.

DCEDTE

ModemCSU/DSU

SS SS

SSSSSS

SS

DTE DTEDCE DCE

• DTE/DCE—The point where responsibility passes


Interfaces

2500 Router—Rear View

• Serial WAN ports can be fixed.


Modular Interfaces

Console

Cisco 1603 Router—Rear View

Ethernet AUIEthernet 10BaseT ISDN BRI S/T

• Serial WAN ports can be modular.

Module

WAN Interface

Card


ISDN Routers• Determine if you need a BRI S/T or U Interface.

– Routers have one or both types of port.

Note port label.


Point To Note For ISDN Routers

!!!WARNING!!!Do not connect a cable to an ISDN port unless it is

from an ISDN switch or ISDN wall jack.If you connect a cable from any other device to the BRI

port, you will ruin the non-ISDN device.

Cisco Router

ISDN BRI Port


Setting Up A Console Connection

– PCs require an RJ-45-to-DB-9 or RJ-45-to-DB-25 adapter.

– COM port settings are 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control.

– This provides out-of-band console access.

– AUX switch port may be used for a modem-connected console.

Device with Console


Summary

•After completing this chapter, you should be able to perform the following tasks: • Identify and connect the necessary components to enable connectivity between switches and routers.

• Identify and connect the necessary components to enable WAN connectivity over serial or ISDN BRI connections.

• Set up console connections on routers and switches.


Operations And Configuring Cisco IOS

• Upon completion of this part, you will be able to perform the following tasks:– Start up the Catalyst® switch and Cisco

router and observe the bootup processes.

– Provide an initial configuration for the switch and perform the router’s initial setup configuration.

– Enable and identify the command modes in each network device.

– Use the various help and command-line-editing features of each device’s user interface.

– Show and recognize fundamental technical details about each network device.


What Is The IOS Software

• Cisco IOS software delivers network services and enables networked applications.


Network Device Configuration– Configuration sets up the device with:

• Network policy of the functions required.

• Protocol addressing and parameter settings.

• Options for administration and management.

– Catalyst switch memory has initial configuration with default settings.

– Cisco router will prompt for initial configuration if there is no configuration in memory.


What Happens When A Cisco Device Startup

• Find and check device hardware.

• Find and load Cisco IOS software image.

• Find and apply device configurations.


How To Configure

• Configurations can come from many sources.

• Configurations will act in device memory.

Console Port

Auxiliary Port

Interfaces

PC or UNIX Server

Web or Network ManagementServer

Virtual Terminal

Telnet

TFTP


User Interface Fundamentals

– A command line interface is used to enter commands.

– Operations vary on different internetworking devices.

– Users type or paste entries in the console command modes.

– Enter key instructs device to parse and execute the command.

– Two primary EXEC modes are user mode and privileged mode.

– Command modes have distinctive prompts.

CiscoIOS


IOS Software EXEC Mode

User Mode

• Limited examination of switch or router

• Command prompt: hostname>

• There are two main EXEC modes for entering commands.

First Mode:


EXEC Mode (cont.)

Privileged (or Enabled) Mode

• Detailed examination of switch or router

• Enables configuration and debugging

• Prerequisite for other configuration modes

• Command prompt: hostname#

Second Mode (and Most Commonly Used):


Initial Startup Of Catalyst Switch

– System startup routines initiate switch software.– Initial startup uses default configuration parameters.

1. Before you start the switch, verify the cabling and console connection.

2. Attach the power cable plug to the switch power supply socket.

3. Observe the boot sequence:

– LEDs on the switch chassis.

–Cisco IOS software output text.


LED Indicators


Port Led

1. At the start, all port LEDs are green.

2. Each LED turns off after its test completes.

3. If a test fails, its LED turns amber.

4. System LED turns amber if any test fails.

5. If no test fails, POST completes.

6. On POST completion, LEDs blink, then turn off.


Initial Bootup Output

ConsoleConnection

Catalyst 1900 Management ConsoleCopyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998All rights reserved.Enterprise Edition SoftwareEthernet Address: 00-50-BD-73-E2-C0

PCA Number: 73-3121-01PCA Serial Number: FAA0252A0QXModel Number: WS-C1924-ENSystem Serial Number: FAA0304S0U3Power Supply S/N: PHI025101F3-------------------------------------------------

1 user(s) now active on Management Console.

User Interface Menu

[M] Menus [K] Command Line [I] IP Configuration

Enter Selection:


Logging & Enabling Passwords

Console

>> enableEnter password:## disable

User-Mode Prompt User-Mode Prompt

Privileged-Mode Prompt Privileged-Mode Prompt


Help Facilities For Commands

Context-Sensitive Help Console Error Messages

Identify problems with any switch commands that are incorrectly entered so that you can alter or correct them

Allows recall of long or complex commands or entries for reentry, review, or correction

Command History Buffer

Provides a list of commands and the arguments associated with a specific command


Basic Show Commands

Switch#show interfacesSwitch#show interfaces

Switch#show versionSwitch#show version

Switch#show running-configuration

– Displays operational status of switch components


Show Version Commandwg_sw_c#show version

Cisco Catalyst 1900/2820 Enterprise Edition SoftwareVersion V8.01.01 written from 171.068.229.225Copyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998wg_sw_c uptime is 15day(s) 21hour(s) 53minute(s) 11second(s) cisco Catalyst 1900 (486sxl) processor with 2048K/1024K bytes of memoryHardware board revision is 5Upgrade Status: No upgrade currently in progress. Config File Status: No configuration upload/download is in progress 27 Fixed Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)Base Ethernet Address: 00-50-BD-73-E2-C0


Show Running ConfigCatalyst 1924 Switch

wg_sw_c#show run

Building configuration...Current configuration:!hostname "wg_sw_c"!ip address 10.1.1.33 255.255.255.0ip default-gateway 10.3.3.3!interface Ethernet 0/1<text omitted>interface Ethernet 0/24!Interface Ethernet 0/25!interface FastEthernet 0/26!interface FastEthernet 0/27

wg_sw_c#show run

Building configuration...Current configuration:!hostname "wg_sw_c"!ip address 10.1.1.33 255.255.255.0ip default-gateway 10.3.3.3!interface Ethernet 0/1<text omitted>interface Ethernet 0/24!Interface Ethernet 0/25!interface FastEthernet 0/26!interface FastEthernet 0/27


Show Interface

wg_sw_c#show interfaces ethernet 0/1

Ethernet 0/1 is Enabled Hardware is Built-in 10Base-TAddress is 0050.BD73.E2C1MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbits802.1d STP State: Forwarding Forward Transitions: 1Port monitoring: DisabledUnknown unicast flooding: Enabled Unregistered multicast flooding: Enabled Description: Duplex setting: Half duplex Back pressure: Disabled--More--


Switch IP Address

wg_sw_a#show ip IP Address: 10.5.5.11Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0Default Gateway: 10.5.5.3Management VLAN: 1Domain name: Name server 1: 0.0.0.0Name server 2: 0.0.0.0HTTP server : EnabledHTTP port : 80RIP : Enabledwg_sw_a#


Configuring The Switch

• Configuration Modes:– Global configuration mode

– wg_sw_a# conf term– wg_sw_a(config)#

– Interface configuration mode– wg_sw_a(config)# interface e0/1– wg_sw_a(config-if)#


Switch Identification

– Sets the local identity for the switch

Switch Name

(config)#hostname wg_sw_cwg_sw_c(config)#


Configuring Switch IP

wg_sw_a(config)#ip address {ip address} {mask}

Example:

wg_sw_a(config)#ip address 10.5.5.11 255.255.255.0


Initial Router Startup– System startup routines initiate router software.– Router falls back to startup alternatives if needed.

Check hardware

Find and load Cisco IOSsoftware image

Find and apply routerconfiguration information

Load Bootstrap

1. Before you start the router, verify the power, cabling, and console connection.

2. Push the power switch to “on.”

3. Observe the boot sequence:

– Cisco IOS software output text appears on the console.


Initial Bootup

Unconfigured Versus Configured Router

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]:yes At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets '[ ]'.

Setup ModeSetup Mode

wg_ro_c con0 is now available

Press RETURN to get started.

User-Mode Prompt

User-Mode Prompt

wg_ro_c>

Console


Setup OR Initial ConfigurationRouter#setup

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: y

At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.

Basic management setup configures only enough connectivityfor management of the system, extended setup will ask youto configure each interface on the system

Would you like to enter basic management setup? [yes/no]: n


Interface Summary

First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]:

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

BRI0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

BRI0:1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down


Ethernet0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Serial0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]:

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

BRI0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down



Ethernet0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Serial0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down

Interfaces Found During Startup


Setup Global Parameters

Initial Global Parameters

Configuring global parameters:

Enter host name [Router]:wg_ro_c

The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration. Enter enable secret: cisco

The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password, with some older software versions, and some boot images. Enter enable password: sanfran

The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface. Enter virtual terminal password: sanjose Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]:

Configuring global parameters:

Enter host name [Router]:wg_ro_c

The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration. Enter enable secret: cisco

The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password, with some older software versions, and some boot images. Enter enable password: sanfran

The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface. Enter virtual terminal password: sanjose Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]:


Global Parameters (cont.)

Initial Protocol Configurations

Configure LAT? [yes]: n Configure AppleTalk? [no]: Configure DECnet? [no]: Configure IP? [yes]: Configure IGRP routing? [yes]: n Configure RIP routing? [no]: Configure CLNS? [no]: Configure IPX? [no]: Configure Vines? [no]: Configure XNS? [no]: Configure Apollo? [no]:


Setup Interface ParametersBRI interface needs isdn switch-type to be configured Valid switch types are : [0] none..........Only if you don't want to configure BRI. [1] basic-1tr6....1TR6 switch type for Germany [2] basic-5ess....AT&T 5ESS switch type for the US/Canada [3] basic-dms100..Northern DMS-100 switch type for US/Canada [4] basic-net3....NET3 switch type for UK and Europe [5] basic-ni......National ISDN switch type [6] basic-ts013...TS013 switch type for Australia [7] ntt...........NTT switch type for Japan [8] vn3...........VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Choose ISDN BRI Switch Type [2]:

Configuring interface parameters:

Do you want to configure BRI0 (BRI d-channel) interface? [no]:

Do you want to configure Ethernet0 interface? [no]: y Configure IP on this interface? [no]: y IP address for this interface: 10.1.1.33 Subnet mask for this interface [255.0.0.0] : 255.255.255.0 Class A network is 10.0.0.0, 24 subnet bits; mask is /24

Do you want to configure Serial0 interface? [no]:

BRI interface needs isdn switch-type to be configured Valid switch types are : [0] none..........Only if you don't want to configure BRI. [1] basic-1tr6....1TR6 switch type for Germany [2] basic-5ess....AT&T 5ESS switch type for the US/Canada [3] basic-dms100..Northern DMS-100 switch type for US/Canada [4] basic-net3....NET3 switch type for UK and Europe [5] basic-ni......National ISDN switch type [6] basic-ts013...TS013 switch type for Australia [7] ntt...........NTT switch type for Japan [8] vn3...........VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Choose ISDN BRI Switch Type [2]:

Configuring interface parameters:

Do you want to configure BRI0 (BRI d-channel) interface? [no]:

Do you want to configure Ethernet0 interface? [no]: y Configure IP on this interface? [no]: y IP address for this interface: 10.1.1.33 Subnet mask for this interface [255.0.0.0] : 255.255.255.0 Class A network is 10.0.0.0, 24 subnet bits; mask is /24

Do you want to configure Serial0 interface? [no]:


Setup Script & UseThe following configuration command script was created:

hostname Routerenable secret 5 $1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0enable password sanfranline vty 0 4password sanjoseno snmp-server!no appletalk routingno decnet routingip routingno clns routingno ipx routingno vines routingno xns routingno apollo routingisdn switch-type basic-5ess

interface BRI0shutdownno ip address!interface Ethernet0no shutdownip address 10.1.1.31 255.255.255.0no mop enabled!interface Serial0shutdownno ip address<text omitted>end

[0] Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config.[1] Return back to the setup without saving this config.[2] Save this configuration to nvram and exit.

Enter your selection [2]:


Logging In To The Router

Console

wg_ro_c>wg_ro_c>enablewg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#disablewg_ro_c>wg_ro_c>logout

wg_ro_c con0 is now availablePress RETURN to get started.

User-Mode PromptUser-Mode Prompt

Privileged-Mode PromptPrivileged-Mode Prompt


User Mode Commands

– You can abbreviate a command to the fewest characters that make a unique character string.

wg_ro_c>?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Commands cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC-- More --


Privileged Mode Commandswg_ro_c#?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-profile Apply user-profile to interface access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry bfe For manual emergency modes setting cd Change current directory clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy from one file to another debug Debugging functions (see also 'undebug') delete Delete a file dir List files on a filesystem disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands erase Erase a filesystem exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system-- More --

– You can complete a command string by entering the unique character string, then pressing the Tab key.


Command Line Help

Context-Sensitive Help Console Error Messages

Identify problems with router commands that are incorrectly entered so that you can alter or correct them

Allows recall of long or complex commands or entries for reentry, review, or correction

Command History Buffer

Provides a list of commands and the arguments associated with a specific command


Context Sensitive HelpRouter# clok

Translating "CLOK"

% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address

Router# cl?

clear clock

Router# clock

% Incomplete command.

Router# clock ?

set Set the time and date

Router# clock set


Router# <Ctrl-P>clock set ?

hh:mm:ss Current Time

• Symbolic Translation

• Command Prompting

• Last Command Recall


Context Sensitive Help (cont.)Router# clok

Translating "CLOK"

% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address

Router#

clear clock

Router#


Router#

set Set the time and date

Router#


Router#

hh:mm:ss Current Time

Router# clock set 19:56:00


Router# clock set 19:56:00 ?

<1-31> Day of the month

MONTH Month of the year

Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 8

^

% Invalid input detected at the '^' marker

Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 August


Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 August ?

<1993-2035> Year


• Syntax Checking



Using Enhanced Editing

Router>Shape the future of internetworking by creating unpreced

Shape the future of internetworking by creating unprecedented value for customers, employees, and partners.


Enhanced Editing Commands

(Automatic scrolling of long lines.)

Ctrl-A Move to the beginning of the command line.

Ctrl-E Move to the end of the command line.

Esc-B Move back one word.

Esc-F Move forward one word.

Ctrl-B Move back one character.

Ctrl-F Move forward one character.

Ctrl-D Delete a single character.

Router>$ value for customers, employees, and partners.


Reviewing Previous Commands

Ctrl-P or Up Arrow Last (previous) command recall.

Ctrl-N or Down Arrow More recent command recall.

Router> show history Show command buffer contents.

Router> terminal history size lines Set session command buffer size.


Show Versionwg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000

ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)

wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"(output omitted)--More--

Configuration register is 0x2102


Viewing The Configuration

Console

IOS

Setup Utility

showstartup-config

showrunning-config

– Setup saves the configuration to NVRAM.

ConfigurationConfiguration

RAM NVRAM


Show Running & Startup

wg_ro_c#show startup-configUsing 1359 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!

-- More --

wg_ro_c#show running-configBuilding configuration...

Current configuration:!version 12.0!

-- More --

In NVRAMIn RAM

– Displays the current and saved configuration.


Different Router Modes

Router(config)#

Router>enable

Router#config term

Exit

Ctrl-Z (end)• User EXEC Mode

• Privileged EXEC Mode

• Global Configuration Mode

Configuration Mode Prompt

Interface Router(config-if)#Subinterface Router(config-subif)#Controller Router(config-controller)#Line Router(config-line)#Router Router(config-router)#IPX router Router(config-ipx-router)#


Saving Configurations

wg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename [startup-config]?Building configuration…

wg_ro_c#

wg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename [startup-config]?Building configuration…

wg_ro_c#

– Copies the current configuration to NVRAM


Configuring Router Identification

– Sets the local identity or message for the accessed router or interface

Router Name

Router(config)#hostname wg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#

Message-of-the-Day Bannerwg_ro_c(config)#banner motd #

Accounting Department You have entered a secured system. Authorized access only! #

Interface Descriptionwg_ro_c(config)#interface ethernet 0wg_ro_c(config-if)#description Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18


Router Passwords

Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password cisco

Console Password

Virtual Terminal Password

Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password sanjose

Enable Password

Router(config)#enable password cisco

Secret Password

Router(config)#enable secret sanfran


Console Line Commands

Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#logging synchronous

• Prevents console session timeout

• Redisplays interrupted console input


Configuring InterfaceRouter(config)#interface type numberRouter(config-if)#

• type includes serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, and tunnel

• number is used to identify individual interfaces

Router(config-if)#exit

• Quits from current interface configuration mode

Router(config)#interface type slot/portRouter(config-if)#

• For modular routers


Configuring Serial Interface

•Enter Global Configuration Mode

Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000Router(config-if)#

Router(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#

Router#configure termRouter(config)#

Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#exitRouter#

Specify Interface

Set Clock Rate (on DCE Interfaces Only)

Set Bandwidth (Recommended)


Verifying Your Changes

Router#show interface serial 0Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is 10.140.4.2/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 00:00:09, output 00:00:04, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec(output omitted)

BW 64 Kbit,address is 10.140.4.2/24


Ethernet Media Type

Router(config)# interface ethernet 2Router(config-if)# media-type 10basetRouter(config)# interface ethernet 2Router(config-if)# media-type 10baset

• Selects the media-type connector for the Ethernet interface


Disabling Or Enabling An Interface

Router#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Seria0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up

•Enables an interface that is administratively shut down

Router#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administratively down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down

• Administratively turns off an interface


Show Interface

Router#show interfacesEthernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Lance, address is 00e0.1e5d.ae2f (bia 00e0.1e5d.ae2f) Internet address is 10.1.1.11/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:08, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 81833 packets input, 27556491 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 42308 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 1 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 1 ignored, 0 abort 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 55794 packets output, 3929696 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 4 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out


Interpreting Interface StatusRouter#show interfaces serial 1

Serial1 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is HD64570 Description: 64Kb Line to San Jose :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::

Operational..................Connection problem...Interface problem........Disabled ......................

Serial1 is up, line protocol is upSerial1 is up, line protocol is downSerial1 is down, line protocol is downSerial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down

KeepalivesCarrier Detect


Checking Your Connector type

Router#show controller serial 0HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable

.

.

.

Router#show controller serial 0HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable

.

.

.

• Shows the cable type of serial cables


Summary

• After completing this chapter, you should be able to complete the following tasks:– Start up the Catalyst switch and Cisco router and observe the bootup processes.

– Provide an initial configuration for the switch and perform the router’s initial setup configuration.

– Enable and identify the command modes in each network device.

– Use the various help and command-line editing features of each device’s user interface.

– Show and recognize fundamental technical details about each network device.


Managing Your Network

• Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to perform the following tasks:– Gather information about neighboring devices.– Gather information about remote devices.– Create a simple network diagram to

document the network.

– Determine the location from which a configuration and Cisco IOS image will be loaded.


Cisco Discovery Protocol

• CDP is a proprietary utility that gives you a summary of directly connected switches, routers, and other Cisco devices.

• CDP discovers neighboring devices regardless of which protocol suite they are running.

• Physical media must support the Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) encapsulation.

Upper-Layer Entry Addresses

Cisco ProprietaryData-Link Protocol

Media Supporting SNAP

TCP/IP Novell IPX

CDP discovers and displays information about directly connected Cisco devices.

ATM OthersLANsFrameRelay

AppleTalk Others


Discovering Neighbors• CDP runs on routers with Cisco IOS®

software Release 10.3 or later and Cisco switches and hubs software.

• Summary information includes:– Device identifiers.

– Address list.

– Port identifier.

– Capabilities list.– Platform.

CDP

show cdp

CDP

CDP


Using CDP

SwitchBRouterA RouterBSwitchA

10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1

RouterA#sh cdp ? entry Information for specific neighbor entry interface CDP interface status and configuration neighbors CDP neighbors entries traffic CDP statistics <cr>RouterA(config)#no cdp run RouterA(config)#interface serial0 RouterA(config-if)#no cdp enable


Show cdp Neighbor

SwitchA also provides its MAC address

RouterA#sh cdp neighborsCapability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater

Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDRouterB Ser 0 148 R 2522 Ser 1SwitchA0050BD855780 Eth 0 167 T S 1900 2


10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1


Show CDP entry

RouterA#sh cdp entry *-------------------------Device ID: RouterB Entry address(es): IP address: 10.1.1.2 Platform: cisco 2522, Capabilities: Router Interface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1Holdtime : 168 sec

Version :Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fci)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye


10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1


More CDP commands

RouterA#sh cdp trafficCDP counters :

Packets output: 56, Input: 38Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed: 3No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0

RouterA#sh cdp interface BRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is down Encapsulation HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds


10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1


Remote devices

Remote device


10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1

RouterA#telnet 10.2.2.2 Trying 10.2.2.2 ... Open-------------------------------------------------Catalyst 1900 Management ConsoleCopyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998All rights reserved.Enterprise Edition SoftwareEthernet Address: 00-90-86-73-33-40PCA Number: 73-2239-06PCA Serial Number: FAA02359H8KModel Number: WS-C1924-ENSystem Serial Number: FAA0237X0FQ..SwitchB>


Viewing Telnet ConnectionsSwitchBRouterA RouterBSwitchA

10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1

RouterA#sh sessionConn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2* 2 10.3.3.2 10.3.3.2 0 0 10.3.3.2

RouterA#sh user Line User Host(s) Idle Location* 0 con 0 10.1.1.2 3 10.3.3.2 2 11 vty 0 idle 1 10.1.1.2


Suspending A TelnetSwitchBRouterA RouterBSwitchA

10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1

RouterB#<Ctrl-Shift-6>xRouterA#sh sessionConn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2RouterA#resume 1RouterB#


Closing A Telnet

RouterA#disconnect Closing connection to 10.3.3.2 [confirm]

RouterA#clear line 11[confirm] [OK]

Closes a session opened by a remote device

Closes the current session opened by you


10.3.3.2 10.3.3.1 10.1.1.110.1.1.2

10.2.2.1 10.2.2.2

S0S1


Testing Commands

• Tests the connectivity and path to a remote device

Router##ping 10.1.1.10

Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms

Router#trace 10.1.1.10

Type escape sequence to abort.Tracing the route to 10.1.1.10

1 10.1.1.10 4 msec 4 msec 4 msecRouter#


Router Power On/Bootup Sequence

• Perform power-on self test (POST).

• Load and run bootstrap code.

• Find the Cisco IOS software.

• Load the Cisco IOS software.

• Find the configuration.

• Load the configuration.

• Run the configured Cisco IOS software.


Internal Components Of A Router

RAM Configuration Register

ROM

Flash

NVRAM

Interfaces


Functions Of ROM

ROM

• Contains microcode for basic functions

Bootstrap

Mini IOSsoftware

file

ROMMonitor

POST

show version

Console


Finding The IOS

Flash

showversion

show startup-config

CiscoIOS

Software

Order of search:1. Checks configuration register 2. Parses config in NVRAM3. Defaults to first file in Flash4. Attempts to boot from network server5. RXBOOT6. ROMMON

Console

Configuration Register

NVRAM


Router Startup Flowchart

Use IOS fromFlash

Attempt to Get

IOS from Network

Use IOS in ROM(rxboot Mode)

Check StartupConfig

Boot Field = 0

0x0

Boot Field = 1

0x1

Boot System

Commands?

Config regbit 13 = 1

?

5 Failures?

Valid IOS inFlash

?

Do WhatThey Say

RunROM

Monitor

START

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

NoYes Success

?

No

Yes

Use File fromNetwork

Load IOSValid Config

?

Config RegBit 6 = 1

?

Yes

No Yes

SETUPDIALOG

NORMAL STARTUP

COMPLETE

No


Determining Current Configuration Register Value

wg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000

ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"

--More--

Configuration register is 0x2102

• Configuration register value in show version


Configuration Register Values

– Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option.

– Check configuration register value with show version.

Configuration Register Boot Field Value

0x0

0x2 to 0xF

0x1

Meaning

Use ROM monitor mode(manually boot using the b command).

Examine NVRAM for boot system commands (0x2 default if router has Flash).

Automatically boot from ROM

(provides Cisco IOS software subset).

Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0x2102[Ctrl-Z]Router#reload


Loading The IOS From Flash

Flash

CiscoIOS

CiscoIOS show flash

• Flash file is decompressed into RAM.

Console

RAM


Show Flash

wg_ro_a#sh flash

System flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin [10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total]16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

wg_ro_a#sh flash

System flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin [10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total]16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)


Loading The Configuration

Console

CiscoIOS

Setup Utility

showstartup-config

showrunning-config

– Load and execute the configuration from NVRAM.– If no configuration is present in NVRAM, enter setup mode.

ConfigConfig

RAM NVRAM


Show Running & Startup

wg_ro_c#show startup-configUsing 1359 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!

-- More --

wg_ro_c#show running-configBuilding configuration...

Current configuration:!version 12.0!

-- More --

In NVRAMIn RAM

– Displays current and saved configuration


Source Of Configuration

ConfigurationConfiguration

Console

RAM NVRAM

– NVRAM– Terminal– TFTP server– Erase start

copy running startup

copy startup running (merge)

TFTPServer

Blank000000000000

erasestart

config term

(merge)

copy tftp run

(merge) copy tftp start

copy start tftpcopy run tftp


Copy Run Tftp & Tftp Run

wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg .!!1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Source filename []? wgroa.cfg Destination filename [running-config]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/wgroa.cfg... Loading wgroa.cfg from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): ![OK - 1684/3072 bytes]

1684 bytes copied in 17.692 secs (99 bytes/sec)

wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg .!!1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Source filename []? wgroa.cfg Destination filename [running-config]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/wgroa.cfg... Loading wgroa.cfg from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): ![OK - 1684/3072 bytes]

1684 bytes copied in 17.692 secs (99 bytes/sec)


Cisco IOS File Systems & Devices

RAM NVRAM

TFTPServer

Flash

flash:

system: nvram:

tftp:


Managing Cisco IOS

NetworkServer

FLASHFLASH

Router

c2500-js-l_120-3.bin

NetworkServer


Preparing For Network Backup

Router

c2500-js-l_120-3.bin

NetworkServer

• Check access to the server.• Check space available on the server.• Check the filename convention.• Create the file on the server, if required.


Verifying Memory

wg_ro_a#show flash

System flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin

[10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total]16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

– Verify that Flash memory has room for the Cisco IOS image.


Creating Software Backup

wg_ro_a#copy flash tftpSource filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.binAddress or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<output omitted>10084696 bytes copied in 709.228 secs (14223 bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#

• Back up current files prior to updating Flash.

NetworkServer

FLASHFLASH

copy flash tftp


Upgrading The Image From The Network

wg_ro_a#copy tftp flashAddress or name of remote host [10.1.1.1 ]? Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.binDestination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/c2500-js-l_120-3.bin...Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]Erasing device... eeeee (output omitted) ...erasedErase of flash: completeLoading c2500-js-l_120-3.bin from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(output omitted)[OK - 10084696/20168704 bytes]Verifying checksum... OK (0x9AA0)10084696 bytes copied in 309.108 secs (32636 bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#

– Erase Flash occurs before loading new image.– Note the message that the image already exists.

NetworkServer

FLASHFLASH


Summary

• After completing this chapter, you should be able to perform the following tasks:– Use the Cisco Discovery Protocol from a device to get

information about neighboring devices.– Use Telnet to retrieve information about remote

devices.– Determine the load location of the Cisco IOS image.– List the commands to load a Cisco IOS image file.

Assemb, Conf, Cisco Devices

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