Aspects of Water Resources and Land Use in the Distrito ......Pipiripau. Decrease of baseflow...
Transcript of Aspects of Water Resources and Land Use in the Distrito ......Pipiripau. Decrease of baseflow...
1Patrocinadopor
Funded by
IWASBrazilÁGUA-DF
Aspects of Water Resources and Land Use in the Distrito Federal
Carsten Lorz
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Jornal de Brasília 22.3.2011
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Fore
stC
erra
do T
ipic
oet
c.
Agric
ultu
re
urbanother
Land
use
Dramatic change of land use/land cover
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Pipiripau
Decrease of baseflow discharge
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Sediments
FRANZ C. ET AL. (2014) Environmental Earth Sciences, 72 (12) 4873-4890*LORZ C . ET AL. (2014) IWA Publications (ISBN 978-1-78040-489-9)OLIVEIRA V. ET AL. (2014) Environmental Earth Sciences (DOI 10.1007/s12665-014-3103-2)*FRANZ C. ET AL. (2014) Science of the Total Environment 466–467, 513–523*FRANZ C. ET AL. (2013) Science of the Total Environment 452–453, 411-420*FRANZ C. ET AL. (2012) Journal of Environmental Earth Sciences 65 (5), 1601-1611*
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
CharcoalKIA 41658
4405 ±25 BP
Charcoal KIA 41659
5285 ±40 BP
CharcoalKIA 41657
5954 ±40 BP
CharcoalKIA 41656
6470 ±70 BP
Sedimentation rates
14C (5285-4405): 0,05 cm a-1
14C (5954-5285): 0,13 cm a-1
14C (6470-5954): 0,03 cm a-1
Franz 2012
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Franz 2012
Site Sediment thickness[cm]
Sedimentation rate[cm yr-1]
period[yr]
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Site 4
* based on 137 Cs signature# based on alien materials
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015Brasilien
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015Brasilien
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
upperslope
Sediment Cascade
lower slope
urban areas
gullyerosion
alluvial system
alluvial system
lake
Eros
ion
Eros
ion/
Sedi
men
tatio
nSe
dim
enta
tion
Ret
entio
nR
eten
tion
Gen
erat
ion
Gen
erat
ion
R e
s i
d e
n c
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t i m
e
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Franz et al. 2013
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Franz et al. 2013
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Land cover & contribution to alluvial sediments
Lago Paranoá BasinUrban 85 % / 34 % ⇒ 2.5Agric. 5 % / 8 % ⇒ 0.6 Natural 10 % / 58 % ⇒ 0.2
[%] Land use / [%] sediments = factor
Riacho Fundo BasinUrban 53 % / 38 % ⇒ 1.4Agric. 31 % / 47 % ⇒ 0.7 Natural 16 % / 12 % ⇒ 1.3
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Conclusions (1)o Sedimentation rates in modern times, i.e.
after 1960, are 10-100 times highero Sediments from urban, agricultural and
natural areas have distinct geochemicalfingerprints
o Fingerprinting method might help to quantifysources in frame of a sediment managementplan
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
SWAT Modelling
LORZ C. ET AL. (2014) IWA Publications (ISBN 978-1-78040-489-9)LIMA JEFW ET AL. (2013) Proceedings SWAT conference 2013, Toulouse, 10 pSTRAUCH M. ET AL. (2013) Journal of Environmental Management 127, 24-36STRAUCH M. ET AL. (2012) Journal of Hydrology 414-415, 413-424
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Conclusions (2)o Using a precipitation data ensemble leads to
more robust model resultso Multi-diverse crop rotations including irrigation
were found to be disadvantageous in terms of water availability by reducing base flow
o BMPs such as parallel terraces and small sediment basins (barraginhas) can lead to sediment load reductions of up to 40 % without affecting water yield
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Land use planning tool
LORZ C. ET AL. (2014) IWA Publications (ISBN 978-1-78040-489-9)KOSCHKE L ET AL. (2014) Ecological Processes, DOI 10.1186/2192-1709-3-2*LORZ C. ET AL. (2013) Journal of Environmental Management 127, S15-S23*
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Sediment retention
Runoff control
Agronomic
value
Nitr
ogen
fert
ilize
r
*
reference
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
landscape processes and function (LPF)
parameter reference
Sediment retention C factor (USLE) Morgan, 1995; Silva, 2007; Roose, 1976; Halbfaß & Grunewald, 2008; Lima & Lopez, 2009
Run off control CN value US SCS, 1972; USDA, 2004; Gonçalves, 2007; Franke, 1994/1995
Nitrogen loss control applied fertilizer [kg N ha-1 a-1]
FAO, 2010
Agronomic value yield [€ ha-1 a-1] IBGE, 2009
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Landnutzung spezifischSedimenteintrag [C-
Faktor der USLE]C-Faktor Standardisiert [0
bis 100]Agrarischer Wert [€/ha] nach IBGE7
Standardisiert [0 bis 100]
Wasserrückhalt [CN-Wert nach US SCS-Verfahren]8
Standardisiert [0 bis 100]
Gewässer-qualität [N
kg/ha]
Standardisiert [0 bis 100]
Acker, nicht spezifiziert
Acker, Sojabohnen, konventionell 0,20-0,501 0,35 35 503,96 7 72 69 7 6
Acker, Sojabohnen, no-tillage 0,172 2 0,172 17 503,96 7 64 54 0 0
Acker, Mais, konventionell
0,1720;2 0,40-0,90;3
0,02-0,90;1 >0,40 4 0,65 65 710,65 10 72 69 40 35
Acker, Mais, no-tillage 0,08-0104 0,09 9 710,65 10 64 54 0 0
Acker, Bohnen 0,30-0,401 0,35 35 978,78 14 72 69 11 10
Acker, Hirse 0,40-0,90;3 0,02-0,91 0,65 65 205,62 3 64 54 9 8
Acker, Weizen 0,10-0,40 1 0,25 25 1.010,36 15 64 54 9 8
Acker,Baumwolle0,50-0,70;3 0,40-
0,701 0,55 55 810,94 12 70 65 90 78
Acker, Kaffee0,10-0,30; 3 0,05; 1
0,219 20,219 22 1.226,75 18 66 57 115 100
Obst
Ananas, Avocado, Banane, Feige,
Guave, Mandarine, Mango, Maracuja, Orange, Papaya, Wassermelone,
Weintraube, Zitrone
Papaya: 0,21;1
Orangenplantagen: 0,21902
0,219 22 6.281,75 92 57 41 55 48
Gemüse
Annattostrauch, Kartoffel, Knoblauch,
Maniok, Reis, Süßkartoffel, Tomate, Zuckerrohr, Zwiebel
Süßkartoffel: 0,40-0,50;1 0,2-0,8;3
Maniok: 0,20-0,80;3
Zuckerrohr: 0,1743;2
0,13-0,40;1
Kartoffel: 0,1-0,51
0,5 50 6.847,91 100 70 65 57 50
Tierproduktion 0,1242 1 0,1242 12 59 44 0 0
Wiesen und Weiden 0,02-0,055 0,035 4 0 0 49 26 0 0
Grassteppe „Campo“ 0,01 1,3 0,01 1 0 0 89 100 0 0
Steppe „Cerrado“ 0,01 1,3 0,01 1 0 0 35 0 0 0Aufforstung 0,047 2 0,047 5 0 0 43 15 0 0Buschland 0,001 1 0,001 0 0 0 35 0 0 0
Naturnahe Wälder 0,001 1,3 0,001 0 0 0 55 37 0 0Verbrannte Fläche 0,160 6 0,16 16 0 0 74 72 0 0
vegetationslos 1 1,2,3 1 100 0 0 77 78 0 0
Siedlungsflächen 0,1242 1 0,1242 12 0 0 77 78 0 0Wasserflächen 0,14 1 0,14 14 0 0 -- -- 0 0
Sediment retention [C factor]Soy bean tillage 0.35 Soy bean no-tillage 0.17
Agronomic value [€ ha-1]Soy bean 704 Fruits 6.281
Runoff control [CN]Soy bean tillage 72 Soy bean no-tillage 64
N fertilizer [kg ha-1]Soy bean tillage 7 Corn tillage 40
Goldbach 2010
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Sediment retention
Runoff control
Agronomic
value
Land use [%]*
Nitr
ogen
fert
ilize
r
no tillage ⇒ tillage
Water Resources and Land Use in DFPresentation at UFSCNovember 6th, 2015
Conclusions (3)o LdB is a land use planning support tool with
focus on sediments but other landscape functions or ecosystem services are integrated open to modification transparent & easy to handle, participation is easy spatially explicit ⇒ ZEE zoning
o LdB is an integrating approach helping to bridge the gap between “real” models and landscape planning