Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See...
-
Upload
donald-dalton -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
1
Transcript of Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See...
Aspects of DevelopmentAspects of Development
“Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) Think Differently
See the World Differently
Live by Different Moral and Ethical Principles
Issues of Development Issues of Development
Does Cognitive Development Fall Within the Domain of the Classroom Teacher?
Piaget: How Cognitive Piaget: How Cognitive Development OccursDevelopment Occurs Schemes Adaptation
– Assimilation– Accommodation
Equilibration Contructivism
Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of Development
Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to Age 2) Reflexes Motor Activity Trial and Error Development of Object Permanence
Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of DevelopmentPreoperational Stage (Ages 2 to 7) Symbols and Language Inability to Understand Conservation
Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of DevelopmentPreoperational Stage (Ages 2 to 7)
Why can’t the child understand conservation?
Illogical Thinking– Centration– Focus on States – Lack of Reversibility
Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of DevelopmentPreoperational Stage (Ages 2 to 7) Other Examples of Illogical Thinking
– Egocentrism– Artificialism and Animism– Problems in Classification
Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of Development
Concrete Operational (Ages 7 to 11) Reversibility De-centered Thought Not as Egocentric Seriation
Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of Development
Concrete Operational (Ages 7 to 11)
Limitations Unable to Deal with Abstractions Limited Deductive Reasoning Capability
Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of Development
Formal Operational Stage (Age 11 to Adult) Hypothetical Situations Able to Test Hypotheses Internally Enhanced Problem Solving Ability
Whelks are more colorful than periwinkles. Whelks are less colorful than abalones. Therefore:
Formal Operations
Worms move slower than lice and worms are smaller than mice. Worms move faster than mice and worms are larger than lice. Therefore:
Formal Operations
Piaget: Criticisms and Revisions:Piaget: Criticisms and Revisions:The American QuestionThe American Question Tasks Can be Taught Earlier Exceptions to Egocentricity Development Depends on Task Development Influenced by Experience
Vygotsky: View of Cognitive Vygotsky: View of Cognitive DevelopmentDevelopment Assumptions
– Learning is a Social Process– Zone of Proximal Development
Means of Learning– Private Speech– Scaffolding
Issues of Development Issues of Development
Does Psychosocial Development Fall Within the Domain of the Classroom Teacher?
Erikson: Stages of Psychosocial Erikson: Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentDevelopmentTrust Versus Mistrust (Birth to 18 Months)Autonomy Versus Doubt (18 Months to 3
Years)Initiative Versus Guilt (3 to 6 Years)Industry Versus Inferiority (6 to 12 Years)
Erikson: Stages of Psychosocial Erikson: Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentDevelopmentIdentity Versus Role Confusion (12 to 18
Years)Intimacy Versus Isolation (Young Adult)Generativity Versus Self-Absorption
(Middle Adult)Integrity Versus Despair (Late Adult)
Issues of Development Issues of Development
Does Moral Development Fall Within the Domain of the Classroom Teacher?
Theories of Moral DevelopmentTheories of Moral Development
Piaget– Heteronomous Morality (Younger)– Autonomous Morality (Older)
Theories of Moral DevelopmentTheories of Moral Development Kohlberg
– Preconventional Punishment and Obedience Orientation Instrumental Relativist Orientation
– Conventional “Good Boy-Good Girl” Orientation Law and Order Orientation
– Postconventional Social Contract Orientation Universal Ethical Principle Orientation
Theories of Moral DevelopmentTheories of Moral Development Moral Dilemma
One of your brightest middle school students spills her purse which contains a non-prescription pain reliever product. You believe her when she tells you that her mother sent her to the store to buy them yesterday, but she forgot they were still in her purse. However, possession of the pill violates your school's zero-tolerance drug policy which you voted for. Would you report the incident?
Theories of Moral DevelopmentTheories of Moral Development Kohlberg
– Present moral reasoning that is just above the child’s current level to facilitate development
– Moral reasoning is not the same thing as moral behavior.
– Most people show reasoning from more than one stage.
– A word about the 10 commandments (p. 54).