Aspecte Gramaticale Trad Reviewed

8/13/2019 Aspecte Gramaticale Trad Reviewed

1/59

Grammar AspectsGrammar Aspects

in Translationin Translation


2/59

Words are used in a certaingrammatical form

that are arranged in sentences ina particular syntactic order.

Gr forms/structures, provide for the correct

arrangement of words in the text,

also convey some info which is part of its total contents.


3/59

They reveal the semanticrelationships between the

words/clauses/sentences in thetext,

make prominent some part of T

that is of particular significance. Though the bulk of the info in the

T is conveyed by its lexical

elements, the semantic role of Gr !/trshould not be overlooked by the

translator.


4/59

"mportance of the G# aspects of theT is often reflected in

the choice of the parallel forms andstructures in T$%

They fight for civil and politicalrights and the right to vote.

!"#$

%&'$#$ %( %(&.

)i l*pta pentr* drept*rile civile i

politice i drept*l de a vota.


5/59

&'uivalence in T# can be bestachieved if the translator does not

try to mirror the G# forms in theT.

There are no permanent G#e'uivalents and

the translator can choose between

the parallel forms and various G# transformations.


6/59

/he may opt for the latter

as there is never anabsolute identity betweenthe meaning and usage of

the parallel forms in $ andT$.


7/59

Gr. form gives the wordcombination a uni'ue G# meaning%

)+.tothe school,fromthe school. -e thre the /all to me/at me.

The grammatical meaning the meaning of a grammatical

unit,

be it a sentence,

a suffix or

a prefix.


8/59

The definite article thein &n istranslated into Roby adding

the s*ffi+ 0ul, -a, -i, -el, -ele,-lorto the word root(definite

articles in Ro:1 spo2e to thepost3an. 4

)* a3 vor/it c* po5ta5ul.A book )ocarte

A pupil(unelev


9/59

Ru.

A.The &n. indefinite article a-pointing out

The only sensi/le sol*tion in the

6iddle )ast is a peace hicho*ld ithdra 1sraeli troops.

7"($$ 89$ $:$$

&!$(' (%0; ,#


10/59

B.belonging to a well(knownfamily%

-e is a Kenne!" # $%& '%((%)"

C.one person from many%

-e as introd*ced to a *r

+lac"


11/59

TRof the &n nouns into Ro/Ru,

we must consider here

* types of nouns differing from allothers in the way of number%

sin1ularia tantum nouns 2nes, l*ggage, infor3ation,

3oney3

pluralia tantum nouns

+scissors, shorts, tongs


12/59

The co*nsellor@s a4ice 5asalays e+cellent.

6faturileconsilier*l*i erauAntotdea*na e+celente.

7u" 8%%()9 2:;%


13/59

-ere is the ne5sa/o*t theteenage cri3e in the BCD that is

on the increase. Dcesteasunt >tiriledespre

cri3ele co3ise de adolescenEi dinCBD care s*nt An cre5tere.

7u" F#(< (

%$8%&$?, ($:$


14/59

&n. The binoculars areon thedesk

#o. -inoclul estepe masa.


15/59

"n Ro there is no absolutee'uivalent for

the English Present Perfecttense

+1 have done or ast erfect tense

+1 had done. 1 ha4e not seenhi3.

J*0l 4?@usempKnL astLMi.(mai

mult ca perfectul J* l-am 4?@utpKnL astLMi.(

perfectul compus


16/59

n Nerfect for3s,

7uperfective ver/sO

1 ha4enBt finisheyet. 4 P %C%(%#(D"

Qy the ti3e e got there the rain ha

stoppe" E R 98 ($9$, ## 9< "&>

8", "!"> 8!$ F%$"

techniS*e of co3pensation ande+tension /y introd*cing adver/si3plying co3pletionO H%, %C%,


17/59

Past Perfect

En Ro-mai mult ca perfectul

When he got to the theatre, theshow had alreadystarted.

0nd a a1uns la teatru, spectacolulde1ancepuse.


18/59

Past Perfect

more fre'uently met in Enthan in

Ro Nerfect*l co3p*sis sometimes

used in Rowith the meaning ofmai mult ca perfectulI

The passengers got o*t as soon as

the train ha stoppe" Nasageriia* co/orAt de AndatL ce

s-a oprit"


19/59

Past Perfectforms may also beindifferent to these aspective

nuances, referring to an action prior to some

other action or a past moment.

1 hoped he ha reathat /oo2. U P "$&, ' D;8

#8, U P "$&, ' 8!$U

FD;8 #8.


20/59

"t is not infre'uent

that erfect tenses re'uirelexical compensation in T#%

-e ha Jeena captain. 4

')- =


21/59

The sameRo tense%

" readbooks every day

" am readingbooks now

" ha!e "een readingbooks for

two hours&u citesc ) indicati!ul pre#ent


22/59

Ru: imperfecti!e forms:

2$%&'( 34565 3789:;97


23/59

rogressive tenses,

denoting temporary continuous actions,

the Ruimperfective form% -e first /eca3e interested in dra3a

hen he 5as 5orin1a/road. 4

(%$(


24/59

*e+uence of tenses.

This G# phenomenon is very rigid in

&n.Ae saidhe ould gothere

&l a spuscB !a plecaacolo.C4 >37D7E, ?F 0123F@97

Ae saidthat he hada lot of work

&l a spuscB are multB treabB.

C4 45'6'1, ?F @ 4


25/59

Conditional clauses

7fhe comes,he ill helpus.KacB !a !eni, ne !a a8uta

L>E5 4 9%0&, 4 47H;


26/59

Temporal clauses

When he comes,he ill helpus.

0nd !a !eni, ne !a a8uta.

M697 4 9%0&, 4 47H;


27/59

The *u"8uncti!e 77translated

coniLionalul presentor

conMuncti4ulinto#o.

We 5ishthe proXect attache

special i3portance tointerc*lt*ral ed*cationY

Zori3 ca proiect*l s? acoreoi3portanEL deose/itLAnvLEL3Ant*l*i interc*lt*ralY


28/59

C*ppose the Dsse3/ly i notassistin crisis 3anage3entthro*gho*t )*rope.

ZacL c*3va Dd*narea nu ar

contriJuila sol*EionareacriMelor din )*ropa[


29/59

Ru.

onstructions with the Nish@(clauses

often re'uire antonymous

translation% 1 ish she 5erehere.

4 \&>, ' $$ "$> (%"

1 ish yo* ha not saiit to hi3.4 \&>, ' < $98 ; $#"


30/59

with negation

The negotiators ishthey ha

not puttheir signature to thedocument..

O?7>F4535 >P


31/59

7N -conMuncti4ul perfect"

The president ishes e haconcentrateon thedevelop3ent of econo3icco3petitivenessY

Nre5edintele dore5tes? ne ficoncentrat atenLiaas*pra

deMvoltLrii conc*renEeiecono3iceY.


32/59

=nreal Conditional Clauses

Ro condiEional*l

"f " hadmoney now, " ould "u> acastle.

KacB as a!eabani acum, a? cump@ra

un castel. ]ondiEional*l perfect

"f " had hadmoney last year, " ould

ha!e "oughtsomething. KacB as fi a!utbani anul trecut, mi-a?

fi cump@rat un castel.



33/59


to compensate the &n verb form by somemodifier indicating time%

1f she 5erein Je ^or2, she 5oulcertainlycallyo*.

4 7& =


34/59

Passi!e ConstructionsPassi!e Constructions

assive constructions usually

have e'uivalent functions in&nglish and #omanian%

&x.% The /oo2 5as 5ritteninb.

) ]artea a fost scris?An b.

-#eflexive oiceinRoUuch progress has "een made.

*-au f@cutmari progrese.

f b


35/59

ometimes P forms can betranslated with the help of acti!e

!oiceconstructions.This port can Je entere/y s3all

ships only.

) Zoar vase 3icipot intraAn acestport.

Dcest port este eschisdoarpentr* vase 3ici.


36/59

The intransitive verbs withprepositions are translated by

passive voice, reflexive(passiveforms%

The children ere ell looedafter.

opiii au fostbinengri8ii.

V doctor has "een sent for. Au trimis/s-a trimisdupB doctor.


37/59

Ru. is more fre'uently used in&n than in #u.

We ha!e "een in!itedto a publicreception.

: 231% 9%D1'0347X5Y57E=4:; SI5 9%D1'4%1%47

X5Y57E=4:; SI5


38/59

indirect passive%

-e 5as 1i4enthe /oo2.

798);8 #8. 0#u active voice verb in the

impersonal sentence. c prepositional passive%

The article 5as not referre to"

4 _ ;8 >` (% $$


39/59

d adverbial passive%

The roo3 hasnBt Jeen li4e

in" #9$ # $H(%H;%"

#ussian,

the passive construction is

substituted by an active one,sometimes a sub1ect of thesentence is introduced.


40/59

7nfiniti!e7nfiniti!e

"nfinitive constructions,

in contrast to &n,

are not fre'uently used in #o.

Con8uncti!ulin the impersonalform is used in #o.

1t is diffic*lt to unerstanhi3.

) ) gre*s?-lOnLele1i. L6 FI@94 S4RF=.


41/59

ger*ndor conX*nctiv*l

1 sa herlea4ethe office.

6heas seen to lea4ethe office.D fost vaM*taparasinofici*l.

We ere alloed to 1oto theconference.

Ji s0a per3iss? mer1emla

conferinEL.

R


42/59

Ru.

7nfiniti!eintroduced by for +for(

phrase, [.with infinitive in subordinate clause

*.re'uires a complete restructuring of

the entence The tide had flowed too far forUr

Wallace to re4erse it"

\J:F5R I7DP5P7E5>= F73>FI


43/59

the ways of translating &n infinitives %

by the infinitive%

To erris h*3an. 4 $&($#8 (=($ P=&$"

by the noun%

The /est ay to maechildren good isto 3a2e the3 happy.

4 8':= % ;$F(?:? "$$= 4 ; "$&> ?'&(


44/59

/y the participleO

The pro/le3 to Je consierein

]hapter is concerned ith the article.4 %,$$;%


45/59

&n Participle 7and ParticipialConstructionsinto #o

articiple " in &n (attribute and in this case it is rendered into #o by an

ad1ective%

Jo co*ntry is capableof surmountingthesepressin1pro/le3s on its on.

Jici o EarL n* este in stare sL reMolve

aceste pro/le3e ap?s?toare2presante3de *na sing*rL.

d i t #


46/59

a gerundinto #o.

Qorin1ith other ]o*ncil of )*rope

/odies, the ]o33issioner can s*/3it areport, reco33endation or opinion on aspecific 3atter ..

RucrOni3pre*nL c* alte instit*Eii ale]), co3isar*l poate adresa *n raport, oreco3andare sa* *n aviM as*praoricLrei chesti*ni speciale

P ti i l 7


47/59

Participle 7

translated by subordinate clauses%

[ attributive clauses% The r*les 1o4ernin1 this monitorin1proceurealso contain a n*3/er of

g*aranties for its transparency. jeg*lile care 1u4ernea@? aceast?proceur? e monitori@areconEin *n

n*3Lr de garanEii pentr* transparenEasa.

f t ti i l t l t d i t #


48/59

erfect articiple translated into #oeither by mai mult ca perfectulor by

perfectul compus" Sa4in1 raft the uropeanon4ention on inemato1raphico-prouction, the ]*lt*re]o33ittee has finaliMed a conventionY

Ueoarece elaJorase / up? ce aelaJorat on4enLia uropean?

pri4in coproucLiacinemato1rafic?, ]o3itet*l pentr*c*lt*rL a pregLtit ]onvenEiaY.

& ti i l # ti i l


49/59

&n articiple )#u articiple

The 3ain pro/le3 is risin1prices. 4

( %&$9 4$C%V$ %$8%

( '& (` $'>.

R tt i" ti l


50/59

Ru. attri"uti!e clause

The statement saying that both sides

are to abide by the cease(fireresolution was signed by most of thedelegates.

^7RPE


51/59

Gerun

Aressin1the gathering, the

minister stressed the importance ofpeace talks.

J29'K'I4H3 >JI7P`5H>R, H545>FI

S9?


52/59

)"8ect clause

Vt the cemetery mourners knocked

over tombstones in their frantic effortto watch the /ody Jein1 lo5ereintothe earth.

Z7 3E79J5Q< SI5>@F>FPP7P`5< 47S]I47] SIF7E35P7E5>= PS


53/59

English Lerund into Romanian

no*nor an infinitive.

Xromotin1the )*ropean principles ofeS*ality, non0discri3ination, toleranceand peacef*l co0e+istence Y..

Xromo4areaprincipiilor e*ropene de

egalitate non0descri3inare, toleranEL sico0e+istenEL pa5nicL Y.

nin1 violence against o3en in the

fa3ily is the responsi/ility of everyone.A pune cap?tviolenEei A3potrivafe3eilor An fa3ilie esteresponsa/ilitatea fiecLr*ia.

Th i f i th


54/59

The co3panypai for eYpanin1thee+port activities.

]o3pania a achitat / a pl?tit pentrue@4oltareaactivitLEilor de e+port.

The co3panypai to eYpanthe

e+port activities. ]o3pania apl?tit pentru a e@4olta

activitLEile de e+port

Perfect Lerund


55/59

Perfect Lerund

translated by 3ai 3*lt ca perfect*l

We than2ed hi3 for ha4in1 hatheinitiative.

10a3 3*lE*3it cL iniEiativafusesea l*i.

jB the no*nO


56/59

jB. the no*nOD o3an@s idea of 2eeping a secret is

refusin1to tell ho told it. 4$"(&$$ !$m< 9, ##" ?> $#$, 0 ; #m>, # $= $ #&.

the infinitiveO There@s nothing 3ore tragic in life than

the *tter i3possi/ility of chan1in1

hat yo* have done. 4 _$ '$ '$$ ( !, '$9&` $(9!>#%(&, ' < "$&&.

the adverbial participle%


57/59

the adverbial participle%

earn to si3 J!s5immin1.

4 k'> %&(>, F;. the clause%

1 a3 alays ready to learn, /*t 1do not alays li2e Jein1 tau1ht"]h*rchillU

4 P ($" ( 8'>, 9$$ ($" (>, ) %(D.

Th di l t ti i


58/59

The gerundial construction isalways translated by the clause%

-e as a3*sed at m! Jecomin1so i3patient ith hi3.

4 8"(& 98, ' $# $$%$&( 9.

-e stayed there itho*t o*r

no5in1it. 4 & 9, 9


59/59

Mord )rderMord )rder

"n &nglish the W is very strict,

while in Ro/Ruit is much moreflexible.

"n English

it is impossible to begin a sentence withan ob1ect, verb(predicate which is'uite acceptable in Ro/Ru.

ac2 ca3e at si+ o@cloc2.

Ra ora >ase a venit ac2.) `F= SI5`

Aspecte Gramaticale Trad Reviewed

Documents

Transcript of Aspecte Gramaticale Trad Reviewed