ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
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Transcript of ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Marta C. C. Lacerda (UFU)Marcos Siqueira (Unicamp)Paulo R. S. L. Coelho (UFU)
Luis F. Faina (UFU)Lásaro Camargos (UFU)
Christian E. Rotenberg (Unicamp)Rafael Pasquini (UFU)
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Agenda
ù Introductionù Design Goalsù Filling the FIBù Preparing IPv4 Packets for ANS-FWD Operationù Experimental Resultsù On the ASN-FWD Deployment Time Windowù Conclusion and Future Work
Introduction
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Foward Information Base
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
BGPRIBFIB
IPv4 PacketDSTIP
SourceDestination
Creates the packet
Longest Prefix Match
IPv4 to IPv6 Transition
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Network Layer
IPv4 IPv6
Most of current high capacity routers present FIB
memory capacity up to 1M IPv4 entries
Default
512K IPv4 entries
+256K IPv6 entries
BGP Reports [1]
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Last Decade
Main contributing factors
•Mobility
•Multi-homing
•IPv4 Provider Independent
Some Proposals
•HIP [4]
•LISP [5]
•Viaggre [6]
•Smalta [7]
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Clean slate and evolutionary proposals.Lack of deployability in either cases
Routing architecture changesNew addressing schemesNew infrastructure devices
Autonomous Systems
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
AS1
AS3 AS4AS2
AS5
BGP sessions
AS Numbers of 32 bits
ASN-FWD
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Autonomous System Number-based ForWarDing
FIBs use 32-bit-long ASN x IP Prefixes
Currently, the ASNs represents +/- 10% of total IPv4 Prefixes
Insertion of Adaptation-Boxes inside AS(carrier grade boxes)
Insertion of 8 bytes per IPv4 packet(optional header)
Design Goals
• No changes in the software of routers• No changes in routing protocols currently used in
Internet• No changes in the protocol stack of end hosts;• Compatible with current CDN• Seamless communication among AS with and
without support to ASN-FWD• Backward compatibility with all IPv4-based
applications
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Design Goals
6. No need for a centralized solution;7. No dependence on DNS structure;8. Compatible with current CDNs; 9. Seamless communication among AS with and
without support to ASN-FWD;10.Backward compatibility with all IPv4-based
applications.
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
ASN-FWD Example Network Scenario
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Filling the FIB
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Filling the FIB
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Use of 11/8 to disseminate ASNs.
Currently, there is no ASN higher than 224.
Preparing IPv4 Packets for ASN-FWD Operation
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Experimental Results
• Prototype developed using libipq [15]• Intel Core2 Quad CPU Q9550 2.83GHz with 4GB of
RAM• Intel Core i7-2640M 2.8 GHz with 6GB of RAM• Open SuSE 12.2 with Linux Kernel 3.4.47• VirtualBox 4.2.12
• Considered TCP and UDP transmissions• wget• netcat
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Experimental Results• Base box
• libapq + Linux• VirtualBox
• Client• wget (TCP) + netcat (UDP)
• ASN-FWD packets sent through the public Internet• Federal University of Uberlândia (RNP Backbone)
• ASN – 200.19.151.21• IPs – 200.19.151.32/30
• CPQD - Brazilian operator• ASN/IP – 189.15.69.57 (used a single IP)
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Experimental Results
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
End-to-end path of the experiments collected with traceroute.
Experimental Results
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
TCP log using wget – From the operator network to the university.
Experimental Results
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
TCP log using wget – From the university to the operator network.
Experimental Results
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
UDP log using netcat – From the operator network to the university.
Experimental Results
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
UDP log using netcat – From the university to the operator network.
Experimental Results
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
On the ASN-FWD Deployment Time Window
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Conclusions and Future Work
• Shrinks the IPv4 share on FIB
• Offers backward compatibility to legacy applications
• Minimally invasive
• Transparently developed on top of standardized mechanisms• Optional IP headers• BGP messages• FIB generation functions• Packets’ forwarding mechanisms
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Conclusions and Future Work
• Requires IP-to-ASN mapping• Developed by using information currently available in
BGP
• Can also be adopted for IPv6 traffic forwarding
• SDN investigations• OpenFlow match + encap/re-write actions• Host-based approaches in data center scenarios
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Questions
ASN-FWD: Shrinking the IPv4 Share on the Forwarding Information Base
Lásaro J. [email protected]
Rafael [email protected]