ASME Presentation - Nanotechnology

7/29/2019 ASME Presentation - Nanotechnology

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ASME CRTD Research Committee

on Nanomanufacturing Technology

Nanomanufacturing Survey Results

December 2012

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Background

ASMEs nanomanufacturing activities include the Center for Research &

Technology Development (CRTD) NanoManufacturing Research Committee

and the ASME NanoEngineering Interdisciplinary Council.

ASME is considering developing a workshop to provide a better understanding

and assessment of the state of nanomanufacturing and the most pressingneeds in nanomanufacturing research, education, and training. It needs to

identify the challenges that industry and organizations in the nanotechnology

and nanomanufacturing areas currently face.

To accomplish this an online survey was conducted in June, 2012. The survey

was sent to 6,522 individuals who had either purchased Nano-related products

from ASME or participated in Nano-related activities (conferences, etc.). 334

started the survey and 139 completed the survey.

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Key Findings

Most of the respondents take part in the commercialization ofnanotechnology.

About half are involved in the commercializing of nanotechnology or

currently enhance existing products or processes by incorporating

nanotechnology.

About three-quarters say they desire to enhance existing products or

processes by incorporating nanotechnology.

Respondents play a variety of different roles in commercializing

nanotechnology.

In many instances the number of individuals involved in

commercializing nanotechnology is small (


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Key Findings (2) Finding appropriate personnel, networking with others in the field,

and learning about commercialization strategies were judged as

the more pressing needs.

The key challenge areas of greatest concern include:

Insufficient capital investment

Long path to commercialization

High cost of processing

Process scalability

It appears the foreign competition, regulatory concerns,

environmental safety and health, and unattractive market potential

are viewed as key challenges of low concern consistent with the

evaluations of different areas of need.

There are specific products for which certain key challenge areas

are of greater concern and other products for which certain key

challenge areas are of lesser concern.

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Key Findings (3) Academic journals are the most utilized ways of stay abreast of

advances in nanotechnology. However, development from

industry and industrial needs are more often communicated

through magazines and newsletters.

A little more than one-third currently support professional or trade

associations in the nanotechnology area.

A little more than two-fifths (43%) of the organizations receive

funding from the federal government for nanotechnology research

and development.

This funding has led to a commercialized product(s) for 15% of the

organizations receiving this funding; another 57% claim they haveproducts currently in development.

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Yes44%No

56%

Play Role in CommercializingNanotechnology

Yes

53%

No47%

Currently Enhance ExistingProducts or Processes by

Incorporating Nanotechnology

Yes75%

No25%

Desire to Enhance ExistingProducts or Processes by

Incorporating Nanotechnology

Roles in Nanotechnology Commercialization

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Roles in commercializing nanotechnology

Materials Supplier4%

IntermediateProcessor

5% EquipmentManufacturer

4%

Component of Sub-system Supplier

4%

Manufacturer/Integrator/Assembler

12%

Energy, capitalequipment

1%

Contract or non-profit R & D org

11%

GovernmentLab/Agency

2%

AcademicLab/Organization

49%

Consulting6%

What specific role does your organization play in commercializing nanotechnology? 7


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Number of personnel involved in

nanotechnology commercialization

Less than 1052%

11 -2016%

21 - 5013%

51 - 1007%

More than 10012%

How many personnel are directly involved in your organizations

nanotechnology commercialization activities? 8


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Types of products incorporating

nanotechnology being commercialized

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Convergence Products

Other

Personal Care, Nanofluids & Colloids

Transportation & Structural Products

Biomarkers and Q-Dots

Defense, Security, & Protective Gear

Nano-manipulation, Imaging & Visualization Tools

Computing, Design & Software Tools

Environmental Sensing & Remediation Products

Nano-Bio &Tissue Engineering Products

Drug Delivery, Diagnostic Systems & Medical Implants

Catalysis, Battery, Fuel Cells & Energetics

Electronic Devices, Displays & Optoelectronics

Nanofluidics and Filtration Products

Semiconductors, Nanowires, Lithography & Print Products

Nanoparticles and Nanopowders

Coatings, Paints and Thin-Films

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44

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What types of products incorporating nanotechnology have been

commercialized and/or are being developed? 9


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Needs in Nano Manufacturing

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44

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Understanding the regulatory "maze"

Protecting your intellectual property inthe nanotechnology sphere

Interacting between your organizationand federal agencies

Learning about commercializationstrategies

Networking with others in the field

Finding appropriate personnel to employ

Percent top-two box

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To what degree do you have a need for the following. Please use a five-

point scale where five indicates an extreme needs and one no need at all.


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Key Challenges

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Unattractive Market Potential

Environmental Safety and Health ConcernsRegulatory Concerns

Foreign Competition

Lack of qualified management/business skills

Intellectual Property Issues

Developing sustainable alliances/supply-chains

Societal benefits not recognized

Availability of raw materials

Shortage of qualified technical manpower

Material/product variability

Lack of development tools

Multi-discplinary aspects impose complex resource needs

Manufacturing resources not keeping pace with developments

Process Scalability

High cost of Processing

Long path to commericialization

Insufficient Capital Investment

Percent Key Challenge

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Key challenge areas for different

products

Key Challenge Area Products Strongly Challenged Products Less Challenged

1. Insufficient investment capital Nano fluidics & Filtration Products

Defense, security, & protective gear

Transportation and Structural Products

Computing, Design, and Software Tools

Convergence Products

2. Long path of commercialization Nano-bio tissue engineering products

Personal care, Nano fluids and colloids

Convergence products


3. High cost of processing Semiconductors, Nanowires Convergence products

Drug Delivery, Diagnostic Systems, &

Medical Implants

4. Process Scalability Nano-bio Engineering Products

Nano Manipulation, Imaging &

Visualizations Tools

Computer Design and Software Tools

5. Manufacturing Resources not in pace

with developments



Electronic devices, displays &

optoelectronics displays

Biomarkers & Q-dots


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Key Challenge Area Products Strongly Challenged Products Less Challenged

6. Multi-disciplinary aspects impose

complex resource needs


optoelectronics display



Semiconductors, Nanowires

7. Lack of development tools Drug Delivery, Diagnostic Systems, &

Medical Implants


Catalysis, battery, fuel, and energetics

Semiconductors, Nanowires


optoelectronics displays

8. Material/product variability Defense, security, & protective gear


Biomarkers & Q-dots

Nanoparticulates & nanopowders

9. Shortage of qualified technical

manpower



Nanoparticulates & nanopowders

Biomarkers & Q-dots

10. Availability of raw materials

11. Developing sustainable

alliances/supply-chains



Biomarkers & Q-dots

12. Societal benefits of nanotechnology

are not recognized


optoelectronics display

Nano-bio Engineering Products

Nano Manipulation, Imaging &

Visualizations Tools

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Absence of high-fidelity modeling and simulation tools, lack of knowledge on "physics of

failure" of micro/Nano components and devices

Acquiring research support for university research. Partnering with companies willing toaid in commercialization.

Affordable development resources, patent trolls,

All type of resources and IPR

Allocating resources for research

Best scalable way to produce nanoparticles

Bonding of various materials

Centralized execution, low flexibility in research proposals

Complex manufacturing process leads to long cycles in development

Consistency of processes and funding

Control and Characterization; Computational Limitations

Developing sustainable and reliable supply chains for processing the nanopolymer during

each process

Developing the right tools

Doing good science

Durable optical coatings on glass to tailor solar spectrum handling

Getting buy-in from management to research nanomaterials.

Hard to find materials or research related to materials

Having facilities to scale up from research to commercial products

Hiring good graduate students and making sure to have the necessary infrastructure

How to scale up

What are the key research challenges that you face in your work onmicro/nano manufacturing?

Key Research Challenges Faced

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I am working on thermal fluid behavior of Nanofluids experimentally and also numerically.

Actually, there are not available all size of nanoparticles in the market. There are the lacks

of different nanoparticles material in the market as well. The size which they indicate is notproper size as well. There is not any data base for stabilizing material for different Nano

fluids. On the other hand regarding the safety issues, using the nanoparticles which already

dispersed in the base fluid could be important which they are not in the market for all

nanoparticles and also all size as well.

Identifying the process steps needed to fabricate the device and then locating user fab that

can support the process steps. Device verification is complex and expensive. It would be

nice to have a user test lab along with a user fab (pay equipment use by the hour).

Insufficient equipment for nanofabrication

Insufficient funding

Insufficient investment capital

Interdisciplinary nature of the field require communication between professionals across

the disciplines

Irreproducibility at nano-scale

It

s application in the oil & gas industry.

Keeping abreast or ahead of the curve in the development of commercial products and how

they need to be evaluated. Lack of experienced staff for practical/industrial attractive applications with projection

[even for the near future]

Lack of industry funding.

Lack of knowledge databases that connect commercial and research resources

Lack of resources

Lack of theoretical exposure

Key Research Challenges Faced (2)

15What are the key research challenges that you face in your workon micro/nano manufacturing?


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Large scaling consistent product

Lead Free Solders

Long path to commercialization (2)

Manpower (2)

Manufacturing sample of different structure

Material availablities

Measuring what you manufacture. Moving from nanofabrication to nanomanufacturing.

Understanding which technologies are most likely to go to market first.

Microfabrication

Much of the leader in nanotech base a significant part of the research in non-reality. I was

heavily in involved in nanotech in in the 1990s but moved on to other things when I found

people like those at the foresight institute more interested in things like freezing your head

when you die or working backwards from the future as their main goals instead of

furthering nanotech in any real way.

Multi-disciplinary aspects

Nanomanufacturing still needs transition from the lab to the fab, this could only be done by

development and not at research labs or academia

Nanoparticles

Obtaining federal funding. Prioritization of tip-based nano manufacturing as an important

and viable technology

Particles and contamination

Process scalability

Rapid identification of promising new product designs

Reproducibility of properties on a large scale

Reproducibility of results


16What are the key research challenges that you face in your workon micro/nano manufacturing?


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Resolution, compatibility

Rheology and processability of nano-particle laden melts and interfacial effects in

multicomponent melts. Scale up

Scale up to large production size/volume

Scaling up, another major challenge is maintaining customer specs. Nano specs are

difficult to get exact but customers demand specifics

Screening / sourcing nanomaterials for incorporation in industrial scale equipment


Synthasis and characterizing of nanoparticles

Testing/prove of concept The durability of products incorporating nanotechnology is called into question.

Materials which rely on implanted or adsorbed nanoparticles are subject to failure.

The seems to be a disconnect between the pure, fundamental science of

nanotechnology and the broad implementation of such technology, especially at the

societal level.

Turn-about time

Understanding nanoparticle dispersion behavior during wetting of solid substrates

Understanding of the nucleation and first particle growth Validation and metrology of nanostrucutres is a key challenge

We are into engineering consultancy

We are trying to improve our Insulation Materials


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What are the key research challenges that you face in your work

on micro/nano manufacturing?


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Access to manufacturing and metrology toolsets is expensive

Acquiring equipment grants.

Adequate for prototyping and low volume demonstrators Availability (2)

Capital

Commercial instruments are highly specific and not usually customizable. As a result,working on nanomnufacturing often requires the development of custom instruments tohelp understand processes. This is expensive, time consuming, and forces theresearcher to narrow scope to a specific process type (e.g., nano print lithography) whichmay or may not be the next big thing.

Cost

Cost and {tools +infrastructure} limited only to some big companies and renown Labsand universities

Cost is too high

Cost of electronic microscopes

Cost, accessibility

Developing special fixtures

Developing the right tools

Environmental safety and health concerns.

Facilities Finding competent/knowledgeable commercial 3rd-party sources. We can always find

academic sources, but those just can't produce to time/cost goals.

Have a good chemistry to make samples

High capital cost of tools, access to tools at universities is limited, tools are down a lot

High investment and running cost, lack of exposure to available infrastructure

High price

What are the key challenges that you face regarding the tools andinfrastructure you use to work on micro/nano manufacturing?

Key Tool and Infrastructure Challenges

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Key Tool and Infrastructure Challenges (2) I can't get myself hired by the people who need me

Imaging

Improve realization of nanoparticles Instruments, measuring

Insufficient capital.

Insufficient federal funding.

Insufficient human resources who have an extensive background and solid expertisein nanotechnology

Insufficient tools

Knowing the government standards and how best to analyze products for "nano"related short-comings.

Lack of R&D sponsored to solve specific industry problems

Lack of screening tools

Lack of tools/reference instruments supporting consistent results for verification

Large profit margins of manufacturers due to limited sales

Lighting (LED vs. laser)

Long lead times for vacuum coating and processing equipment

Losing objective decisions. Hydrophobia surfaces depend on a science that isobjective from user to user

Low processing temperature and higher re-melting temperatures maintenance issue of infrastructure

Making friends in R&D Labs on challenging areas

Making sure the SEM, EM, AFMs, and other characterization tools run properly

Modeling and layout tools are very expensive for a small business. Must rely on opensource software and general purpose tools. The takes longer and is more error prone.User fabs are great for R&D but are not good for small scale production.

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Key Tool and Infrastructure Challenges (3)

Most of the fabrication tools need to be retrofitted with in-house solutions to make

them compatible to nonmanufacturing Old or unreliable R&D scale equipment

Precise control over the dimension of the structures

Rapid nondestructive nanoscale characterization

Reliability.

Reliable, robust, "affordable" methods of implementing nanotechnology are needed.

Sanction

Scale and automation

Scale-up of lab processes Scaling dimensions

Searching the application in medicine


Stability and reproducibility

The nanoparticle size is not exact. The shape of particles is not the same as well. Theconventional thermal conductivity meters cannot work well for Nano fluids.

The tools means development that are typically done during prototyping and not atresearch labs

The tools required are not commercially available because the need has not beenpreviously realized

We don't do microfiber so there is no interest in pursuing anything we can't farm out.

We invented smart blending machinery that is scalable. However, more work is neededto improve uniformity in resulting materials.

Workforce training and understanding

20What are the key challenges that you face regarding the tools andinfrastructure you use to work on micro/nano manufacturing?


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A better understanding is needed of how nano-particles migrate from matrixmaterials to the environment and on biodegradation.

Air quality is greatly affected by the nanoparticles. We spend a great deal of effort

and money into implementing safety measures. Breathing, air quality, toxicity research variances

EHS of nanomaterials is a key issue in commercialization

Evolving regulations

Government policy issues

Insufficient knowledge regarding proper safety protocols for handling nanoparticlepowders and dispersions

It is generally unknown how the human body will respond to nanoparticles and

nano machines etc. and there is a fair amount of indication that these could posesignificant health problems.

Lack of central data repository that is freely accessible

Lack of long term exposure data for many nano materials

Laser

Lasers and high voltages

Looking out for our insured customers so that they don't have an issue; and welose face.

Many unknowns concerning health impacts of nanomaterials Most people follow the rule safety first and this is proper

Nanoparticle inhalation. Process chemicals and byproducts are often toxic.

Poor quality of available nanoparticles

Potentially, touch handling of coated surfaces or rework/grinding of coatedsurfaces could be a vector for human exposure in skin/eyes, lungs

What specific challenges do you face regarding the safety of your work?

Safety Challenges Faced

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Proper ventilation

Safety is not an issue, however, insufficient data on the particle properties ofdifferent materials e.g. toxicity etc.


Standardization

Standards

The influence of nanoparticles

There are still lingering concerns about the consequences of the proliferationof nanomaterials into daily use.

There is the lack of exact standard for each nanoparticles regardingenvironmental issues and also in the case of accident in the laboratory. Howmuch particle can be exposure in the environment, and how we can sense it?

There is not enough research available regarding the contact of differentnanoparticle with different part of human body (skin, lung, eyes).

Time and effort required of students to ensure compliance.

Toxic chemicals that we have to use fabricate micro/nano-scale devices

Toxic chemicals to be handled

Toxicity of most nanomaterials

Unknown behavior of active nanomaterial in animals and human bodies

User fab safety is very good and rely on this. Once device is fabricated safetyissues not significant. Keeping the device clean and uncontaminated forpackaging more of a concern.

Very small, airborne properties

Safety Challenges Faced

22What specific challenges do you face regarding the safety of your work?


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Ways of keeping up with advances in

nanotechnology and innovations from

industry in nanotechnology

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64

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35

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Other

Websites

Participate in list serves

Attend continuing education courses

Professional or trade association

Webinars

Books

Attend Workshops

Network with colleagues

Read newletters

Magazines

Academic Journals

Innovations from industry and industrials needs related to nanotechnology

Advances in nanotechnology

How do you keep up with . . . ? (check all that apply) 23


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Funding from federal government

resulting in commercialized products

Yes receivedfunding from

federalgoverment fornanotechnology research

anddevelopment

43%

No, do not57%

Yes15%

No28%

Product(s)currently in

development57%

Funding resulted in commercialized

product(s)?

Has your organization received

funding from the federal

government from

nanotechnology research and

development?

Did this funding result in a

commercialized product(s)? 24


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Professional or Trade Associations in

the Nanotechnology Area

No63%

Yes37%

Support Professional or Trade Association in theNanotechnology Area

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Jobs in Nano Manufacturing

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0 10 20 30 40 50

Other

A plant floor engineer involved with micro/nanomanufacturing

Owner, CEO, or Senior Engineer

A design engineer involved with mico/nanomanufacturing

A program or project leader engineers involvedwith micro/nano manufacturing

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Years of Experience

Q. I have been a practicing engineer . . . .

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Not employed as an engineer (other type ofprofessional)

More than 20 years

11 - 20 years

6 - 10 years

2 -5 years

Less than 2 years

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Key Findings

Most of the respondents take part in the commercialization ofnanotechnology.

About half are involved in the commercializing of nanotechnology or

currently enhance existing products or processes by incorporating

nanotechnology.

About three-quarters say they desire to enhance existing products or

processes by incorporating nanotechnology.

Respondents play a variety of different roles in commercializing

nanotechnology.

In many instances the number of individuals involved in

commercializing nanotechnology is small (


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Key Findings (2) Finding appropriate personnel, networking with others in the field,

and learning about commercialization strategies were judged as

the more pressing needs.

The key challenge areas of greatest concern include:

Insufficient capital investment

Long path to commercialization

High cost of processing

Process scalability

It appears the foreign competition, regulatory concerns,

environmental safety and health, and unattractive market potential

are viewed as key challenges of low concern consistent with the

evaluations of different areas of need.

There are specific products for which certain key challenge areas

are of greater concern and other products for which certain key

challenge areas are of lesser concern.

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Key Findings (3) Academic journals are the most utilized ways of stay abreast of

advances in nanotechnology. However, development from

industry and industrial needs are more often communicated

through magazines and newsletters.

A little more than one-third currently support professional or trade

associations in the nanotechnology area.

A little more than two-fifths (43%) of the organizations receive

funding from the federal government for nanotechnology research

and development.

This funding has led to a commercialized product(s) for 15% of the

organizations receiving this funding; another 57% claim they haveproducts currently in development.

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ASME Presentation - Nanotechnology

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