Asian-ngv - May 10

Volume V Number 39 May 2010

Global steel price

Increase in iron oreprices, time to visitNGV expo and buy

LNG port station

An untapped marketin China

LNG and CNG market in China

May 20102

Summary04 World composite cylinder market,

NGVs and stations equipment business

The global composite cylinder marketfor NGVs is projected to reach USD368.8 million by 2015. In the countryupdate, China, India, Thailand ...

18By end of 2009, it is estimated thatmore than 80 cities in China are promoting NGVs, with total amount of400,000-500,000 units of these ...

20

23 LNG port station, an unexploredmarket in China

24 India and Thailand investmentand growth

25 China acquisition in Australia forCBM and LNG business

28 Form other regions: Mexico,Argentina-Bolivia, South Africa

30 OEM NGVs: Bangladesh, India,Pakistan, Thailand, USA

34 NGV2010 Roma conference and expo, 8-10 June

38 BusinessCentre: GSR, Versus, Zapp

Copies Distribution

Asia in brief: India andBangladesh

Asian NGV Communications is a publicationof NGV Communications Group, publishinghouse and fairs-conferences organizer: www.ngvgroup.comIn Europe, we print The Gas Vehicles Report,GVR, and www.ngvguide.com, theInternational NGV Guide. In Argentina, the Group publishes PrensaVehicular, Argentine CNG Guide, maps,books and brochures while in Brazil, Folhado GNV, Brazilian NGV Guide, maps andposters, among others. In Peru PrensaVehicular Peru. More info: www.ngvgroup.comThe signed articles are exclusive responsibility ofthe authors, as well as advertising companies andagencies are responsible for the published ads.

300-5, Changchon-Ri ■ Namsan-MyunChuncheon-Si ■ Kangwon-Do ■ 200-911 Tel. and fax.: +82 33 260 3419

+31 20 420 [email protected] ■ www.asiangv.com

Vicolo Gonzaga 13 ■ 46045 Marmirolo (Mn)Tel.: +39 0376 [email protected] ■ www.thegvr.com

Uspallata 711 ■ CP 1268 ■ Capital FederalTel./Fax: +54 11 43074559 /5201/ 43006137 [email protected]

is member of the ANGVA (Asia Pacific NGV Association)

19 China LDV bifuel market- Worldsteel prices

This page consists of 2 different shortoutlines: the availability of LD-NGVs inChina and the rising of iron ore price inthe world

We print and mail to 24countries about 4.000 copiesaddressed to governmental relat-ed offices, OEM and Oil & Gascompanies, associations, related NGV indus-tries, refuelling stations,workshops and suppliers,according the following list (somefigures rounded):Armenia: 0.3%Australia: 4.1%Azerbaijan: 0.2%Bangladesh: 5.0%China: 10.9%Egypt: 1.9%India: 9.5%

Indonesia: 1.6%Iran: 7.0%Israel: 0.1%Japan: 10.2%Korea: 5.1%Malaysia: 6.6%Myanmar: 0.5%New Zealand: 1.0%Pakistan: 11.4%Philippines: 3.6%Russia:4.3%Singapore: 3.1%Taiwan: 0.2%Thailand: 5.8%Turkey: 5.5%United Arab Emirates: 2.1%Vietnam: 0.1%

In addition, the magazine issent to over 19.300 readersin 94 countries

by e-mail (.pdf) and is also onlinein www.ngvgroup.comIf your NGV business is in Asia,advertise with us.

Asian NGV Communications300-14, Changchon-Ri,Namsan-Myun, Chuncheon-Si, Kangwon-Do,200-911 KOREATel : +31 20 420 1076Tel : +82 33 260 3419e-mail: [email protected]

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Av. Rio Branco, 131 Sala 1.701CEP: 20040-006 Rio de Janeiro - RJTel: +55 21 8572-1086 / [email protected] ■ www.folhadognv.com

Printed: Rigraph S.R.L.• Constitución 4, 28.511 Madrid - España• Tilcara 3.146, Buenos Aires

NGV development in China

May 20104

InternationalOn June 8-10th, 2010, The InternationalAssociation for NGVs (IANGV) will hold its12th conference and exhibition: NGV2010Roma . The event, organised by NGVCommunications Group and hosted by theItalian NGV Association, will take place inRome City, the capital of Italy.The entry to the expo is free, while the pre-registration to the conference may bedone through www.ngv2010roma.com. The CNG cylinder market has seen a doubledigit growth during the last decade, according to Lucintel, global market researchand management consulting firm.The global composite cylinder market forNGVs is projected to reach USD 368.8 million by 2015. The growth in the compositematerials consumption in CNG cylinders ismainly driven by the increase in NGVstogether with rising acceptance of compositeCNG cylinders in relation to total lifecyclecost benefits. The benefits seen as criticalelements include: weight savings, fuel economy, cost effectiveness, and other performance benefits.Interest among Asian suppliers to cater theincreasing demand in domestic and exportmarkets is expected to enhance competitiveness in the segment. Both Asia-Pacific and Europe are seen as themain consumer of this cylinder.Responding to Asian NGV Communicationsinquiry, Peter Boisen from NGVA Europe saidthat looking at the CNG cylinder market, Asiamainly use type 1 with a potential for composite cylinders (type 3 and/or 4). Allover the world, for buses with roof-mountedcylinders, type 3 and/or 4 are commonlyused (as type 1 and 2 would be too heavyfor the bus roof structure to bear). In Europe,type 1 cylinder is also popular especially forcars/LDVs, while some OEM NGVs such asDaimler uses type 3 or 4 to reduce totalvehicle weight (as the cylinders added manykgs to the automotive). LNG tanks are mainlyused for heavy-duty trucks and buses.

ChinaLocal automaker, Changan Auto (Chana)unveiled bifuel CNG/gasoline Yuexiangaround mid March. The car costs RMB60,000 per unit, around RMB 20,000 cheap-er than its contenders, Dongfeng C-ElyséeCNG and BYD Auto (B yàdí Qìch ) F3 bifuelmodels. Chana Xiziang has also introduced1.6 L manual comfort CNG model in select-ed areas and sells it at RMB 80,180 per unit.More information about China bifuel cars ispresented in a special page in this magazine.Fortune Oil Plc (Fortune Oil), which workwithin oil and gas supply infrastructure projects in China, has announce that it has

contractor rights for coal bed methane(CBM) block in Shanxi Province. This projectis part of the firm’s strategy to grow into anindependent integrated gas company withpresence across the gas value chain. Its gasbusiness also takes care of the NG distribution. It has one of the biggest CNGfilling stations around Beijing (mother station),several CNG retail stations, two LNG production plants, and a fleet of CNG trucks. CMIC Enric, provider of CNG cylinders, CNGand LNG trailers and CNG filling station systems, saw a rebound in the NG equipment sales during the second semesterof 2009. Turnover of hydraulic CNG fillingstation system rose by 12.4% while the CNGtrailer and cylinder type 1 segment fell by only0.1% compared with the figure in 2008.Meanwhile, in the LNG trailers and tanks, andLNG engineering project segment the earnings fell by 30.5% and 20.8% respectively.

IndiaThe country’s NG demand is expected todouble by 2015, according to global consultancy firm Mc Kinsey. Currently, Indiauses 166 mmscmd of gas (132 mmscmd fromlocal supply while the rest comes from importedLNG). In the next 5 years, the demand is likelyto increase to 230-320 mmscmd.To cope with the projected demand, India’sNG industry would need to invest aroundUSD 40-50 billion in the value chain. Withthese, the industry’s income could double toUSD 50 billion by 2015 from USD 25 billiontoday. The gross profit would be aroundUSD 30 billion, almost twice today’s level.Following the controversy regarding the planto buy Air Conditioned (AC) and non-ACCNG buses, Pune Mahanagar ParivahanMahamandal Ltd (PMPML) finally decided toadd 500 non-AC CNG buses to its existingfleet. Earlier, related authority protested thatno AC buses should be bought from theJawaharlal Nehru National Urban RenewalMission (JNNURM) fund.In February 2009, the government offeredfunding for purchase of public buses throughthe JNNURM programme in which theMinistry of Urban Development will allocatethe financing for the provision of thesebuses—aiming at reducing traffic congestion.Accordingly, Cummins India LTD (CIL)received an order for 460 NG engines forthese vehicles.Meanwhile, Gas Authority of India Ltd (GAIL),largest NG transportation company in India -which also formed a joint venture (JV) withChina Gas- will work together to meet thedemand in the fast-growing downstreamChinese gas sector. The JV, GAIL China GasGlobal Energy Holdings Ltd, will track opportunities in CNG, CBM, LNG city gas,pipeline, and E&P projects.

PakistanThe Argentine Ambassador Rodolfo J.Martin-Saravia and Regional Director ofGalileo, CNG filling station compressor anddispenser provider, Juan Ojanguren met thePakistan Federal Minister for EnvironmentHameed Ullah Jan Afridi to discuss aboutCNG filling facilities for buses. Martin-Saraviamentioned that around USD 700,000 investment is needed to build each stationand equip it with advanced technology. Afridiunderlined that consultation processbetween both countries are underway.Government of Pakistan is committed toadopt Cleans Energy System ofTransportation in the country and that thegovernment is offering financing for this programme while Argentina would providelatest technology-based expertise for thisproject.The authorities are conducting several activities to regulate NGV related regulationsand practices. A policy concerning construction of CNG stations in residentialareas is being reviewed. Amongst others, toavoid corruption, allocations of contracts ofCNG station installations along the highwaysand national roads. Demolition of CNG stations illegally built on Capital DevelopmentAuthority’s land. Vehicle inspections byVehicular Emission Control Programme(VECOP), checking the air pollution andnoise level emitted by commercial and private vehicles (of all fuels: diesel, CNG,gasoline, etc). It is found that in few CNGvehicles, the emission level should be able tobe lowered. Therefore it is important for theowners to convert their vehicles in certifiedworkshops with licensed and skilled staff,and use certified equipment to ensure amaximum engine performance. Meanwhile, the All Pakistan CNG Association-which represents 3,100 CNG stationsacross the nation -was very unlikely to agreeto government’s ruling to close some fueldispensing premises due to the gas shortfall.The argument lies in the fact that the NGVsector only uses 7% of the country’s totalgas consumption. So, closing some of thosestations is unlikely to help reducing gas deficit(which recently went down further by 25%).

ThailandMitsubishi Thailand introduced Triton CNGbifuel gasoline-CNG single cab 2.4 GL andmega cab 2.4 GLX during last March andApril in Bangkok.This is the first bifuel pickup under Mitsubishi that comes with 3-year or100,000 km warranty. The vehicle costs around THB 611,000/ unit(only THB 65,000 more expensive than thegasoline version).

World cylinder market with NGVs, station,equipment business in Asia

May 20106

世界气瓶市场以及亚洲天然气汽车、加气站及设备发展动态全球2010年6月8-10日，国际天然气汽车协会将在意大利首都罗马举行第12届世界天然气汽车大会暨展览：NGV 2010 Roma.本次活动由天然气汽车传媒集团（NGV Communications Group）承办，意大利天然气汽车协会主办（Italian NGVAssociation）。参观本次展览将免费，参会注册请登陆www.ngv2010roma.com根据全球市场研究和管理咨询公司—— Lucintel的报告，过去10年来全球压缩天然气气瓶市场增长率达到两位数。据预测，到2015年全球用于天然气汽车的复合材料气瓶市场将达到3．688亿美元。气瓶用复合材料消费的增长来源于天然气汽车市场的增长，同时也与消费者认可复合材料气瓶可以节省天然气汽车全生命周期的成本有关。这些节省的成本包括：重量的节省、燃料的节省、成本效益、以及其他性能的提高。亚洲的供应商对于国内和国际市场不断增长的需求越来越感兴趣，这将提升亚洲在气瓶市场的竞争力。亚太地区和欧洲被认为是复合气瓶的主要市场。来自欧洲天然气汽车协会的Peter Boisen先生回答了亚洲天然气汽车通讯的有关问题，他说，亚洲应用的气瓶主要集中在第一代，当然也有潜在的复合气瓶需求（第三和第四代）。全球来看，顶置气瓶式的公交车普遍应用的是第三和／或第四代气瓶（因为第一和第二代的气瓶太重，让公交车顶无法承受）。在欧洲，第一代气瓶主要应用于轿车／轻型车，而像戴姆勒这样的汽车制造商则使用第三和第四代气瓶以减轻整车重量（由于气瓶使车重增加很多）。液化天然气气瓶主要应用于重型卡车和公交车上。

中国中国本土汽车厂商长安汽车（Chana）于三月中旬推出了“悦翔”两用燃料轿车（CNG／汽油）。该车售价60,000元，比竞争者的车型低20,000元，如东风C－爱丽舍和比亚迪F3两用燃料汽车。长安Xiziang也开始在部分地区推出排量为1.6升的舒适版CNG车型，售价在80,180元。了解更多情况，请参见本期为中国两用燃料汽车设的专栏。富地石油公司(Fortune Oil)，作为一家在中国经营油气供应和基础设施项目的公司，宣布了其在山西获得了煤层气气田的承包权。该项目是富地石油公司整合其现有燃气价值链成为独立的综合性燃气公司的战略举措。它的业务领域也涵盖燃气销售。它在北京拥有当地最大的CNG加气站之一（母站），CNG零售站，两个LNG生产厂，以及一个CNG卡车车队。中集安瑞科是一家CNG气瓶、CNG和LNG拖车以及ＣＮＧ加气站系统供应商，它在2009年后半年实现了天然气设备销售额的反弹。与2008年同期相比，其液化NCG加气站系统销售额增长了12.4％，而ＣＮＧ拖车和第一代气瓶的销售额见下降了0.1％。其LNG拖车和气瓶以及LNG工程的收入分别下降30.5％和20.85%．

印度据麦肯锡咨询公司预测，印度天然气需求预计到2015年将翻番。目前，印度天然气的消费量是166 mmscmd（其中，132mmscmd来源于当地，其他则是进口的LNG）。在未来５年，其需求量将增加到230－320mmscmd。为应对挑战，印度天然气工业需要投资400－500亿美元。到2015年，天然气工业的收入将从目前的250亿美元增加到500亿美元。总利润将达300亿美元，几乎是目前的两倍。尽管关于应该购买空调客车还是非空调客车的争论方兴未艾，PMPML公司最后决定新购500辆非空调CNG客车。此前，有关当局抗议说，不应从JNNURM抽取资金用于购买空调客车。2009年2月，政府提供资金用于购买公交车，这些资金是从JNNURM计划中划拨，城市发展部原计划用这些资金购买公交车来减少拥堵。为此，康明斯（印度）接到了一笔460台发动机的订单。此间，印度燃气管理局(GAIL)——印度最大的天然气运输公司——与中国燃气公司组成了一个合资公司，致力于满足中国燃气下游领域快速增长的需求。该合资公司（GAIL China Gas Global Energy HoldingsLtd）将探索ＣＮＧ、煤层气、LNG以及输气管和E&P项目的业务机会。

巴基斯坦阿根廷大使Rodolfo J. Martin-Saravia、天然气加气站用压缩机和售气机供应商Galileo公司地区总裁JuanOjanguren会见了巴基斯坦环境部部长Hameed Ullah Jan Afridi，讨论为公交车提供ＣＮＧ加气站事宜。Martin-Saravia提到，每座加气站所需投资700,000美元，且需配备高端的技术。Afridi强调两国就相关事宜正在协商。巴基斯坦政府致力于为本国交通领域提供清洁能源系统，并提供必要的资金支持，而阿根廷将为该项目提供最先进的技术。有关当局正在采取行动制定天然气汽车的相关法规。在居民居住区建设加气站的政策正在被审议。为了杜绝贪污现象，政府将公路沿线的加气站建设项目分包给了不同的承包商。激动车尾气排放控制项目也正在实施对商用车和私家车尾气及噪声的检验（包括所有燃料的车）。经检验发现，只有很少量车的尾气排放水平还有下降的空间，因此，消费者有必要在经认证的且有合格技工的改装厂进行车辆改装，并使用合格的部件，以保障发动机的性能。巴基斯坦ＣＮＧ协会——全国3100个CNG加气站经营者的代表——基本不会同意因燃气短缺而关闭加气站的政府法令。争论的焦点在于天然气汽车所用的天然气量仅占全国天然气消费总量的7％。因此，即使关闭了加气站也无法弥补燃气供应缺口（最近又下降了25％）。

泰国三菱公司（泰国）于去年三月和四月在曼谷分别推出了2.4GLTriton的CNG／汽油两用燃料版皮卡和2.4GLX大驾驶室皮卡。这是三菱公司首次推出两用燃料皮卡，它有３年或100,000公里的质保期。该车每辆611,000泰铢（仅比同型号的汽油车高65,000泰铢）。

May 20108

NGV2010 Roma 을 개최합니다. NGV

Communications Group이 주관하고

이탈리아 NGV 협회에서 주최하는 본

행사는, 이탈리아의 수도인 로마에서

열립니다.

엑스포 입장은 무료이며, 컨퍼런스 사전

등록은 www.ngv2010roma.com 에서

가능합니다.

세계적인 관리 컨설팅 및 시장연구회사인

루신텔에 따르면, CNG 용기 시장은 지난

10년 동안 두 자리 수의 증가를 보였다.

세계적인 NGV 복합재 용기 시장은

2015년까지 3억 6880만 달러에 도달할

것으로 예상된다. CNG 복합 용기용 자재

소비량의 증가는 용기의 수명과 관련 있는

경제적 이익으로 복합재 CNG 용기의

허용이 증가하면서 NGV와 함께 증가하고

있다. 무게 감량, 연비, 비용 효용성과 기타

성능 등을 포함한 주요 요소에서 이익을

얻을 수 있다.

국내외 시장에서 증가하는 요구를

충족시키기 위한 아시아 지역 공급자들의

관심은 경쟁을 높일 것으로 기대된다.

아시아태평양 지역은 물론, 유럽도 이

용기의 주요 소비자가 될 것으로 보여진다.

아시안 NGV 커뮤니케이션스의 요청으로,

NGVA 유럽협회의 Peter Boisen은 CNG

용기 시장과 관련하여, 아시아는

혼합재용기(타입3, 4) 사용의 잠재성을

가진 채, 현재 주로 타입 1용기를 사용하고

있다고 알렸다. 전세계적으로 용기를 지붕

상단에 장착한 버스는 일반적으로 타입

3/4용기를 사용한다(타입 1과 2는 버스의

지붕 구조가 견디기에는 중량이 무겁다).

유럽에서는 특히 승용차/LDVs용으로 타입

1용기가 인기가 있으며, 다임러(Daimler)와

같은 몇몇 OEM NGV는 총 차량 중량을

낮추기 위하여 타입 3 또는 4 용기를

사용한다(용기를 장착하면 차량에 용기

중량이 추가되기 때문에). LNG 탱크는 주로

대형 트럭과 버스에 사용된다.

중국중국의 자동차제조회사인 “Changan

Auto(Chana)”는 3월 중순경 CNG/가솔린

겸용인 Yuexiang를 공개했다. 차량의

가격은 대당 60,000위안(RMB)이며,

경쟁자인 Dongfeng C-Elysée CNG와

BYD Auto (Bǐyàdí Qìchē) F3 bifuel 모델에

비해 약 20,000위안(RMB)가량 저렴하다.

Chana Xiziang은 또한, 일부 지역에는 1.6

L manual comfort CNG model을

소개하기도 했으며, 대당

80,180위안(RMB)에 판매하고 있다. 중국의

겸용(Bifuel)차량에 관한 세부 정보는 본

잡지의 특별 페이지에 있다.

중국 내에서 석유와 가스의 공급 인프라

프로젝트를 수행하는 Fortune Oil Plc

(Fortune Oil)은 산서성에서

석탄층메탄자원(CBM) Block에 대한

계약자 권한을 가진다고 발표했다. 이

프로젝트는 독립적이고 통합적인

가스회사로 성장하기 위한 기업 전략의

일부이다. 가스 사업은 또한, 천연가스

판매도 처리하고 있다. 베이징 부근에

규모가 가장 큰 CNG 충전소(Mother sta-

tion) 중 하나를 보유하고 있으며, 몇 개의

CNG 소매 충전소와 LNG 생산 플랜트를 두

개 보유하며, CNG 트럭 다수를 보유하고

있다.

CNG 용기, CNG와 LNG 트레일러, CNG

충전소 시스템 공급자인 CMIC Enric은

2009년도 후반기 동안에 천연가스 설비

판매량에서 회복세를 보였다. 수력NCG

충전시스템의 교체는 12.%까지 상승했고,

CNG 트레일러와 타입 1 용기 부분은

2008년의 수치와 비교했을 때, 0.1%만이

하락했다. 한편, LNG 트레일러와 용기,

그리고 LNG 엔지니어링 프로젝트

부분에서의 소득은 각각 30.5%와

20.8%까지 떨어졌다.

인도세계적인 컨설팅사인 멕킨지에 따르면,

인도의 천연가스 수요는 2015년에 두 배가

될 것으로 예상된다. 현재, 인도는 160

mmscmd의 가스를 사용한다(자체 공급은

132 mmscmd이며 그 외 나머지는 수입된

LNG로부터 공급됨)향후 5년 간, 수요는

230-320 mmscmd로 증가할 것으로

보인다.

예상되는 수요에 대처하기 위하여 인도의

천연가스 산업은 가치사슬에 약400-500억

달러의 투자가 필요하다. 이와 함께, 이

산업의 수익은 현재 250억 달러에서

2015년에 500억 달러로 두 배가 될 것이다.

총 수익은 약 300억 달러 가량으로 현재

수준의 두 배 가까이 될 것으로 예상된다.

냉방(에어컨)장치된 버스와 미장치 버스를

구입하는 계획과 관련한 논쟁 후, Pune

Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd

(PMPML)은 냉방(에어컨) 미장착 CNG

버스를 500대 추가하기로 최종 결정했다.

당초, 관계 당국은 냉방장치 미장착 버스는

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban

Renewal Mission (JNNURM) 펀드에서

구매해야 한다고 이의를 제기했었다.

2009년 2월, 인도 정부는 도시개발부가

교통 혼잡을 줄이기 위한 목적으로 이러한

버스를 공급을 위해 자금을 할당하는

JNNURM란 프로그램을 통해 공공 버스

구매를 위해 필요한 자금을 제공했다. 이에,

Cummins India LTD (CIL)은 버스용

천연가스 엔진 460개의 주문을 받았다.

한편, 중국가스와 합작회사(JV)를 설립한

인도의 가장 큰 NG수송회사인 Gas

Authority of India Ltd (GAIL)은

중국가스부문에서 급성장하고 있는 수요를

충족시키기 위해 협력할 것이다.

합작회사인 GAIL China Gas Global

Energy Holdings Ltd는 CNG, CBM, LNG

도시가스, 파이프라인, E&P 프로젝트

분야에서 기회를 창출할 것이다.

파키스탄주파키스탄 아르헨티나 대사인 “Rodolfo J.

Martin-Saravia”와 CNG 충전소 컴프레서,

디스펜서등을 공급하는 Galileo의

지역총괄이사인 “Juan Ojanguren”은

버스용 CNG 충전설비에 관하여 논의하기

위해 파키스탄 연방 환경부장관인

“Hameed Ullah Jan Afridi “를 만났다.

“Martin-Saravia”는 선진기술의 장비와

충전소를 구축하기 위해서는 약

700,000달러가 필요하다고 언급했다.

“Afridi”는 국가 간의 협의 과정이 진행

중이라고 강조했다. 파키스탄 정부는

클린에너지수송시스템을 채택하고,

아르헨티나가 이 프로젝트를 위해 최신의

기술 기반 전문지식을 제공하는 한편,

정부는 이 프로그램을 위해 자금지원을

하고 있다.

파키스탄 당국은 NGV 관련 법규 및 관례를

규정하기 위한 여러 가지 활동을 하고 있다.

주거지역 내 CNG 충전소의 건설과 관련한

정책이 검토 중에 있다. 부정 행위를 피하기

위하여 도로와 국도를 따라 CNG충전소

설치의 계약을 할당하고 있다. 수도개발청

소유지에 불법적으로 설치된 CNG

충전소는 폐지한다. 영업용차량과

개인승용차량(모든 연료:디젤, CNG,

가솔린 등)이 배출하는 대기 오염 물질과

소음수준을 점검하는 차량배출가스규제

프로그램에 의해 차량을 검사한다. 다소

몇몇CNG 차량에서 배출 수준이 더

저감되어야 함이 발견되었다. 따라서,

면허와 숙련된 기술자를 보유한 공인된

개조샵에서 차량을 개조하고, 최대의

엔진성능을 확보할 수 있는 인증 받은

설비를 사용하는 것이 중요하다.

한편, 국가 전체의 3100개의 CNG

충전소를 대표하는 All Pakistan CNG

협회는 가스 부족으로 인하여 연료 공급을

중단한다는 정부의 결정에 동의하지

않았다. 논쟁의 쟁점은 NGV 부문이 국가의

전체 가스 소비량의 7%만 사용한다는

사실이다. 따라서, 이렇게 몇 군데의 충전소

운영을 중단하는 것이 가스 부족을

줄이는데 도움을 주지는 못할 것이다(최근

25%까지 하락)

태국미츠비시태국현지법인은 방콕에서 지난 3,

4월 동안 Triton CNG bifuel gasoline-CNG

single cab 2.4 GL와 mega cab 2.4

GLX를 소개했다. 이는 3년 또는

100,000km의 보증기간을 가진 미츠비시의

최초의 bifuel 픽업이다. 차량가격은 대당

약 THB 611,000이다(가솔린 버전보다

THB 65,000 정도 비싼 가격임)

아시아의 NGV, 충전소, 설비 사업과 함께하는 세계의 용기 시장세계천연가스차량협회(IANGV)는 오는 6월 8일-10일, 제 12회 컨퍼런스 및 전시회인

May 201010

世界のＮＧＶ用ボンベ市場、スタンド、アジアにおける機器ビジネス２０１０年６月８日から１０日に国際天然

ガス自動車協会（ＩＡＮＧＶ）主催の第１

２回国際ＮＧＶ会議・展示会ＮＧＶ２０１

０がローマで開催される。NGV

Communications Group が事務局、イタリア

ＮＧＶ協会が共催でイタリアの首都ローマ

で開催される。

展示会への入場は無料であるが、会議は有

料で事前登録をwww.ngv2010roma.comで行な

うことができる。

世界市場調査のコンサルティング会社であ

るLucintel社によると、過去１０年間でＣＮ

Ｇボンベ市場は２桁の伸びを示している。

ＮＧＶ用複合容器の世界市場は２０１５年

までに３億６,８８０万米ドルまで達すると

見られている。ＣＮＧボンベとして使用さ

れる複合材料の伸びは、ボンベ寿命での価

格メリットに関して複合容器がＮＧＶに受

け入れられたことと共にＮＧＶも増加した

ことによるものである。ボンベの軽量化、

燃費の経済性、コスト効果などを含むさま

ざまな面でのメリットがある。

国内や海外市場で増加する需要に対応する

ためにアジアのボンベメーカーの興味は、

この分野における自由競争が促進されるこ

とを期待している。アジア太平洋地域と欧

州がこの容器の主な顧客であると考えられ

ている。

Asian NGV Communications

社の要請により、欧州ＮＧＶ協会（NGVA

Europe）のピーター・ボイズン氏は次のよ

うに語った。ＣＮＧボンベ市場を見ると、

アジアは複合容器（タイプ３またはタイプ

４）の可能性を持ちつつ主にタイプ１を使

用している。世界中で天井にボンベを設置

するバスでは、一般にタイプ３またはタイ

プ４が使用されている。（タイプ１やタイ

プ２は重量があるので、バスの天井構造が

その重さに耐えられない。）欧州では、タ

イプ１ボンベは特に乗用車やＬＤＶで一般

に用いられている。その一方でダイムラー

社のようにいくつかのＯＥＭ車では車両重

量を減らすためにタイプ３またはタイプ４

が使用されている。（ボンベは車両重量に

影響を与える。）ＬＮＧタンクは主に重量

車やバスで用いられている。

中国中国の自動車メーカー長安汽車が３月中旬

にＣＮＧ／ガソリンバイフューエル車であ

るYuexiangを発表した。車両価格は６万元

で、ライバル車である東風汽車のC-Elysée

ＣＮＧ車やＢＹＤオートのＦ３バイフュー

エル車より２万元程度安くなっている。長

安汽車はさらにエリア限定で１.６リットル

ＣＮＧ車を発売し、８０,１８０元で販売し

ている。中国のバイフューエル車に関する

情報は本誌に特集記事があるのでご参照い

ただきたい。

中国での石油やガス供給インフラ整備プロ

ジェクトを行なっているFortune Oil

社は、山西省で炭層メタン（ＣＢＭ）の契

約権利を得たと発表した。このプロジェク

トはガスバリューチェーンにおいて自立し

たガス会社へ成長するための戦略の一部と

して行なわれた。同社のガス事業には天然

ガス供給も含まれている。また、北京周辺

に大規模ＣＮＧスタンドの一つを所有し（

マザーステーション）、いくつかのＣＮＧ

小売スタンド、２つのＬＮＧ製造プラント

そしてＣＮＧトラックを有している。

ＣＮＧボンベ、ＣＮＧおよびＬＮＧトレー

ラー、ＣＮＧスタンドシステムのメーカー

であるCMIC Enric社は、２００９

年下期に天然ガス機器販売売上げで反動が

あった。２００８年と比較して、水圧式Ｎ

ＣＧ充填スタンドの売上げが１２.４％伸び

、一方、ＣＮＧトレーラー、タイプ１ボン

ベが０．１％だけ下がった。ＬＮＧトレー

ラーとタンク、ＬＮＧエンジニアリングの

売上げはそれぞれ３０.５％、２０.８％下が

った。

インド世界的なコンサルタント会社であるMc

Kinsey社によると、国内の天然ガス需要は２

０１５年までに２倍になると予測されてい

る。現在、インドは１６６mmscmdの天然ガ

スを使っている。（１３２mmscmdは国内で

生産され、残りは輸入されたＬＮＧで賄っ

ている。）次の５年間、天然ガス需要は２

３０－３２０mmscmdまで増加しそうである。

計画されている需要に見合うためにインド

の天然ガス産業は天然ガスバリューチェー

ンに４００－５００億米ドル程度を投資す

る必要があるだろう。これらにより、天然

ガス業界の収入は現在の２５０億米ドルか

ら２０１５年に５００億米ドルになるだろ

う。総利益は現在のレベルの倍である３０

０億米ドルにものぼる。

ＣＮＧバスを空調付か空調なしかどちらを

購入するかという議論の結果、Pune

Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd

(PMPML)は、最終的に現在の車両に加え、

空調なしの５００台のＣＮＧバスを購入す

ることを決定した。それ以前に関係団体は

空調なしのバスをJawaharlal Nehru National

Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)

基金で購入すべきであると抗議していた。

２００９年２月に政府は都市開発省が交通

渋滞を削減するためにこれらのバスに予算

を計上するJNNURMプログラムで公営交通

のバスを購入する基金を用意していた。そ

れに応じて、Cummins India（CIL）

社は、これらのバス用の４６０台分の天然

ガスエンジンを受注した。

一方、インド最大の天然ガス輸送会社であ

り、China Gasとの合弁会社でもあるGas

Authority of India Ltd (GAIL)

は、中国の早いガス需要に対応するために

協同するだろう。JV社, GAIL China Gas

Global Energy Holdings社は、ＣＮＧ，

ＣＢＭ，ＬＮＧ、都市ガス、パイプラインそ

してE&Pプロジェクトで機会を得るだろう。

パキスタンアルゼンチン大使ロドルフ・Ｊ・マーチン

・サラビア氏とＣＮＧ圧縮機、ディスペン

サーメーカーGalileo社の地域ディレクター

フアン・オヤグレン氏がハメード・ウラ・

ヤン・アフリーディパキスタン環境大臣と

バス用ＣＮＧスタンドについて話すために

会合を持った。マーチン・サラビア大使は

７０万米ドルの投資がそれぞれのバス車庫

に最新機器のＣＮＧスタンドを設置するた

めに必要であると述べた。アフリーディ大

臣は両国の協議が進行中であると協調した

。パキスタン政府は公共交通機関へのクリ

ーンエネルギーシステムの導入を明言し、

政府はこのプログラムに財政支援を行い、

アルゼンチンは専門技術による最新の技術

を提供することを表明した。

政府機関は関連する法や慣行でＮＧＶを規

制する様々な活動を実施している。住居地

域でＣＮＧスタンドを建設することに関す

る政策は見直されている。不正を避けるた

めに高速道路や国道沿いのＣＮＧスタンド

建設を適切に配分した。Capital Development

Authorityの所有地に不正に設置されたＣＮ

Ｇスタンドは撤去された。車はVehicular

Emission Control Programme (VECOP)

により検査される。これはすべての燃料、

軽油、ＣＮＧ，ガソリンの商用車、自家用

車の排ガス、騒音レベルがチェックされる

。ほとんどのＣＮＧ車の排ガスが基準を下

回らないことがわかった。結局、車の所有

者にとって免許がある熟練したスタッフに

よる正規改造工場でＣＮＧ車に改造するこ

と、最大のエンジンパフォーマンスを得る

ために認められた改造キットを使うことが

重要である。

一方、国内３,１００ヶ所のＣＮＧスタンド

を代表する組織であるパキスタンＣＮＧス

タンド協会は、天然ガス供給不足によりＣ

ＮＧスタンドを閉鎖するという政府の方針

に反対であった。議論の中心は、国内のす

べての消費ガスのうちＮＧＶはたった７％

しか使っていないということである。した

がって、いくつかの閉鎖したＣＮＧスタン

ドは、最近さらに２５％まで不足状態であ

るが、ガス供給不足に貢献していない。

タイタイ国三菱自動車は、バンコクで３月と４

月にTriton ＣＮＧ

－ガソリンバイフューエル、シングルキャ

ブ２.４ＧＬ，メガキャブ２.４ＧＬＸを発売

した。これは三菱自動車の購入後３年間ま

たは１０万ｋｍの保証がついた最初のバイ

フューエルピックアップトラックである。

車両価格は６１１,０００バーツである。

（ガソリン車より６５,０００バーツだけ高

い。）

May 2010 11

ww

w.b

rcfu

elm

aker

.it

Compressors for CNG refuelling

May 201012

8 10 2010 12 2010

www.ngv2010roma.com

2015 368.8 :

1 3 4

1 2 1

OEM 3 4 ) (

: ) ( MRB60,000/- Dongfeng C-Elysee

) )F3 RMB20,000/- 1.6 L RMB 80,180

(CBM)

) (

2009

12.4% 1 0.1% 2008

30.5% 20.8% : 2015 166

mmscmd ) 132 mmscmd ( USD 30

(PMPML) 500 (JNNURM)

2009 JNNURM

(CIL) 460 (GAIL) (JV)

JV, GAIL CNG, CBM, LNG E&P

:

USD700,000

(VECOP) ) : (

May 2010 13

May 201014

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May 201018

NGV development in ChinaNGV populationWith the development of NGV industry,the NGV population in China growssteadily. By the end of 2009, the NGVpopulation in the Clean VehiclePromotion Cities of China increased to392,532 units. It consists of 120,350taxis, 52,509 buses and 219,673 unitsof other types of vehicles, accountingfor 30.66%, 13.38% and 55.96%respectively. The number of NG fillingstations reaches 770. The data in the chart “Trend in NGVpopulation in China” only shows theNGV population in Clean VehiclePromotion cities selected by the centralgovernment. It is estimated that morethan 80 cities in China are promotingNGVs, with total amount of 400,000-500,000 units of these vehicles nationwide. And the total number ofnatural gas filling stations is 1,339 asper October 2009.

OEM gas vehicle productionSince China started the Clean Vehicle Actin 1999, many automakers have beendeveloping and producing NGVs in thiscountry. The NGV types are enriched.Until December 2009, 179 types of gasvehicle models (including NGVs andLPGVs) and 617 types of gas vehiclechassis have entered the National NewVehicle Product Gazette. Among thecomplete gas vehicles on the Gazette,there are 100 models of cars, 27 models of buses, 19 models of trucks,and 32 models of towing trucks. The natural gas engines are developedsystematically with the power from60Kw to 250Kw. The total number ofOEM gas vehicle manufacturers (chassis contained) reaches 116. Thegas vehicle types are various, coveringbuses, cars, trucks, tractors, dumpers,and public service vehicles. According to the data from the ChinaAutomotive Technology & ResearchCenter, the accumulated productionvolume of OEM gas vehicles (chassiscontained) is 267,162 units fromJanuary 2006 to December 2009, consist of 37,767 units of natural gasbuses, 150,144 N cars, 2,720 units ofnatural gas towing trucks, 1,176 unitsof natural gas trucks, 1,011 units ofnatural gas transporters, 686 units ofnatural gas dampers, 12 units of naturalgas refuse vehicles, 4 units of sprinklingtrucks, 68,034 units of natural gas buschassis. The number of LPG buses,

LPG cars and LPG bus chassis is 2,021units, 2,570 units and 1,017 unitsrespectively.The following chart shows the abovestated production volume. It is showedthat the NG buses and NG cars takethe majority, accounting for 19% and77% of the whole output.

The industrial chain of keycomponentsCurrently China has self-developed pres-sure reducers, electronic control unitsand gas nozzles of NGVs. Those specialcomponents have entered the market.The annual production capacity of NGcylinders achieves 800,000 units.The CNG cylinders consist in a complete series: NGV1, NGV2, NGV3,NGV4 (type 1-4) and LNG tank.Generally speaking, there are manymanufactures of equipment for NG filling stations but the production scaleis comparatively small. China has developed its own purification facilities,storage facilities, compressors and dispensers for stations. That equipmentrepresents 90% of the domestic marketshares, some of them even 100%. The locally-developed components andfacilities largely reduce the cost of thevehicle production and station operation, and contribute to the large-scale operation of NGVs.

OutlookThe NGV demonstrations encouragethe R&D activities in both vehicle andequipment segments. The types ofNGVs increase and the fields whereNGVs are used will be extended. The industrial chain is improved and the infrastructure construction will beaccelerated. The use of LNG vehicleswill grow, complementing the CNG market. Looking at the plans of theNGV promotion in many cities, the scale of NGV operation is to beenlarged continuously.

By Li Jun, CATARC

Trend in NGV population in China

The accumulated output ofOEM gas vehicles from2006 to 2009

Source: CATARC (excluding data from several areas China)

Source: CATARC

May 2010 19

China’s NGV Light-Duty Vehiclesselection consists of various types,amongst others, motorcycle, dedicated CNG or bifuel autorickshaws, bifuel disabled tricycles, passenger cars, minibuses, light-duty trucks.

The automakers consists of AstroMotor Technical Co., AutoRickshaw, China Chongqing BigScience & Technology (Group),Chinese Motor Industrial Co.,Chongqing Hengtong Bus Co.,Ltd., Chongqing Rightway IndustryCorporation Limited, ChongqingTengzhou Moto Co., Ltd., BiyadiAutomobile Co., Ltd, CheryAutomobile Co., Ltd, ChongqingChanan Suzuki Automobile Co.,Ltd, China CNG Bus, DongfengCitroën, Dongfeng Automobile Co.,Ltd, Dongfeng Peugeot CitroenAutomobile Co., Ltd , DongfengYueda Kia Automobile Co., Ltd,FAW, FAW Volkswagen AutomobileCo., Ltd, Honda, JMC Brand,CQBUS - Kingtonliyang, Lifan,Mudan , Shanghai VolkswagenAutomobile Co., Ltd, ShenyangBrilliance Jinbei Co., Ltd, TianjinFAW Xiali Automobile Co., Ltd,Toyota, Geely, etc.

Dongfeng Citroën NGV assortmentDongfeng Citroën ultra-low fuelconsumption C-Elysée CNG (2008model) have a driving range of upto 1,756.8 km on just one refuellingand one gas bottle, exceeding theinitial objective by some 356.8 km. This has underlined the real advantages of CNG in terms ofenergy savings.

Previously, Dongfeng Citroën alsolaunched the Fukang CNG in 2001and then in 2005 the Elysée CNG,which later became China's best-selling CNG vehicle. The new C-Elysée CNG waslaunched in 2008.

China LDV bifuel market

Global steel prices are set to soar up to a third, driving up the costs of many goods andcomponents in not so far from now. Miners and steel makers agreed on a new change inthe iron ore price system last 30 March 2010.The new pricing scheme is expected to increase the cost of iron ore to Asian steelmakersto about USD 110-120/tonne during the April-June, up between 80-100% from the USD60/tonne level of 2009-2010 previous annual contract.Prices of NGV/CNG and LNG station components, especially those that use a lot of steel,are expected to rise as well. From OEM NGVs, CNG cylinders, especially the type 1 and2, LNG tanks, compressors, dispensers, and even valves, all will be influenced by theincrease in steel prices.This is the time for NGV workshops and vehicle manufacturers, filling station owners, tocomponent dealer to buy related equipments and even raise their component stock.Thus, visiting NGV exhibition and meeting the sellers at present is essential. Check andcompare the prices, get a favourable quotation, and discuss other possibilities in NGVexhibitions. Being present in these events, especially for exhibitors, are also very important.The next international exhibition and conference will be held in Rome City in Italy by theInternational Association for NGVs (IANGV), form 8-10 June 2010. Visitwww.ngv2010roma.com to join this fair.

Steel prices to climb by 80-100%

May 201020

Asia in briefGAIL to expand its businesslocally and abroad

Gas Authority of India Ltd, also knownas GAIL (India) Limited, is India's largestnatural gas transportation company,integrating all aspects of the natural gasvalue chain. GAIL is listed by Forbes asone of the world's 2,000 largest publiccompanies in 2007. GAIL has nine joint venture companiesalso working in the area of City GasDistribution.

GAIL Chairman and Managing DirectorB.C. Tripathi said that projections forthe five-year-12th-Plan period (2012-2017) are favourable, keeping inview planned LNG imports.The firm is also installing CNG stationsalong national highways. In the city gasdistribution sector, 200 cities have beenidentified to get gas pipeline soon.The firm is also exploring businessopportunities overseas, exploringinvestment opportunities in LNG,Exploration and Production (E & P) inPapua New Guinea and in talks regarding gas infrastructure development with Ghana firms, etc. Ithas wholly-owned subsidiary companies in Singapore and formed ajoint venture (JV) with China. GAIL hasequity participation in three retail gascompanies in Egypt and China GasHoldings. To cope with the fast-growingdownstream Chinese gas sector, theChina JV will pursue opportunities inCNG, CBM, LNG city gas, pipeline, andE&P projects.The firm is also looking at opportunitiesacross the gas value chain in Africa,Russia and the Commonwealth ofIndependent States (CIS) countries.

The contrary in IndiaChief Minister Sheila Dikshit told theDelhi government about her intention toreplace all autorickshaws (currently running on CNG) with electric-poweredengines. However, owners of thesepublic vehicles and the association arenot interested in this quest. CNGautorickshaw’s performance and serviceneed to be improved a lot to satisfy thegovernment requirement and intentionto have a “clean” public transport withgood services. On the contrary, the rest of India,including Delhi, continues to work hard

and move forward enlarging the use ofCNG in vehicles with many gas distribution firms providing more fuelling facilitates.Agartala, the capital city of Tripura,plans to make all vehicles in this city runon CNG by 2013, aiming at havingIndia’s 1st green city. Tripura NaturalGas Co Ltd will supply the gas to private and public vehicles. The transport Department was set tointroduce 70 CNG public buses by endof March. Around 60% of autorickshaws and a big number ofcars and buses are currently alreadyusing CNG technology. Agartala isknown as the 4th largest NGV city afterDelhi, Mumbai, and Lucknow.In Pune, the Regional TransportAuthority (RTA) expressed its concernabout the slow conversion rate of dieselautorickshaws to CNG mode. TheRegional Transport Office (RTO) previously issued a mandate for all newrickshaws to have CNG or LPG kitsfrom March onwards. From the 28,000autorickshaws, only 3,500 units havebeen converted to NGVs. The driversclaimed that the lack of sufficient CNGfilling stations and the high cost of conversion kits have hampered themfrom retrofitting their vehicles. However,RTA stated that nowadays, 10 stationsaround Pune are ready to serve thosepublic transportations. And kits are now

available at cheaper price, starting at Rs16,000 per unit.The RTA is likely to re-issue the ultimatum to autorickshaw drivers byApril. With possible measures to beintroduced, they will penalize those whofailed to meet the mandate within 60 or90 days by not giving them renewal ofoperation permits. From April 1st thisyear, gasoline and diesel vehicles mustmeet the Bharat Stage 4 emissionnorms in 13 cities which include Delhi,Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Hyderabad,Bangalore, Lucknow, Kanpur, Agra,Surat, Ahmedabad, Pune, andSholapur. The rest of the country is stillin the Bharat Stage 3 (for all four-wheel-ers). Bharat Stage 4 also has norms onOBD (similar to Euro 3 norm but lessstrict) This requirement and the manda-tory NGVs for public transport areexpected to make Delhi have supply ofthe cleanest auto fuels in the world. The Delhi government recognises theimportance of CNG as transport fuel inthis largest metropolis area in India, asthe entire public transport system inDelhi runs on CNG. The authority is alsoaware that price changes in CNG commodity will likely affect the popularity of this “clean” fuel. Anincrease in fuel cost, especially in popular fuels such as CNG, is very likelyto increase prices of other commoditiesas well.

May 2010 21

Asia in briefRecently, Indraprastha Gas Limited(IGL), major CNG provider in Delhi andsurrounding areas, raised CNG price by50 paise per kg (Rs 0.50/kg). Then in itsannual budget 201-2011, the Delhi government increased the VAT by 5%.Following this news, also due toincrease in operational cost, near endMarch IGL announced that the totalprice of this fuel would go up around Rs1.10/kg from Rs 21.70 to Rs 22.80 perkg, starting April 1st. Then the localgovernment decided to reduce the burden of NGVs owners by withdrawingVAT on the fuel. Meanwhile, as dieselVAT is also increased, this fuel is nowavailable at Rs 37.84 per litre, up by Rs2.43 from the previous price.

Join bus-conversionThe Brihanmumbai Electric Supply &Transport Undertaking (BEST) andHinduja Group flagship, Ashok Leyland,worked together towards the “greening’of BEST’s bus fleet. Under this programme, Ashok Leyland has converted 761 BEST diesel buses intoBharat-Stage 3 compliance-CNG system within 10 months period.On the other hand, nowadays, morethan 6,500 CNG buses from AshokLeyland are operated in India.

BangladeshAlthough some claimed that the vehicleconversion rate declined a lot duringlast year (due to the decrease of oilprice), construction of CNG filling stations and sales of related equipmentstill looks promising, said some fillingequipment suppliers.However, the positive movement in thissector is not without challenge. In onehand is the gas and power shortage—followed by temporary restriction on theopening time of CNG filling station. Onthe other hand is the price gap betweengasoline/diesel and CNG. As per recent development,Bangladeshi finance minister issued aproposal to increase the CNG price.This has been strongly opposed byBangladesh CNG Filling Station andConversion Workers OwnersAssociation. The association’s Secretary GeneralZakir Hossain Noyan said that increasing CNG price would mean anincrease in transport costs followed byprice hike in other commodities. It will

further burden not only the owners ofCNG vehicle and station related businesses, but also people at large.Also, around 15,000 local people areemployed in this CNG sector. A punchin this segment might put the job indanger and thus affect the living standard of thousands of people andtheir families. Private entrepreneurshave invested about Tk 30 billion in thissector because of the government’sencouragement. This segment has contributed to lowering air pollution inthe cities (which use CNG in transport

sector). It has been playing a vital roleto save Tk 100 billion on oil import. Theassociation considers that the positivecontribution of CNG sector is obviousand large. Therefore, it is important forall parties including the government toensure that the business will continueflourishing instead of slowing down.

The trend of increasing CNG priceseems to hit South Asia. All the threemain countries, Bangladesh, India andPakistan are in process of raising theprice of this fuel.

S E R V I C E E X P E R I E N C E I N N O V A T I O N T E C H N O L O G Y

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May 2010 22

GAIL计划扩⼤本地和海外商贸

印度燃⽓管理有限公司（GAIL）是印度最⼤的天然⽓运输公司，其贸易涉及天然⽓价值链的所有领域。GAIL在2007年曾被福布斯列为世界2000家⼤型公⽤公司之⼀。

GAIL拥有9个合资公司，主要致⼒于城市燃⽓的配送。

GAIL的主席兼总经理B.C Tripathi认为第⼗⼆个五年计划期的⼯程前景乐观并将坚持执⾏LNG的进⼝计划。该公司还在全国各⼤⾼速公路沿线建设CNG加⽓站。在城市燃⽓配送⽅⾯，有200个城市将铺设燃⽓管道。

该公司还在探索海外商贸机遇，如在巴布亚新⼏内亚寻求开发LNG，以及天然⽓开采和⽣产的投资机遇。还与加纳的公司就天然⽓基础设施的发展问题展开对话等。GAIL在新加坡拥有⼀个完全附属的⼦公司并在中国建⽴了⼀个合资公司。GAIL在埃及和中国的三个汽油零售公司拥有股份。为了应对中国天然⽓下游⾏业的快速发展，中国的合资公司将在CNG、煤层⽓（CBM）、LNG城市燃⽓、管道和开采和⽣产项⽬中寻找机遇。

GAIL同时还将探寻在⾮洲、俄罗斯和独联体国家的天然⽓价值链中的商业机遇。

印度印度⾸相SheilaDikshit呼吁德⾥政府采⽤电动引擎取代三轮机动车的CNG系统。然⽽，这

些⼤众车辆的拥有者和协会对这项提议并不感兴趣。 CNG三轮机动车的性能和服务还需要提升来达到政府的关于“清洁”车辆体系的优质服务的要求。

与此相反，包括德⾥在内的印度其他地区仍通过和许多天然⽓分销商联合建设更多的加⽓设施来努⼒推动CNG车辆的应⽤。

为了打造印度第⼀绿化城市，特⾥普拉邦⾸府阿加尔塔拉计划到2013年使所有车辆采⽤CNG运⾏。天然汽油公司将为个⼈和公共车辆提

过燃油。截⽌到3⽉，运输部门已经引进70辆CNG公共汽车。⼤约60%的三轮机动车和⼤量轿车及公共汽车现在也正采⽤CNG技术。阿加尔塔拉已经成为继

德⾥、孟买和Lucknow之后印度第四个NGV城市。

在普纳，地区运输管理局认为柴油机动

三轮机动车向CNG车型的转化较为缓慢。地区运输管理办公室早前曾发布命令要求在三⽉前所有新型三轮机动车都要配有CNG或者LPG体系统。在28000辆三轮机动车中，只有3500辆已改装为NGV。司机们呼吁CNG加⽓站的短缺和改装件的⾼价格使他们还不能考虑改装⾃⼰的车辆。然⽽，地区运输管理局声明到现在，在普纳已有10个站点为⼤众运输服务。同时，改装件的现价也较为

便宜，为每套16000卢⽐。

地区运输管理局计划再对三轮机动车司机发出⾄四⽉的最后通牒。很可能的措施是对于没有在60⾄90天内执⾏这⼀条例的司机免除其驾驶许可权。

从4⽉1⽇起，德⾥、孟买、加尔各答、钦奈、海得拉巴、班加罗尔、勒克瑙、坎普尔、阿格拉、素拉特、⽢地、普纳和肖拉普尔⼗三个城市的汽油和燃油车

辆必须符合印度4级排放规定。其他城市仍须符合印度3级排放规定(指所有四轮车辆)。印度4级标准还有关于OBD的规定（与欧洲3级规定相似但较为宽松）。

这些公共运输系统的NGV规定是为了使德⾥拥有世界上最清洁的汽车燃料。

由于全部公共运输都使⽤CNG，德⾥认

识到CNG作为印度最⼤的都市运输燃料的重要性。当局也认识到CNG商品价格的变化将影响这种“清洁”燃料的普及率。⼀种燃料价格的升⾼，特别是像CNG等常⽤燃料，将很可能带动其他商品价格的增长。

最近，德⾥及周边地区的CNG主要供应

商IGL将每公⽄ CNG 价格提升了50派萨（即每公⽄0.5卢⽐）。随后在其2010-2011 年度预算中，德⾥政府将增值税提升了5%。随后，同时由于运营成本的增长，3⽉下旬IGL宣布从4⽉1⽇起该燃料总价格将提升1.10卢⽐/公⽄，即从21.70卢⽐/公⽄提升⾄22.80卢⽐/公⽄。随后，当地政府决

定通过免除通过天然⽓的增值税来减少NGV司机们的压⼒。

同时，由于柴油增值税也有所增长，该燃料价格每升较之前增长了2.43卢⽐，为37.84卢⽐/升。

参与公交车改装BEST和Hinduja组织的旗舰品牌AshokLeyland（AL）合作，进⾏BEST公交车队“绿化”项⽬。在这⼀项⽬中，AL已经在⼗个⽉内使761辆BEST柴油公交车使⽤满⾜印度第3阶段排放标准的CNG系统。另⼀⽅⾯，现今超过6500辆来⾃AL的CNG公交车正在印度使⽤。

孟加拉尽管有⼈指出去年车辆改装速度下降了很多（由于⽯油价格的下跌），⼀些加⽓设备供应商认为CNG加⽓站的建设和相关设备的出售仍旧乐观。然⽽，这个⾏业的乐观趋势并不是没有⾯临挑战的。挑战⼀⽅⾯来⾃CNG加⽓站营业时间的限制所引起的天然⽓和能源的短缺；另⼀⽅⾯来⾃是天然⽓和汽柴油价格的差距。

该协会秘书长Zakir HossainNoyan认为，CNG价格的上涨意味着运输成本将伴随着其他商品价格的上涨⽽上涨。它将不仅妨碍CNG车辆和车站的相关商业领域的经营商⽽且还有⼤量的⺠众，同时还有在CNG⾏业⼯作的15000左右的当地⼈。对这部分⼈的刺激会威胁⼈们的⼯作并影响成千上万⼈和他们的家庭的⽣活质量。私⼈经营商在政府的⿎励下在这⼀⾏业投资⼤约Tk300亿。这部分投资为降低城市污染的速度（在运输⾏业使⽤CNG）作出了贡献。它为在⽯油进⼝中节约Tk1000亿起了重要作⽤。该公司认为CNG⾏业的积极贡献是显然的，巨⼤的。因此，最重要的就是各个部门包括政府在内要保证这项产

业久盛不衰。

CNG价格的上涨趋势影响到了南亚。三⼤主要国家孟加拉国、印度和巴基斯坦都在提升这种燃料的价格。

在登载⼴告, 请联系[email protected]

亚洲概述

May 201023

China Natural Gas, Inc. (stock symbolCHNG), a supplier of natural gas inXi'an, China, has received approvalsfrom municipalities in Wuhan, Yichang,Xiangfan and Huangshi Cities in HubeiProvince to build LNG reserve stations,harbour LNG filling stations, and inlandLNG filling stations in the region. This isan important milestone in CHNG effortsto expand into the NG market in Hubei.At present, harbour NG filling stationsare an unexploited market in China.

The company got the permission tobuild the followings:® Thirty inland LNG filling stations and4 harbour LNG filling stations in Wuhan;One LNG reserve station, two harbourand seven inland LNG filling stations inYichang;®One LNG reserve station, one harbour and four inland LNG filling stations in Xiangfan;®One LNG reserve station, two harbour and six inland LNG filling stations in Huangshi.

Hubei Government officials recognisedthat the utilisation of NG satisfies thelong-term need of energy conservationand environmental protection. And thatLNG provision and usage will bring apositive impact to the cities. The economic and environmentaladvantages of LNG in transportationapplications including buses, freightvehicles and ships are also recognised.

Mr.Qinan Ji, Chairman and CEO ofCHNG stated the his company plans tobuild NG filling stations along theYangtze River to provide service forvessels and extend our business to rivertransportation, which currently represents a completely untapped market. The River runs approximately2,300 km from Chongqing to Shanghaiand crosses seven provinces includingSichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui,Jiangsu and Shanghai. As the 'GoldenWaterway,' Yangtze River has about130,000 to 150,000 in ship traffic perday.

CHNG provides NG for transport,commercial, industrial and residentialcustomers through its distribution networks in China's Shaanxi and HenanProvinces. With 120km high pressuregas pipeline under their management,the firm operates 24 CNG filling stationsin Shaanxi Province and 12 CNG fillingstations in Henan Province. It also hasworkshops to convert vehicles to CNGtechnology.

LNG harbour filling stations, anuntapped market in China

May 201024

Indraprastha Gas Ltd (IGL), a pioneer in city gas distribution,the sole supplier in Delhi, plans to actively expand into Delhiand other National Capital Region (NCR) cities and aims togain Rs 45 billion (USD1-billion) revenues by 2014-2015 fromthe Rs 12.5 billion estimated for 2009-10.

For the next three year, Rs 16 billion will be invested in theexpansion plan. The number of CNG vehicles in Delhi hasgrown at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR – or year-over-year growth rate) of over 25% in the past five yearsand is expected to continue growing rapidly considering thegovernmental support.

The expansion will be in both CNG and piped natural gas(PNG) segments. IGL already has 180,000 PNG connectionsand this number will be increased to at least 500,000 in thenext five years. For the CNG part, the Commonwealth Games (October2010) is seen as a major growth driver. A significant increasein the DTC (city bus) fleet and a mandate from the Delhi government for all light commercial vehicles to switch to CNGare expected. CNG use in the private car segment continuesto grow, where the number of NGVs isrising by 40% annually, according to IGL. In Delhi and NCR,IGL is presently serving around 350,000 NGVs (including 200,000 private vehicles). The operating cost of NGVs is 66% cheaper than gasolineand 36% lower than diesel vehicles. To convert the vehicle,

car owners need to make one-time investment of Rs 30,000that can be recovered in two years.

To reduce queues in CNG stations, at least 59 new stationsare about to be built (of which 22 units are already underconstruction), taking the number to 240. A reasonably goodgrowth considering that IGL built only 181 stations in their first11 years. The firm claimed that land availability is an issue.

Around 95% of IGL’s sales come from CNG used for poweringbuses, three-wheelers and taxis, 5% from commercial customers and 3% from households. The firm has agas-marketing exclusivity in NCT of Delhi for three years.

Rs 16 billion investment in Delhi CNG filling station, with 40% annual growth in the vehicle segment

Kiattana Transport Plc (KIAT) is aiming to have an annual profit growth of 10% to 15% and will focus ontransporting fuel, petrochemicals and gas.Normally, its revenue grew by 8% per year. Howeverlast year the revenue increased to 22.33% (THB586.53 million) after the firm signed a contract with PTTPlc to transport CNG. Its net profit increased by 240%,i.e. THB 137.44 million. The improved performancewas attributed to lower fuel costs, cutting low-marginproducts, new clients from the NGV sector and transporting chemicals to neighbouring countries.

Kiattana has already obtained THB 100 million in revenue from the THB 250 million contract.The firm plans to bid for three short-term CNG projectsthat are worth about THB 1 billion, this year. A study isconducted aiming at the possibility of switching from oilto gas to control transport costs and maintain a grossprofit margin of 40% to 50%.Presently, Kiattana has 300 trucks.

Thai transport company gains 240% netprofit after signing a contract to transport CNG

May 2010 25

Australian-based Arrow Energy, an emerging global leader incoal seam gas/coalbed methane (CBM) development, hasaccepted a higher takeover offer that is worth AUD3.4 billionfrom a joint venture of PetroChina and Shell. The deal isexpected to be concluded by coming August. As per theiragreement, Arow will demerge its overseas assets into a newchannel, Dart Energy. Dart will house Arrow’s existing assetsin China, Vietnam, India and Indonesia, plus prospects inEurope and southern Africa.

With this acquisition, both PetroChina and Shell will have thecontrol of Arrow’s extensive CBM holdings in Queensland anda venture with fellow Australian player LNG Ltd to use thereserves for feedstock for an LNG plant at Fisherman’sLanding, near Gladstone on the Queensland coast. Arrow will also co-operate with PetroChina over future CBMopportunities in China.

There is a possibility that Shell will combine Arrow’sFisherman's Landing CBM-to-LNG project (with an initial production capacity of 1.5 tonnes per annum <tpa>) with amuch larger Curtis Island LNG project of Shell, both locatedat Gladstone. Shell Australia plans to ship CBM-fuelled LNGfrom Queensland in 2014 or 2015. Shell is establishing a foundation stage project with initialcapacity of 7 million to 8 million tpa of LNG, with a possibility

to construct a plant capable of producing up to 16 million tpa.CBM has attracted global energy companies to Australia intheir endeavour to meet local demand in huge gas consumers in Asia, like China.

Shell's LNG project will be competing against three otherLNG projects in Queensland involving BG Group,ConocoPhillips, and Malaysia's Petronas.

Australian and Chinese companiesexpand their CBM-LNG market share

May 201026

An interview with Odider, the Turkish NGV Association (NGVA Turk)

In our meeting with Odider (NGVA Turk), Asian NGVCommunications spoke with Mr Rasim Acar and Mr OsmanKahyao lu, the President and General Secretary of thisTurkish NGV Association. During the interview, they revealedthat the NGV programme was started in 1991 when onepublic CNG public-filling facility was opened for bus fleets.Two years later, in 1993, the second station was opened inAnkara City, also for buses. The third facility was introducedin Istanbul, a private station, initially to serve 4 cars. MostNGVs in this country belong to the municipality fleets andpublic bus transport.

The vehicle marketAt present, there are about 1,850 buses and almost 1,500cars powered by CNG in this country. Most buses are OEMmade while cars are all converted.

City CNG busesAnkara 1,250Kayseri 191Kocaeli 48Total 1,489

The buses powered by CNG are painted with green and bluecolours.Bifuel gasoline/CNG cars can be found in Ankara andIstanbul.

CNG station segmentTurkey has 14 CNG filling stations spread out in 5 cities. Allstations are connected to gas pipelines.

City Public station Private stationAnkara 5 1Bursa - 1Istanbul 1 2Kayseri - 2Kocaeli 2 -Total 8 6

Apart from that, there are 7 L-CNG stations used for transporting gas to remote areas.

The one in Bursa City belongs to Tofas, the local producer ofFiat Doblo and Fiorino cargo van bifuel. This station is usedexclusively to refuel the vans that the company will test afterassembly.

The equipment providers and OEM NGVsMost of the vehicle and fuelling components are from overseas companies which mainly have representatives inTurkey. IMW, MTM-BRC are few examples of these foreignproducers. However, there are three local producers playingin the CNG market in this country: ALDESA, Fema, andVoltran manufacture CNG kits for domestic cars, with exception of ALDESA which also export its products to Asiaand Europe.

Also, as per agreement with Italian based Breda firm, Karsancompany assembles CNG buses in Turkey for export purposes.

Fiat Group’s local partner, Tofas, also makes Doblo and thenew Fiorino bifuel to be sent to Italy.

Regulations and the futureTurkey uses all European (EU) regulations and standards. Nolocal standards were introduced. Although the governmenthas not yet imposed any mandate, special incentives nor settarget for the adoption of NGVs and its stations, eventually,transition to NGV technology is expected.

During the visit to this fair, was distributed amongthe exhibitors and visitors of CNG/LPG Turkey expo 2010.

Turkish market update

Mr Osman Kahyaoğlu (l) and Mr Rasim Acar (r) from Odider

May 2010 27

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May 201028

From other regions

Mexico NGV market isexpected to grow, with moreCNG stations and minibusesCNG filling station operator Gazel fromSouth America has announced that itwill invest USD 50 million over the nextfive years in the construction and operation of 40 CNG filling stations inMexico. Mexico has more than 27 million gasoline vehicles presently. With 30%fuel savings gain from the price differential between CNG and gasoline—especially considering thatgasoline price currently increases onalmost a daily basis- Gazel sees thatthere is a positive potential for NGVmarket to grow.

The firm’s eyes are on both cargo andpassengers cars to use CNG. The fewthousands NGVs population in Mexicois expected to grow now that GrupoDina company plans to expand the production of a CNG bus model in thecountry. Dina aims to replace 20,000units of more than 20 years oldminibuses in the Mexico City, the capitalof this country. Already 30 Dina CNGminibuses are put on trial inGuadalajara. This firm also has buseson trial in Peru, with orders of up to 600units expected.Gazel has been present in Mexico since2008 and has four filling stations and aconversion workshop for NGVs.

Argentina-Bolivia’s new gas-export contract The Presidents of Argentina and Boliviaaimed to update their 2006 naturalgas contract according to a spokesmanfor Bolivia’s state oil and gas company,Yacimientos Petroliferos FiscalesBolivianos (YPFB).Both nations will amend the contract togradually increase the gas export toArgentina to 27.7 million cubic metresper day, starting 2017. Bolivia expectsto be able to increase exports toArgentina to 16 million cubic metres aday by 2013. Both countries have been laying down a60-kilometer gas pipeline linkingMargarita in Bolivia to the Refinor refinery in Campo Duran of Argentina.Locally, Argentina produces 141 millioncubic metres of gas on daily basis, alsoimports LNG from Trinidad & Tobago tomeet domestic demand.

Argentina is South America’s most gas-dependent nation that requires NGto produce electricity and heating forindustry and homes as well as to power1.8 million NGVs running in the country.With more assurance in gas supply,hopefully the growth in the NGV segment will take place. Western Cape to move towards NGVGigajoule Africa, an energy company, isconducting a feasibility study to reapplyfor a licence to distribute LNG in the

Western Cape, south west ofSouth Africa.The firm plans to supply the WesternCape markets with a combination ofCNG and PNG. For the CNG segment,mobile units will initially supply gas toremote areas. When demand increases

to a sufficient level, a gas pipeline willbe installed. Upon the reception of allthe licences and “green” sign, it will takethe company 30 months to commissionthe LNG importation facilities and gasinfrastructure.

In South Africa, Algeria, Egypt,Mozambique (Bululuane CNG motherstation), Nigeria, Tanzania, and Tunisiahave started to move into CNG business. In 2007, Indian petroleumminister Murli Deora held bilateral talkswith Ghana, focusing on possibilities ofdeveloping CNG facilities in Ghana byGAIL India. Apart from Egypt that has more than122,000 NGVs and almost 120 CNGstations, only few NGVs and its fuellingfacilities are present on this market.

Argentine President Evo Morales with Bolivian President Cristina Fernández during a meeting on new gas-export contract

12a Conferenza ed Esposizione Mondiale dell’AssociazioneInternazionale dei Veicoli a Gas Naturale - IANGV12th World IANGV Conference and Exhibition

Dall’8 al 10 giugno 2010June 8-10, 2010Nuova Fiera di Roma New Rome FairPadiglioni 10, 11 e area esternaPavilions 10, 11 and outdoor area Roma, Italia Rome, Italy

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Creating a Revolutionin Transport

Verso la Rivoluzionenel Trasporto

OEM NGVsMay 201030

ThailandThe Chevrolet Optra Estate CNG andChevrolet AVEO 1600cc have won anaward each at the recent ‘Car of theYear’ awards organized by GrandPrixInternational in Bangkok.The economical and multipurposeChevrolet Optra Estate CNG won in theBest Station Wagon CNG category forthe second consecutive year.The judges’ decisions were based onevery aspect of the vehicles includingdesign, comfort, safety, fuel-efficiency,handling, performance, environmentalfriendly, satisfaction, and value.Last March, Mitsubishi Motors Thailandintroduced Triton CNG Single Cab 2.4GL and Mega Cab 2.4 GLX focused onfuel efficiency from Bifuel system compatible with both CNG andBenzene up to E20* (bifuel CNG/gasoline in which the gasoline elementcan contain 20% ethanol). They aresuitable for both commercial and dailyuses with price ranging between THB469,000 – 611,000 The bifuel vehicle is powered by 2.4MPI engine, with maximum output of128 horsepower at 5,250 rpm andmaximum torque of 184 N-m at 4,000rpm. The pick-ups are furnished with a seriesof light indicators which also show thelevel of gas left in the cylinder. An intelligence ECU system is alsoincorporated to analyse and control theengine’s fuel and gas injection. The producer claimed that Triton CNGprovides fuel efficiency and smooth running when switched from gasoline togas and vice versa.The lightweight type 2 CNG cylinder islocated on cargo bed, covered with aspecial designed bed liner that not onlyprovides safety but is also easy to useand maintain while the cabin provides alarge space and utilities in Mitsubishistyle. The Single Cab has a cylinderwith 120 litre water capacity while theMega Cab’s CNG cylinder can store100 litre water capacity of gas. CNGsolenoid control valve is installed toavoid gas leakage. Mitsubishi also has Lancer CNG 1.6 L.

BangladeshIndia Hindustan Motors Ltd is joininghand with the Bangladeshi IntracoGroup for distribution of HM’s mini truck“Winner”’ CNG version in Bangladesh.Intraco will have the right to become an

exclusive seller of HM Winner CNG pickup (Light Commercial Vehicle) inBangladesh. Both companies expect aninitial sales volume of 100 vehicles permonth. Bangladesh has many types ofvehicles from LDVs to HDVs includingpick-ups converted to CNG or bifuelsystem.In India, HM Shifeng Winner 1.8 CNGBharat Stage 4 compliant is sold at Rs.445,000 per unit.

IndiaDelhi-based Maruti Suzuki India Limited,the largest automobile manufacturer inSouth Asia, is considering introducing afactory-fitted CNG vehicle by the nextfiscal year in the Indian market. Theimplementation of this plan will alsodepend on result of the feasibility studytheir R&D department is conducting,but also on the availability of filling stations. Although the specific model isnot yet revealed, it is very likely that thecompact cars with Alto will be the first

model to be released as the OEM NGV. Maruti Suzuki’s major share is held bySuzuki Motor Corporation of Japan.Being South Asia’s biggest car manufacturer, it was the first companyin India to mass-produce and sell morethan one million cars.Fiat, the Italian car manufacturer, is wellknown as Europe’s biggest CNG/gasoline bifuel car supplier with around200,000 units sold in 2009. The Indianbranch will soon offer the upgraded FiatGrande Punto CNG in the local market.The firm claimed that with the newPunto, drivers can travel 1,000 km without having to refuel. The CNG cylinder will be placed in an innovativepackaging under the boot, ensuringoptimal space in the boot.

PakistanThe Pak Suzuki Motor Company(PSMC) increased the prices of its

Chevrolet Optra CNG

Fiat Grande Punto CNG soon will be offered in India

Continue to page 32

Photo source: ©

GM

Corp.

May 2010 31

泰国近⽇，Chevrolet Optra Estate（COE）CHG 和 Chevrolet AVEO1600cc 在 GrandPrix 国际 Bangkok举⾏的“汽车年”中双双获奖。这款经济多功能型 COE CNG连续第⼆年获得最佳客货两⽤型CNG轿车称号。这项奖励是在综合考查了车辆设计、适⽤度、安全性、燃料使⽤率、操控性、外观、环保性、⼤众满意度和价值每个⽅⾯后给予的。去年三⽉，Mitsubishi MotorsThailand开发了Triton CNG SingleCab 2.4 GL 型和Mega Cab 2.4GLX型产品使得燃油利⽤度从兼容CNG和苯的双燃料系统提升到E20（双燃料CHG/汽油，其中汽油含20%⼄醇）系统的标准，其价格在泰国铢469000-611000左右，适合商业和⽇常使⽤。这种双燃料车型以2.4MPI为引擎，其5250rpm时最⼤输出功率为128马⼒，其4000rpm时最⼤转⼒矩为184 N-m。这款车含有⼀系列灯光指⽰器，其可以显⽰汽缸中剩余汽油量。该车还引⼊⼀种智能型ECU系统来分析和控制引擎的燃料和从引擎汽缸中注⼊的汽油量。⽣产商指出，将汽油转化为⽓态使得Triton CNG具有较⾼的燃料利⽤率并驾驶得更轻便，反过来也是⼀样。轻型2CNG的汽缸位于货物底部，被⼀种特别设计的bedliner覆盖，这样不仅保证安全性还使得其当阁内有⾜够空间并使⽤Mitsubishi模式时便于使⽤和维护。SingleCab拥有可以容纳120升⽔的汽缸，然⽽，Mega Cab’sCNg的汽缸可以容纳100升⽔那么多的汽油。 CNG含有电磁控制的阀门来防⽌汽油渗漏。Matsubshi还具备Lancer CNG 1.6L。

印度德⾥的南亚最⼤轿车⽣产商Maruti铃⽊印度有限公司在考虑在下⼀个财政年在印度市场引进原⼚⽣产的CNG车型。这项计划能否实施将取决于其研发部门的可⾏性研究结果以及当地加⽓站的建设情况。尽管特定的车型还没有出炉，但具有奥拓（ALTO）的简洁的车型将很有可能作为OEM天然⽓汽车⾸度出炉。Maruti铃⽊公司的主要股份掌握在⽇本铃⽊

汽车公司⼿中。作为南亚最⼤的轿车⽣产商，该公司成为印度第⼀个⼤量⽣产并销售超过百万辆轿车的集团。意⼤利菲亚特汽车集团在2009年以200000辆的销售量被誉为欧洲最⼤的CNG/汽油两⽤燃料汽车经销商。这个印度品牌将在地⽅市场引⼊升级版的FiatGrande PuntoCNG。该公司指出，Punto可以⾏驶1000公⾥不需要加油。CNG⽓瓶将安置在⾏李箱下⽅的新型囊裹内，这就确保了⾏李箱拥有最优的空间。

巴基斯坦巴基斯坦铃⽊汽车公司（PSMC）将其多种产品（汽油车和CNG车）价格从10000卢⽐涨⾄15000卢⽐。在承受了由于卢⽐贬值和通货膨胀环境引起的⼤部分价格压⼒后，该公司提⾼了其各种产品的价格。铃⽊Mehran VX CNG 和 VXR CNG的价格分别为 Rs474000和Rs52400.现在Alto VXRCNG的价格为67400卢⽐。排量1升的铃⽊Cultus VXR CNG 和VXLCNG的价格分别为845000卢⽐和912000卢⽐。

美国美国⾃动倾泻卡车、垃圾运输卡车和其他商务车制造商Peterbilt近期在在美国举⾏的美国中部卡车展览会上展出了三种不同种类的CNG垃圾运输卡车。CNG车的种类包括320,365 和384型。所有都配有320马⼒最⼤输出功率的Cu

mmins ISL-G型引擎且每种型号都配有三向催化转化器来⼤⼤地减少了排放。320型可以配备不同⼤⼩的CNG和LNG⽓箱来适应不同⾏程。这种车型全部的⽣产将在2011年开始。EMI和Gillig公司联⼿将Gillig的公共汽车引⼊在加州的NGV市场以及美国其他地区。EMI是⾼级替代燃料系统以及⼤吨量卡车、公共汽车、轿车和特殊车辆驱动技术的供应商。Gillig公司是⼤型运输系统的⼤吨量公共汽车的⽣产商，主要以⽣产快速公交车和低地板客车为主。GM将在未来2年引进⼀系列新型正常尺⼨卡车、⼩型出租车和运货卡车。GM在看到很多fleet⽣产商在追求“绿⾊”车型后找到了机遇。电信公司AT&T就是⼀个例⼦。他们订购了8000辆将改装为CNG车型的Ford E-250运货卡车。GM在考虑⾃⼰进⾏CNG改装或者承包给改装公司Roush Enterprises。

汽油、苯和⼄醇根据⼤百科全书的解释，汽油是⽯油提炼的液体混合物，其主要作为内燃机的燃料。它还可以⽤做溶液主要⽤于稀释油漆。它主要成分是由⽯油分馏来的脂肪类碳氢化合物，并含有芳⾹族碳氢化合物甲苯和苯以提⾼⾟烷值。少量的多种添加剂是常见的，为了调节发动机性能或者减少有害⽓体的排放。⼀些混合物还有⼤量的⼄醇作为部分燃料的替代品。苯是⼀种有机化合物其分⼦式为C6H6. 。有时缩写为Ph–H。苯是⼀种⽆⾊极易燃的液体。有甜味，熔点相对较⾼。由于被认为是致癌物，它在汽油中作为添加剂的使⽤现在很少。但是它是⼀种很重要的⼯业溶液和的药物、塑料、合成橡胶和染料的底物。苯是天然粗油中的⼀种成分，也许可以由⽯油中其他成分合成⽽来。⼄醇和甲醇是两种醇类燃料。只有特定为此设计的引擎才能适⽤纯⼄醇作为内部引擎燃料。然⽽，⽆⽔纯⼄醇可以和汽油以多种⽐例混合来应⽤于未改装的汽油引擎中并且稍微改装的引擎就可以适⽤⾼含量⼄醇的汽油。通常，只有⼄醇在这⼀领域被⼴泛应⽤，因为甲醇是有毒的。⼄醇混合燃料适⽤“E 数字”来表⽰⼄醇在混合物中的含量。例如：E20表⽰含有20%⽆⽔⼄醇和80%汽油。

在上登载⼴告, 请联系[email protected]

May 201032

various models (of gasoline and CNGversions) by Rs 10,000 to Rs 15,000.After sometime bearing most of thecost pressure also caused by thedepreciating rupee and other inflationaryconditions, the company raised theprice tags of its product assortments.

Suzuki Mehran VX CNG and VXR CNGnow cost Rs 474,000 and Rs 524,000respectively.Now Alto VXR CNG costs Rs 674,000.The 1000cc Suzuki Cultus VXR CNGand VXL CNG are now worth Rs845,000 and Rs 912,000 respectively.

USAUS-based Peterbilt, manufacturer ofdump trucks, refuse (garbage) trucksand other commercial vehicles, presented the three variants of its CNGrefuse truck (for waste management) atthe recent Mid-America Trucking Showin the US. The CNG variants includeModel 320, 365 and the Model 384. All

are equipped with Cummins ISL-Gengines with a maximum output of 320horsepower, with three-way catalyticconverters in each model to significantlyreduce emissions. The Model 320 canbe furnished with various sizes of CNGand LNG tanks to adjust to differentroutes. Full production of the vehicleswill be started in 2011.Enviromech Industries (EMI) joins handswith Gillig Corporation to reintroduceGillig buses to the NGV market inCalifornia and to the rest of USA. EMI isa provider of advanced alternative fuelsystems and propulsion technologiesfor heavy-duty trucks, buses, automo-biles, and specialty vehicles. GilligCorporation is a producer of heavy-dutybuses for mass transit systems, mainlythe Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and theLow Floor. General Motors (GM) willintroduce a new range of full-sizetrucks, chassis cabs and vans poweredby CNG in about two years from now.GM sees the opportunity after findingthat several fleet operators are lookingfor “green” vehicles.

AT&T-a telecommunication company--is an example of a fleet operator thathas ordered 8,000 units of Ford E-250vans, which will be converted to CNG.

GM is considering either to do the CNGconversion in-house, or subcontract itout to its usual conversion firm, RoushEnterprises.

* Gasoline, benzene, andethanolAccording to Wikipedia, gasoline, orpetrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mix-ture which is primarily used as a fuel ininternal combustion engines. It is alsoused as a solvent, mainly known for itsability to dilute paints.It consists mostly of aliphatic hydrocar-bons obtained by the fractional distilla-tion of petroleum, enhanced with iso-octane or the aromatic hydrocarbonstoluene and benzene to increase itsoctane rating. Small quantities of vari-ous additives are common, for purpos-es such as tuning engine performanceor reducing harmful exhaust emissions.Some mixtures also contain significantquantities of ethanol as a partial alterna-tive fuel.Benzene, or benzol, is an organicchemical compound with the molecularformula C6H6. It is sometimes abbrevi-ated Ph–H. Benzene is a colourless andhighly flammable liquid with a sweetsmell and a relatively high melting point.Because it is a known carcinogen, itsuse as an additive in gasoline is nowlimited, but it is an important industrialsolvent and precursor in the productionof drugs, plastics, synthetic rubber, anddyes. Benzene is a natural constituentof crude oil, and may be synthesizedfrom other compounds present inpetroleum. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and methanol(methyl alcohol) are two types of alcoholfuels. The use of pure alcohols in inter-nal combustion engines is only possibleif the engine is designed or modified forthat purpose. However, in their anhy-drous or pure forms, they can be mixedwith gasoline (petrol) in various ratios foruse in unmodified gasoline engines, andwith minor modifications can also beused with a higher content of ethanol.Typically, only ethanol is used widely inthis manner, particularly since methanolis toxic.Ethanol fuel mixtures have "E" numberswhich describe the percentage ofethanol in the mixture by volume, forexample, E20 is 20% anhydrousethanol and 805% gasoline.

Chevrolet Optra CNG. Photo by © GM.CorpFiat Grande Punto bootFord USA plans to offer CNG version in its vehicle assortment

Chevrolet Optra CNG. Photo by © GM.CorpPeterbilt CNG refuse truck

Continued from page 30

Techo UpdateMay 2010 33

Fiat introduces eco:Drive andeco:Drive Fleet to quantifysavings as a result of usingCNG in its bi-fuel vehiclesFiat is introducing the new version ofthe eco:Drive software for NaturalPower CNG-gasoline bifuel vehicles.The software, developed together withEni, is designed to allow users of FiatNatural Power vehicles fitted withBlue&Me to quantify the environmentaland economic benefits of using CNG.

The software can analyse the traveldetails of journeys made when runningon CNG that include: the mileage covered, the quantity of CNG used, thecost of the journey. All consumptiondata will be compared to that of anidentical journey made running ongasoline.

eco:Drive will also be available for freefor all Natural Power cars and commercial vehicles fitted with theBlue&Me infotainment system. It can beused on a broad range of Fiat cars andFiat Professional commercial vehicles.Dedicated for fleets operators, Fiat alsohas launched eco:Drive Fleet, to moreeffectively benefit both the ecosystemand business.

Blue&Me is an infotainment system forFiat Group cars based on MicrosoftAuto and developed through a partnership between Magneti Marelli(part of Fiat Group) and MicrosoftCorporation. The system is based onmodular structure which allows installation and use of arbitrary services.It offers Bluetooth and USB connectivity

技术更新菲亚特正在引进⼀种新型CNG-汽油两⽤燃料机车驾驶软件。与能源公司Eni合作开发的这⼀软件可以让安装B&Me的菲亚特天然⽓汽车的使⽤者获得更多的环境和经济利益。

这种软件可以在驾驶CNG车辆时分析包括⾏驶⾥程、CNG使⽤量、⾏驶成本等⾏驶中的细节。所有消耗数据都将与单⼀使⽤汽油⾏驶的数据对⽐。

Eco：B&Me娱乐资讯系统可以让天然动⼒汽车和商务车辆的⾏驶免费。它可以⼴泛应⽤于菲亚特轿车和菲亚特⾼级商务车。

为车队经营者考虑，菲亚特⼜引进了eco：Drive Fleet来保证更多的⽣态和商务利益。

B&Me是Magneti Marelli（菲亚特集团的⼀部分）和微软公司联合开发的以微软⾃动化软件为基础的菲亚特系列轿车的娱乐咨询系统。这⼀系统以可安装的模式结构为基础并使⽤特定的服务。其⽀持与⼿机和个⼈媒体播放器通过蓝⽛和USB连接。它还提供掌控系统。

它使⽤Nuance Communications公司的语⾳技术使司机可以声控各种指标。在Magneti Marelli的帮助下，该系统可以和⼤多数⼿机及媒体播放器兼容。

Blue&Me Nav 是⼀种增强系统，它加⼊了GPS定位引擎。

免费下载 eco:Drive软件，下载⽹址www.fiat.com/ecoDrive.

to mobile phones and personal mediaplayers. It also provides a hands-free system, allowingdrivers to control all features by voicecommands, using speech technologyfrom Nuance Communications. With thehelp of Magneti Marelli, the system isdeveloped to be compatible with mostmobile phones and media players.Blue&Me Nav is an enhanced systemwhich adds GPS navigation features.

Download the eco:Drive software forfree from www.fiat.com/ecoDrive.

Fiat’s Light-Duty Vehicles collection in Italy that is powered by bifuel CNG/gasoline includes:- Punto Evo 5p and Evo 3p Natural - Power Dynamic- Punto Evo 5p and Evo 3p NaturalPower Active- Qubo Natural Power Active andNatural Power Dynamic- Grande Punto 5p and 3 p NaturalPower Dynamic- Panda Natural Power Dynamic- Doblò Natural Power Active- Multipla Natural Power Dynamic andNatural Power Emotion- Punto Classic Natural PowerIn the future, the new Doblò (2010)—with Blue&Me and eco:Drive system--will also be available in Natural PowerversionMost of these selections are also available in many European countries.

Fiat plans to expand its OEM NGV market to Asia. Its Grande Punto CNGwill soon be available in India.

Read more about this in page 30 of this magazine.

May 201034

BusinessCentreLast available booths for NGV2010 Rome

Less than two monthsfrom the 12th IANGVWorld Conference andExhibition in New

Rome Fair, June 8-10. Register nowand join this event!

Just a few months to the event, the saleof expo booths at the Nuova Fiera diRoma continues to add participants.Increasingly, all parties related to theindustry want to be present in “theevent of the year”. More than 80 boothshave been already sold and booked bycompanies from Asia, Europe, Northand South America.

Due to the increasing demand from allover the world, the expo hall has movedfrom pavilion 10 to 11, which is 1,000m2 larger.

By early April, from the 94 stands set atthe exhibition hall, 66 units were alreadysold and 19 booked. In addition, theorganization committee decided toenlarge the lunch and welcome receptionarea for conference delegates to providemore comfort to all the attendees.

The new pavilion also offers a betterlayout of the spaces and a free-flowingtransit for visitors. Thus, all exhibiting companies will havea strategic location.

Certainly, nobody wants to miss themeeting that is generating growingexpectations in the NGV industry. The impact can be seen through thesupport given by various companiesfrom around the globe, which not onlyseek for a place in the exhibition butalso sponsor the event.

The exhibitors Some of the new firms that haveacquired a booth in the expo area arethe US/UK-based Gilbarco, ItalianLazzero Tecnologie, OMVL, the Germanfirm TÜV Saarland and also Air Blastfrom Argentina. In the OutsideExhibition area, which has four modulesof 224 m2, Italian OEM Iveco (with itsline Irisbus) and fuelling componentsproducer BRC FuelMaker alreadybought part of the space.

Companies which previously confirmedtheir stand purchase include ALPHAxperion Composites GmbH, AtacRoma, MTM BRC, Fornovo Gas,Greener Cities (Cavagna Group,Metatron, Raufoss/Ragasco), OMBSaleri, Cryostar, AEB srl., Kraus GlobalInc., IMW, Motonic, 3B Fiberglass, CNGPart Co Ltd (CNGauge), Fiat Group,Idro Meccanica, Swagelok, LandiRenzo, Xebec, Vitckovice Cylinders, DKTech, ITT Conoflow, Dresser Wayne,Emer Group, Kwangshin, RotarexAutomotive, TA, Safe, ANGI Energy,Tenaris, Greenfield, Tartarini Auto, GNCGalileo, Aspro CNG, Kioshi, ENI, EKCInternational Fze, WEH GmbH GasTechnology, Couth, Endress + HauserItalia Spa, Zavoli, Sinoma Science &Technology (Suzhou) , Luxfer, LMF,Cramaro Italia & Cryotrucks, StafettaQuotidiano, Lazzero Technology, BellettiEditore, GI & E., RTI-RHPS, CompositeTechnical Systems, Aldesa AutogasEquipments, Vanzetti Engineering,Polargas srl, Gemels srl, Versus Gasand Bujscholtz. And there are manymore companies who already bookedmore booths.

Besides private firms, the most significant NGV associations –like theIANGV, the NGVA Europe and theConsorzio NGV System Italia- have alsoensured a place in the Nuova Fiera diRoma.

Bronze Sponsor Recently, the firm Tenaris joined as asponsor of the NGV2010 Rome. Thiscompany manufactures cylinders forstorage and transportation of naturalgas, hydrogen, helium and CNG cylinders for vehicular use. Given the importance that this companydedicates to the development of materials and services for compressednatural gas sector, Tenaris has doubledits presence in this important event as aBronze Sponsor and with its own boothto show its products.

The company's plant located inDalmine, Italy, specializes in the production of compressed gas cylindersand is one of the few manufacturers inthe world that covers the entire production process, from the steel toseamless pipe production, through tothe finished product. Besides the standard product range, Tenaris alsoproduces special products and accessories to meet the specific customers’ design needs.It is worth mentioning that, besidesTenaris, the other bronze sponsor companies are Landi Renzo, Metatron,BRC FuelMaker and Atac Roma, whilethe main supporter of the event is theItalian firm ENI.To book your stand visitwww.ngv2010roma.com and [email protected]

May 2010 35

BusinessCentreExpo floor plan and list of exhibitors

STAND COMPANY A1 OMVLA2 MTM - BRCA5 Fornovo GasA9 TÜV Saarland automobil GmbH

A10

Greener CitiesCavagna GroupMetatronRaufoss/Ragasco

A13 OMB SaleriA17 CryostarA18 AEB srlA19 Kraus Global Inc.A20 IMWA21 MotonicA23 3B FibreglassA31 CNG Part Co Ltd (CNGauge)B2 Idromeccanica B6 BookedB10 Dresser Wayne B14 SwagelokB18 KwangshinB19 ITT ConoflowB20 ROTAREX AutomotiveB21 BookedB22 TAB23 DK TechB24 Vitkovice CylindersB25 BookedB27 BookedB29 BookedC2 SafeC8 Angi EnergyC9 XebecC10 Landi Renzo C13 TenarisC17 Greenfield C18 TartariniC26 BookedD2 GNC Galileo D6 KioshiD7 GilbarcoD10 ENID14 EKC International FZE D18 BookedD20 Weh GmbH Gas TechnologyD22 COUTHD24 Endress+Hauser Italia SpaD26 xperion ALPHA Composites GmbHE2 Emer GroupE3 Atac RomaE8 ZavoliE10 Aspro GNVE11 Sinoma Science & Technology (Suzhou)E14 LuxferE17 LMFE18 BRC FuelmakerE19 NGV2012 ChuncheonE20 NGV Communications GroupE21 IANGVE23 NGVA EuropeE24 Consorzio NGV SystemE25 BookedE26 Lazzero TecnologieE28 BookedE30 Stafetta QuotidianaE32 BookedF2 Belletti Editore F6 G.I.& E.F10 Cramaro Italia & Cryotrucks F11 Aldesa Autogas EquipmentsF13 Vanzetti EngineeringF14 Polargas S.r.l.F18 Gemels s.r.l.F20 R.T.I - RHPS F22 CompositeTechnical SystemsF24 Versus GasF25 BujscholtzF26 BookedF27 BookedF28 BookedF30 BookedF32 Air BlastF36 Booked

Outdoor AreaIVECO Irisbus

BRC Fuelmaker

May 201036

BusinessCentrePredictions and certainties about the industry in one place

Each NGV2010 Romelecture represents alaunchpad for discussion that will be

a main theme of the future challengesthat all stakeholders are facing in thisbusiness. In IANGV World Congress, avariety of topics will be addressed.Here, the reasons to not miss the discussions that will beat the sector’spulse.

IANGV’s forecasts are forceful:“Growing interest in alternative fuels isexpected to add more than fifty millionnatural gas vehicles (NGVs) on theworld’s roads in the next ten years.”

Precisely, all topics that will help makethis statement real and further theupward trend will be dealt with in theNGV2010 Conference. Every singleaspect (operational, technological, political, safety-related and more) will bediscussed by experts, businessmen andexecutives. Therefore, Conference sessions will be given and addressed tothe industry’s key players.

Understanding market andtechnology to grow Right from the opening plenary sessionon June 8th at 10:30, the slogan of theevent "Creating a revolution transport"will come to life. With a focus on it,Richard Kolodziej, IANGV President, willaddress the audience. Andrew Littlefair,President and CEO of Clean Energy, willbe the next speaker presenting: “Don’tSell the Problem – Sell the Solution. Asuccessful business model in action”.Then, from the host country, FrancescoCaria, CEO of ENI Gas & Power Division,will talk about “A Matter of Balance –The Italian Success Story So Far”.

Also during the first day, a regionalreport from Asia will be provided, withBrett Jarman, the executive director ofthe IANGV, as session chair. There willbe speakers from Thailand, Pakistan,China and Bangladesh who will sharetheir knowledge on statistics and CNGmarkets of these increasingly-promisingcountries.

Another conference –introduced byArgentine and Italian experts- will por-

tray new technologies and their contribution to the safety and quality ofCNG. Later, lecturers will presentoverviews on dual-fuel and fuelblends as alternative and effective technologies for heavy transport. Finally, speakers from China, Italy andNorway will speak about cylinders andgas storage.

What is to come?On the second Conference day, RichardKolodziej will start once again on thepanel “Strategic Thinking 1” by providing a brief overview of the globalNGV industry. Then, Mike Gallagher(Westport Innovations - Canada) willspeak about “The Next 10 Years -Strategies and Tactics to Build theIndustry to Scale”.

On the other hand, Michiel Nijboer(International Energy Agency - France)will answer the question “How toSuccessfully Promote the Introductionand Growth of Natural Gas Vehicles fora Low-Carbon Future”. Finally, JonathanBurke (Westport Innovations - Canada)will present the paper: “Working withStakeholders to Secure Customers andCreate a Market”.

In-depth analysis The second day will include anotherregional report. To expose the European scene, Peter Boisen, former president of the NGVA Europe,will be the session chair. Lectures willbe in charge of the major Europeanindustry executives who not sessionchair will be only deployed a continent-wide approach but also willtreat the cases of Germany, CentralEurope, Switzerland and Italy andpotential export markets.

The last regional report will be about theAmericas, with examples fromArgentina, Brazil, USA and Canada.NGV industrialists will expose the numbers of the American market andthe promising future of the sector.

Following good examples On the final Conference day, - on thepanel "Strategic Thinking 2" – somepresentations are to be highlighted.That is the case of Stephe Yborra(Director of Market Analysis, Educationand Communications of the CleanVehicle Education Foundation –CVEF –and director of Marketing andCommunications of NGVAmerica, who

May 2010 37

BusinessCentrewill deal with "Compelling Cases" providing a review of successful NGVprojects.

Later, Fausto Maranca, President of theArgentine Chamber for CNG, will present “Argentina – 25 Years Goingfrom Strength to Strength”, with anoverview on this model country, both forits local market and for its exportcapacity.

The plenary session on the last day willalso include the exposure of Klaus-Peter Wiedmann, NadineHennings, Martin and Lars KassubekPankalla (Leibniz University of Hanover,Germany). They will display: “The adoption of natural gas vehicles inGermany, exploring consumers’ attitudes and risk perception.” This presentation applies basically to theGerman consumer market, one of themost important automotive markets inthe world.

News and communicationsThe Papers Committee of NGV2010Rome has selected the work “NGVbeyond the words: effective communication, the key to boost it.” Itwill be presented byNGV Communications Group representatives and will answer questions such as:

• CNG, the most alive fossil fuel. Theimportance of disseminating clear,straight and with positive impact infor-mation. • How to fight on equal terms againstthe oil giants? Communication gives thestrength.• Ecology and reality: CNG the only“serious” alternative for the next twodecades.• Specialized media versus massmedia. When and where to invest inadvertising? • Internet, “angel or demon”? How touse its leverage and not fall into theirtraps?

This talk is a key for both, chambersand business men and it can be wit-nessed only by the conference dele-gates. If you are not registered yet, youcan do it through:

http://www.ngv2010roma.com/en/regis-tration-form.php

Versus Gas News

CNG Reducer VR-C Type “Standard”:

www.versusgas.com

VR-C is a pressure regulator designed by FHT and dedicated to CNG Sequential Gas Injection Systems. It can be installed in most types of cars. The reducer is supplied with sensitive 1st stage reduction system that warrant stable pressure value in spite of pressure variation coming from the tank.Thanks to its highly efficient two stage Gas flow control system it ensuresthe most optimal GAS dosage in any drive conditions.

VR-C “Standard” Technical Data:Type of GAS: CNGBody: Aluminium die castApprovals: ECE 110R 00Gas Working Pressure: 1,6 barMaximum Power: 180 KWWorking Temperature Range (°C): -30 /+120Gas Outlet External Diameter: 12 mmEngine Cooling liquid Outlet/Inlet: a) 16 mm

b) 10 mmLow Pressure Shut-off Valve: integratedVacuum nozzle: PresentSolenoid Valve Nominal Voltage: +12VOverall dimension: 150/165/145 mmBody Diameter: 100 mmWeight: 1,3 kg

May 201038

BusinessCentreMultitubes – Reliable piping systems for CNG stations

Since years,Multitubes are used asreliable piping systems

to connect the storage-bottles with thedispenser of a CNG station. All major European manufacturers ofcompressors are using these cost efficient tubes. The system is maintenance free and well protectedagainst mechanical damage, abrasionand corrosion. The admitted designpressure is 300 bar or even more,depending on the selected dimension.The size range goes from OD 6 mm upto OD 25 mm. Inch dimensions onrequest. Simple and quick installation inlong units (up to 1000 m) will lower yourcosts by approx. 50% compared tostandard straight tube installation. Noconduit needed. All tubes are approvedby third-party survey organizations likeTUV or LRS. Pressure test and certification are conducted directly afterproduction. No additional pressure test

is necessary after installation. Pleasefeel free to contact us and ask for adetailed quotation.The Zapp Group is now looking backover a 300 year history. Today the company benefits by having productionlocations in the United States andGermany with a sales organizationoperating worldwide. Zapp is a worldclass supplier of semi finished productsspecializing in Stainless Steel and HighPerformance Alloys. Our high qualitystandards enable our material to meetthe needs of the most ambitious applications.

ROBERT ZAPPWERKSTOFFTECHNIK GMBHThomas DomkeZapp-Platz 140880 RatingenPhone +49 2102 [email protected] www.zapp.com

May 2010 39

GSR Ventiltechnik develops, produces anddistributes solenoidvalves, externally controlled valves and a

wide range of special valves and systems. The strength of the companylies in the development and productionof customized products by customers’request. By means of sales partnersworldwide the company achieved anexport share of approx. 40% in 2009.Since 1999, the company is owned bythe Indus Holding AG, BergischGladbach. All business is performed in accordancewith the DIN EN ISO 9001.

Our priorities….In the interests of our customers thehighest priority is the extension andimprovement of our reliability and flexibility. The target of the completeGSR Team is to be market leader in thedevelopment of customized valves andto delivery as fast as it can be.Therefore, we offer a programme covering all areas and in all the

categories of customized valves.Our methods of productionare energy saving andfriendly towards environ-ment and natural resources.So GSR contributes activelyto environmental protection.Steady growth together withfirm financial planning is ourway to safeguard employmentand also to assure our customer,more so than stated in legal regula-tions, to provide a long term avail-ability of spare parts and to fulfill anynecessary servicing requirements.

Our product range- Solenoid valves- externally (pressure) controlled valves - Control valves and accessories - Special valves on customer request- Valves with inspection certificates- RRV® Rapid Reaction ValveNominal sizes: DN1-DN300Pressure range: 0-500 barConnections: Thread G1/8-G3, Flangeup to DN400, Certificates: e.g. DIN ENISO 9001, EC-Examination Certificate,

DVGW-approvals, Germanischer Lloyd,3A-Sanitary Standardapproval, GOST-R-

certificate, RussianHygiene Certificate

Fields of application:Our valves are used in,

e.g.:- High-pressure applications- the Gas industry- Natural gas filling stations

- Car tank systems- Liquid gas plants- Fire fighting systems- the Petrochemical industry- Bottling plants- Pneumatics and hydraulics- the Concrete and cement industry- the Beverage industry- Applications for high temperatures

and for cryogenics- the Food processing industry- the Car wash technology- Shipbuilding- Mechanical engineering

BusinessCentre

CountryNatural Gas Vehicles Refuelling stations

VRAMonthly gasconsumption

(M Nm3)Last update

Total Cars/LDVs MD/HDbuses

MD/HDtrucks Others Total Public Private Under

construction

May 201040

Asian NGV statisticsNGV statistics

Fuel Prices

Country

Armenia 0,67 0,63 0,61 0,32 0,29 0,33Australia 0,77 0,72 0,78 0,34 0,30 0,35Bangladesh 0,52 0,49 0,34 0,18 0,16 0,18China 0,59 0,56 0,50 0,34 0,30 0,35Egypt 0,35 0,23 0,14 0,06 0,05 0,06India 0,64 0,48 0,27 0,24 0,28Indonesia 0,44 0,31 0,33 0,18 0,16 0,18Iran 0,10 0,07 1,01 0,03 0,02 0,03Japan 1,39 1,31 1,19 0,68 0,52 0,58Korea 1,11 0,96 0,55 0,49 0,56Malaysia 0,40 0,35 0,34 0,15 0,13 0,15Pakistan 0,68 0,57 0,40 0,36 0,41Philippines 0,56 0,50 0,22 0,20 0,23Russia 0,57 0,48 0,41 0,19 0,17 0,19Singapore 0,94 0,67 0,70 0,63 0,72Thailand 0,77 0,72 0,67 0,14 0,13 0,14

PremiumGasoline(Euro/litre)

RegularGasoline(Euro/litre)

Diesel(Euro/litre)

CNG(Euro/Nm3)

CNG price equivalent perlitre gasoline

CNG price equivalent per

litre diesel

Pakistan 2.250.100 2.200.000 100 50.000 3.145 3.145 March 2010Iran 1.734.431 1.728.909 5.522 1.079 1.058 21 840 189,00 December 2009India 700.000 680.380 12.000 715 6.905 500 181 319 52,00 April 2009China 500.000 320.000 150.000 30.000 1.652 1.453 199 232 9 January 2010Bangladesh 200.000 168.412 3.233 8.355 20.000 500 500 13 91,55 January 2010Thailand 173.480 140.050 11.720 20.030 1.680 404 379 25 36 0 95,60 March 2010Egypt 122.271 119.598 1.217 711 745 119 115 4 16 36,00 December 2009Armenia 101.352 69.971 9.831 19.626 1.924 275 9 266 14 28,50 September 2009Russia 100.020 57.000 8.000 35.000 20 249 202 47 12 27,71 December 2009Uzbekistan 47.000 47.000 63 63 8,83 September 2009Malaysia 42.631 42.105 466 14 46 137 135 2 10 January 2010Japan 38.042 14.587 1.467 20.566 1.422 344 293 51 672 September 2009Korea 25.744 1.470 23.475 798 1 157 157 5 13 81,68 March 2010Myanmar 22.821 4.527 18.290 4 37 37 October 2008Tajikistan 10.600 10.600 53 53 4,13 December 2007Kyrgyzstan 6.000 6.000 6 6 0,60 December 2007Singapore 4.578 4.533 30 15 5 5 December 2009Turkey 3.339 1.850 1.489 14 8 6 35 0,40 April 2010Georgia 3.000 3.000 42 42 January 2008Australia 2.825 100 1.700 275 750 47 4 43 39 130 November 2009Indonesia 2.550 1.755 335 210 250 9 9 December 2009Vietnam 1.002 1.000 2 12 11 1 December 2009United Arab Emirates 305 305 0 0 2 1 1 1 March 2007New Zealand 283 180 66 37 14 14 March 2007Philippines 36 11 25 3 1 2 February 2006Taiwan 4 4 1 1 April 2005Kazakhstan 10 10 September 2009Turkmenistan 1 1 November 2009Greater Asia 6.092.414 5.623.343 248.972 136.319 83.780 8.880 7.879 1.001 1.182 895 615,99 April 2010World total 11.302.529 10.584.155 404.886 226.254 87.234 17.355 15.696 1.659 1.586 12.839 1.319

Region Total NGVsCars

/LDVsMD/HDBuses

MD/HDTrucks

Othersfuellingstations

World review

Asia 5.884.703 5.491.522 229.652 81.693 81.836 8.300

Eurasia 207.711 131.821 19.320 54.626 1.944 580

Africa 233 227 6 0 0 7

Europe 1.094.671 884.994 130.848 77.775 1.054 2.905

South America 4.000.034 3.976.554 13.820 9.660 0 4.638

North America 115.177 99.037 11.240 2.500 2.400 925

Total 11.302.529 10.584.155 404.886 226.254 87.234 17.355

In this table, Asia includes Egypt but excluding Eurasian countries(Armenia, Georgia, Russia, and Turkey). Egypt, that has 122,271NGVs and 119 CNG filling stations is not yet included in Africa listing.

ISO 15500

BUREAU VERITAS

Certification

ISO 9000

Nº 224008 / Nº 105507

Asian-ngv - May 10

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