Asian Classical Civilizations:
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Transcript of Asian Classical Civilizations:
Izydorczak 1
Asian Classical Civilizations:
Mauryan, Gupta, & Han
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The Mauryan Empire
• Chandragupta Maurya seized Northeast India
Chandragupta's empire when he founded it circa 320 BC, by the time he was about 20 years old.
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The Mauryan Empire• Chandragupta Maurya’s Army of 600,000
men aided by chariots and 9,000 war elephants conquered more kingdoms
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The Mauryan Empire• Chandragupta Maurya Centralized Government
followed advice of Kautilya, a Brahman
(Strict rule, use of spies, use of assassination, set up districts run by a bureaucracy of loyal
supporters, government controlled the economy, and taxed the farmers and made them pay rent for
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The Mauryan Empire• Chandragupta Maurya gave up his throne to
his grandson Ashoka
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The Mauryan Empire• Ashoka expanded Indian empire to the
south.
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The Mauryan Empire• Why did Ashoka switch from
Hinduism to Buddhism?
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The Mauryan Empire
• Ashoka converted to Buddhism (nonviolence).
• Religious tolerance• Built roads and dug wells
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The Gupta’s
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The Gupta’s
Chandra Gupta I United India as a single empire7/2013
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The Gupta’s
Chandra Gupta IIRuled India empire during
its Golden Age7/2013
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The Gupta’s
Chandra Gupta II India’s Golden Age
• Hinduism became main religion• Building of Hindu temples
• Concept of zero• Decimal system• Herbal remedies• Plastic surgery
• Vaccinated against smallpox7/2013
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Buddhism Hinduism Under Ashoka
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Ancient Empires of India
Ike Always Makes Great MealsNDUS
RYANS
AURYANS
UPTAS
OGULS
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Han Dynasty
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Han Dynasty• The two Chinese dynasties studied before the Han’s
Shang• 1st Chinese Dynasty(Yellow River Valley)
• Started 1st writing system(Pictograph)
• Oracle bones(Predict future)
Zhou• Dynastic cycle
• Mandate of Heaven
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Han DynastyChina’s first Golden Age!
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Han Dynasty
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Chinese Philosophy3 “schools of thought”
• Confucianism
• Daoism (Taoism)
• Legalism
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Chinese Philosophy3 “schools of thought”
• Founded by Kong Fu Zi
• Proper Respect (knowing one’s role in society)
• Stressed five relationships
• Stressed education
• Bring quality people into government (educated, civil service test)
• Filial Piety
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Stressed the Five Relationships1) Father to
2) Older Brother to younger
3) Husband to
4) Ruler to
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Chinese Philosophy3 “schools of thought”
• Founded by Lao Tze
• Nature follows a universal force called “the way” or
• Order will be restored by human beings living in = “Go with the flow”
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LightMaleHeavenlyActive
DarkFemaleEarthlyPassive
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Chinese Philosophy3 “schools of thought”
• Founded by Han Fei
• Order and peace will be restored by having and
• People are naturally weak and selfish. Therefore, a strong / is needed to keep society on the straight and narrow.
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Legal = Laws = (severe) Punishment if broken
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漢朝Han Dynasty
• Paper making• Agriculture ImprovementsWheelbarrow, plow, collar harness, water mills
Monopoly by theGovernment on salt,Iron, coins, & alcohol.
• Centralized Government• Civil Service Exams
• One common written language• Reinforcement of Confucianist principals• Low status of women
• Peasants rebelled due to high taxes and poverty• Millions left homeless after great flood
• Gap between rich and poor• Empire became too large & corrupt
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