Asian Architecture Project 1 : Case Study PaperPaper Presentation

Provide natural ventilation using openings as design approach in achieving optimum occupant comfort in S11 House

Name: Yap Zhi Jun Student ID: 0310738

Tutor: Pn. Yati

Provide natural ventilation using openings as design approach

in achieving optimum occupant comfort in S11 House.

How significant the openings design approach in S11 House in achieving optimum occupant comfort?

How are the openings design approach implement in an open plan in S11 House in achieving optimum occupant comfort?

How S11 House adopt and improve the openings from Vernacular Architecture in achieving optimum occupant comfort?

Research Question :

IMPORTANCE & ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL VENTILATION

• Healthy and natural indoor environment

• Reduced capital and operating costs

• Low maintenance

• Improve life performance

• Better long term investment

• Reduce environmental impact

OPENINGS

Awning Windows

100 % VentilatingAwning windows pivot on hinges mounted at the top

Advantages

• Can be places higher in walls than many other types of windows

• Provide natural light and ventilation, without compromising privacy

• Weather-tight construction, good choice in damp climates

Disadvantages

• Require frequent washing

Analysis

• Usually use in toilets and corner above fixed window

• Mainly use for ventilation in the toilet• Small in size

Advantages

• Variety of design features• Provide good ventilation and light• Easy to open and close

Disadvantages

• Size limitation • Opening has to be strong to

support the window

Casement Windows

100 % VentilatingCasement window are hinged at the side and swing outward.

Analysis

Casement Window

• Use in bedroom, kitchen, gallery room, storage room (more privacy space)

• Some located side-to-side sliding doors

• Mostly located at the SW and NE side

• Size is adjusted according to headroom size and human height

• Allow sufficient air ventilation

Advantages

• Nice panoramic view• More natural lighting

Floor-to-ceiling Window

Disadvantages

• Lack of privacy• Lack of ventilation

Sliding Door

Open by sliding horizontally along the frame.

Advantages

• Minimal maintenance• Durable

Disadvantages

• More cleaning

Analysis

Sliding Door

• Use in bedroom, dining area, living area, gathering space (more public space)

• Door to balcony area, door to pond and swimming pool

• To provide larger view to surrounding

• Mostly located at the NW and SE side

• Size bigger in living area, gathering space, smaller in bedroom, dining area

• Allow the flow of air to provide good ventilation

OPENINGS IN OPEN PLAN

Open plan is a design method that has one or more large, open rooms that function as multiple rooms within a single living space.

The most common is a “great room” that combines the kitchen, dining room, and living room in one shared space.

Living roomDry KitchenDining Area

Open deckFamily HallLily Pond

Open plan

Advantages

- More open wide space- Better air flow- More natural light- Great space for gathering

Disadvantages

- No privacy- Longer time for cooling and heating- Air conditioning less effective- Clean frequently

CROSS VENTILATION

With vent openings on both sides of the building this uses the pressure difference across the space to create air movement through the space.

Cross-ventilation depends on a continuous airflow path, most effective in open plan.

Same level opposite opening

Smaller inlet, larger outlet Provide higher speed air and better air flow

Different level opposite opening

A floor-to-ceiling opening at one side draw air in and cooled both the floors and flow out on the other side of openings

STACK VENTILATION

The most effective natural ventilation using the cross flow pressure difference and suction / convection created by the stack.

A specially design wind turbine combined with a steel framed glazed pyramid provides the house with ‘stack effect’ ventilation and light pipes. The 15 numbers of turbines are driven both by wind as well as convection when the air within the glass pyramid heat up as a result of the greenhouse effect.

OPENINGS IN VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE (MALAY HOUSE) AND CONTEMPORARY

ARCHITECTURE (S11 HOUSE)

Stack ventilation through roof joint

Cross ventilation through openings

Raised house level to cool the house

Vernacular Architecture ( Malay House)

Casement window• Smaller in size• Ventilation through body level• More privacy• Sufficient sir flow

Panel door• Mainly for circulation• Smaller in size

Vernacular Architecture (Malay House)

SpecificationContemporary

Architecture (S11 House)

• Cross ventilation (openings)

• Stack ventilation (roof)

Types of ventilation

• Cross ventilation (openings)

• Stack ventilation (wind turbine)

• Casement window• Panel door

Types of openings

• Casement window• Awning window• Floor-to-ceiling window• Sliding door

Opening size in body level Size of openingsLarger in size to allow more

air and light enter

Adaptation

• Cross ventilation through opening • Use of casement window in open plan

Improvement

• S11 House stack ventilation through wind turbine

• More types of window to implement the floor plan and control the air ventilation

• S11 House openings are larger to provide more ventilation, but less privacy

Solution

• Use different material of glass window (frosted glass)

• Orientation of openings• Limitation of openable size• Use trees to improve privacy and act as

shading to control the sunlight

COMPARISON

In conclusion, to provide occupant comfort and

improve natural ventilation in a house, choices of

openings design are important to cooperate with

the environmental factors to implement it in an

open plan house with the adoption and

improvement from Vernacular Architecture.

CONCLUSION

Reference

Andy Walker. (2015) National Institute of Building Sciences. Natural Ventilation.Retrieved 28 April 2015 from http://www.wbdg.org/resources/naturalventilation.php

Hawkes,D. (2015). A History of Sustainable Architecture.Retrieved 28 April 2015 from http://www.architecture.com/RIBA/Aboutus/SustainabilityHub/Sustainability.aspx

Greenbelt Home Inc. (2012). X.N. Building Openings: Windows, Doors, Skylights. Retrieved 26 April 2015 from http://ghi.coop/content/xn-building-openings-windows-doors-skylights

Ken Currie. (2015). O-Plan: the Open Planning Architecture (1990) Retrieved 27 April 2015 from http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.26.2844

Nick Baker. (2015). RIBA. Natural Ventilation: Cross Ventilation.Retrieved 27 April 2015 from http://www.architecture.com/RIBA/Aboutus/SustainabilityHub/Designstrategies/Air/1-2-1-3-naturalventilation-crossventilation.aspx