Imperialism 1800-1914: South Asia, Asia Impact: South Asia (India)
Asia
description
Transcript of Asia
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To Everybody Assembled Here…
This is a presentation about a phenomenon
called….
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Asia
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Lee Kuan Yew
• Born 16th Sept, 1923 in Singapore
• Name means “The Light that shines far and wide”
• The founding father of modern Singapore
• First Prime Minister
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Angkor Vat
• Pluvial Mountains, Cambodia
• Marvelous cathedrals and Buddhist monasteries
• Means “Capital” in Khmer Language
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The Buddhas of Bamiyan
• Two Buddhas with a height of 53 m & 38 m at an alt of 2500 Mtr
• 4th & 5th century AD• Constantly assaulted
by the iconoclasts• Bamiyan valley in
the hands of Taliban in 1998 led to its final destruction
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Petronas Towers•Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia•Height: 452 mtrs –
higher than Sears Towers
•Work started in 1994, will be completed in 2009
•Pride of Malaysia
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Akio Morita• 1921 – 1999•Set up Sony in 1946•The “MAN” behind
the WAKMAN•Target – America •Respected for his
business acumen and negotiation skills
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Junichiro Koizumi• Japan’s Prime Minister•59-yr old bachelor –
also known as “Lone Wolf”
•Fan of both Heavy Metal and Opera
•Has the unenviable task of getting back Japan from the doldrums
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Junichiro Koizumi• Japan’s Prime Minister•59-yr old bachelor –
also known as “Lone Wolf”
•Fan of both Heavy Metal and Opera
•Has the unenviable task of getting back Japan from the doldrums
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Taj Mahal•Eighth wonder of
the world•Work began 1631
& ended in 1655•A workforce of
20,000•Built entirely of
marble
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Great Wall of China• Only man-made
construction visible from the moon
• Started in 7th Century B.C.
• A wall to separate and protect
• A total length of 6000 kms
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Hong Kong• Leased by China to
the British – returned to China on July 1, 1997
• One land – Two Govt• Most of China’s trade
done through HK• Trade & Finance -
the strengths of Hong Kong
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Deng Xaoiping• 1904 - 1997• “Whether a cat is
black or white, it is good as long as it catches mice”
• Came to power in 1978
• Creation of market economy
• Responsible for the Tiananmen Square
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Singapore Exchange• Asia’s best derivatives
trading exchange• 1 billion outstanding
shares• Incorporated in 1973• It has the best foreign
currency exchange• 25.8 mn contracts –
the highest in any exchange
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The Asian Biggies Mass Transit Railways Hong Kong
Infosys Technologies India
Astra International Indonesia
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The Asian Biggies
Toyota Motor Japan
Genting Malaysia
Jollibee Foods Philippines
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The Asian Biggies
Singapore Airlines Singapore
Samsung Electronics S Korea
Taiwan Semiconductor Taiwan
Charoen PokphandThailand
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I. C. N. A. Presentation
Region Readies for Recovery“Is the East Asian Recovery
Happening?”
Binay Jajodia (9037)Jacob Joseph (9038)
Far Eastern Economic Review, January 10, 2002
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Contents• Fundamentals of Economics -
“So that we understand the analysis”
• The facts about Asia – “Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics”
• The Final Analysis – “Are the Asian economies really recovering?”
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Economic Fundamentals
• Balance of Payments
• What does a Current A/c deficit really mean?
• Capital Account Liberalization
• Capital Controls
• Fixed, Floating & Adjustable Exchange Rates – The Trilemna
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Balance of Payments
• Current Account– Merchandise Trade
– Services & Invisibles
• Capital Account– Direct Investments
– Securities
– Bank Claims & Liabilities
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Current Account Deficit/Surplus
• What does it really mean?
• Current A/c & Capital A/c are reflections of one another
• Zero Sum Game
• Why should one worry about persistent current account deficits?
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Capital Account Liberalization
• What does it really mean?
• It is really in whose interest?
• What do the statistics say? – Damned Lies
• Some winners – rest losers
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Capital Controls
• What does it really mean?
• Types of controls– Quantity – based controls
– Price – based controls
– Regulatory Controls
• Rationale of Capital Controls
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The Trilemna
• Features of Fixed Exchange Rates
• Features of Floating Exchange Rates
• Which one will you choose?– Monetary Policy
– Fiscal Policy
• Pegged & Adjustable Exchange Rates
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REASON FOR EARLIER SLOWDOWN
• Most of Asian economies are export dependent economies
• Japan’s slide into recession • East Asia excels in
manufacturing of high – tech products
• 9/11
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JAPAN
- Export dropped 9.1%
- Bankruptcies set to rise
- Unemployment could hit 6%
- Continuing weakness of the stock market
- Weakening of Yen
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JAPAN
% change 2000 2001* 2002*GDP 2.4 -0.4 -0.6
Private Consumption
0.6 0.2 -0.5
Fixed Investments
10.4 1.4 -3.2
Industrial Production
5.9 -7.1 -4.3
Current Account ($ billion)
98.9 76.1 76.9
Budget Balance ($ billion)
-248.7 -283.2 -307.6
*Estimates Source:Consensus Economics Inc.
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VIETNAM
• Oil export earning to decline by 20%
• Government has launched a campaign to dramatically expand cotton production
% change
2000 2001* 2002*
GDP 6.1 6.1 5.8
Current Account
($ billion)
0.2 0.2 -0.7
*EstimatesSource:Consensus Economics Inc.
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CAMBODIA
• Agriculture generating nearly half of national income
• Strong growth in garment exports
• Increase in tourist arrivals by 34%
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GROWTH AND RECOVERY IN 2001
- Real Sector Developments
- Asset Market Developments
- Fiscal and Monitory Policies
- Financial and Corporate Restructuring
- Social Sector Developments
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REAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
INDICATORS:
- Real GDP Growth- Growth of Manufacturing- Growth of Merchandise Exports- Growth of Electronic Exports- Growth of Real Private Consumption- Growth of Real Gross Domestic
Investment- Growth of Merchandise Imports
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ASSET MARKET DEVELOPMENT
INDICATORS:
- Composite Stock Price Indexes- Exchange Rate Indexes- Office Property Rents- Office Property Vacancy Rates
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Indo Pak War
•3rd December, 1971•Indian army overruns East Pakistan (Bangladesh) and takes 93,000 POW
•Pakistan President – Yahya Khan•Indian Prime Minister – Mrs Indira Gandhi
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Indo Pak War
Attack on Karachi
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Indo Pak War• Gen Sam Manekshaw orders Indian
army to enter East Pakistan• Within 6 days, India runs into East
Pakistan• The Navy gets its act together –
attacks Karachi – PT 15 missiles• Famous battle of Longewal• Pakistan accepts ceasefire and ends
the war
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Vietnam War•The longest and most unpopular
war ever fought by the United States
•58,000 Americans lost their lives•Financial cost to US: $150 bn•War Period: 1965 - 1973•Roots laid after World War II
when French rule returned to Indochina
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Vietnam War• Ho Chi Minh unable to convince USA
about his legitimate war against French
• French Generals and American Army expect Ho’s ragtag guerilla army to be defeated easily
• US supports South Vietnam in order to stem the spread of communism
• Ho’s determined effort to unite Vietnam drags USA into the war
• Vietnam finally unites on April 30, 1975
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Tiananmen Square
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Tiananmen Square• June 4 1989, Beijing•Students fight for democracy –
“Law, not Authoritarianism”•Deng Xaioping – averse to the
idea•Warning by US embassy against
use of force•3000 students killed when tanks
run over the peaceful protesters
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Khmer Rouge•The Khmer Rouge government
controls Cambodia from 1975 – 79•Pot Pot – leader of the Khmer
Rouge•More than a million Cambodians
died from hunger, execution and torture
•Major failure of human rights•Trials still going on – justice not
yet done
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Nepal – Murder & Monarchy
• June 1, 2001: Regicide of King Birendra & family at Royal Palace at Kathmandu
• 1945 – 2001 • The king was considered to be an
incarnation of Lord Vishnu• Crown Prince Dipendra responsible for
the tragedy – linked to Devyani Rana
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The Golden Triangle• Thailand, Burma and
Laos – Known as the Golden Triangle
• Prominent role in drug trade
• Opium produced here attracts European traders
• Considered an exotic land
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The Silk Route
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The Silk Route• One of the most significant
achievements in history of world civilization
• The Silk route served as important means of business relations between East and West
• Trade done in spices, precious stones, silver goods, byzantine cloth, turkic cloth
• One of the earliest traces of foreign trade
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Analysis
•Export Led growth is not always the best - it worsens the terms of the trade– Larger exports causes the countries to receive lower price for exports (also called immiserizing growth)
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Analysis
•Dependence on a single country is not a prudent strategy– Recession in the country may dampen receipts
– All East Asian Countries
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Analysis
•Improve your internal fundamentals– Improve productivity– Channel money and aid into proper ventures
– Increase consumption within the nation
– Thailand, S Korea, Indonesia
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Analysis
•Stronger trade links between the Asian countries– Don’t forget your brothers – An Asian Free Trade Union
– Don’t depend too much on one country
– At least, we can bail each other out
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Analysis
•Currency Depreciation– No more fixed currency– Good for exports– Not too good for imports; leads to increased productivity
– Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand
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Analysis
•Foreign Direct Investment– Long term flows– Welcome, FI Investments– Put a time period before they pull out
– Is it time for Tobin Tax?
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Analysis
•Capital Account Controls– It is time to impose controls on capital inflows and outflows
– South East Asian Crisis– The idea whose time has returned
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Analysis
•Improve infrastructure within the countries– Welcome the FDI Inflows– Leads to quicker development of the local industry
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Analysis
•Impact of Sept 11 attacks on Asia– Financial Market Channel– Capital Flows Channel– Trade and Terms of Trade Channel
– Service Sector Linkages
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Analysis
•A move from the recession is happening, albeit slowly– Inventory levels going down– Exports rising slowly but surely
– Various markets being tapped now
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Bibliography
•Far Eastern Economic Review•Taming Global Financial
Flows – Kanwaljit Singh• International Economics –
Robert Carbaugh• International Money &
Finance – Sukumar Nandi
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Bibliography
•www.aric.adb.org•www.feer.com•Asia Rising – Jim Rohwer•Remade in America – Jim Rohwer
•www.timeasia.com
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Our Special Thanks To
Technical Support
Sanjeev KumarManthan
BiyaniAmit Jhunjhunwala
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Our Special Thanks To
Download Support
Rujuta JagtapAbhinav
KumarPallavi Marathe
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Our Special Thanks To
And also to…Shilpa Patil
Namita MinochaAnd to many
others….For their immense support