Joseph E. Klapheke Mechanical Option Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters, Moon Township, PA Technical Assignment #1 Primary Consultant:

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ASHRAE Standard 62-2001 Ventilation Report

Joseph E. Klapheke

Technical Assignment #1 Department of Architectural Engineering

Mechanical Emphasis 10-06-04

Joseph E. Klapheke Mechanical Option Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters, Moon Township, PA Technical Assignment #1 Primary Consultant:

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Table of Contents Page Number Page 1 Title Page Page 2 Table of Contents Page 3 Executive Summary Page 4 Assumptions Page 5 Procedure Page 6 Sample Calculations Page 7 Discussion on Major Differences and Applicability of VRP and IAQP Page 7-12 Appendix A Page 13 Appendix B Page 14-15 Appendix C Page 16 Bibliography

Joseph E. Klapheke Mechanical Option Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters, Moon Township, PA Technical Assignment #1 Primary Consultant:

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Executive Summary

This summary will evaluate the Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters design

for its compliance with the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-

conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 62-2001. Proper design for ventilation

supply rates for systems serving multiple zones is given in Standard 62-2001. In order to

provide acceptable dilution of CO2, odors, particulate matter and other contaminants, the

standard suggests ventilation requirements for given types of spaces. The multiple spaces

equation (6.1.3.1) provides the basis for calculation within the report. Also, Table 2:

Outdoor Air Requirements for Ventilation of Commercial Facilities will be used for

maximum occupancy densities and ventilation rates.

As will be shown in the System and Building Summary, the individual air

handing units did not pass Standard 62 -2001. However, the building as a whole did pass

the standard. This can be attributed to the fact that the majority of the building does pass

the standard and very few of the rooms don’t.

Joseph E. Klapheke Mechanical Option Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters, Moon Township, PA Technical Assignment #1 Primary Consultant:

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Assumptions My assumptions include:

1.) ASHRAE Standard 62 6.1.1: Acceptable Outdoor Air 2.) ASHRAE Standard 62 6.1.3: Ventilation Requirements

- 6.1.3.1 Multiple Space Equation i. Y = X / (1 + X - Z) where:

1. Y = Vot / Vst = corrected fraction of outdoor air in system supply

2. X = Von / Vst = uncorrected fraction of outdoor air in system supply

3. Z = Voc / Vsc = fraction of outdoor air in critical space The critical space is that space with the greatest.

a. Vot = corrected total outdoor airflow rate b. Vst = total supply rate c. Von = sum of outdoor airflow rates for all

branches on system d. Voc = outdoor air flow rates required in critical

spaces e. Vsc = supply flow rate in critical spaces

ii. Table 2 which shows estimated maximum occupancies and outdoor air requirements

1. Neglect elevators 2. Neglect stairways

- 6.1.3.2 Recirculation Criteria i. The recirculated air should be considered cleaned adequately

enough to meet Air Quality Procedure 6.2 before being resupplied.

- 6.1.3.3 Ventilation Effectiveness, Ev i. Perfect Mixing Ev = 1.0

- No unusual indoor contaminant sources i. I won’t be including restrooms and janitor’s closets for my

Zcritical calculation.

Joseph E. Klapheke Mechanical Option Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters, Moon Township, PA Technical Assignment #1 Primary Consultant:

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Procedure In this report, Ventilation Rate Procedure (VRP) was used for calculating acceptable

indoor air quality. In order to use this procedure, the outside air must be acceptable for

ventilation. If not, the air must be treated and cleaned properly. Table 2 must be used to

find the corresponding maximum occupancy per 1000 s.f. So, floor areas are measured

and calculated. Then floor areas are to be classified by what they are used for. After

classification, the areas are used in conjunction with table 2 to find appropriate maximum

occupancies. The occupancies in potential critical spaces are calculated to find the

critical outdoor air fraction for the system. The corresponding ASHRAE of requirements

in cubic feet of air per minute (cfm/sf or cfm/person) were taken from table 2 and the

uncorrected outdoor air rates are calculated. The design supplies to each space are

recorded and summed together to produce the total supply rate. The X-value is calculated

which is the sum of outdoor airflow rates for all branches on system divide by total

supply rate. Then Zcritical can be found by calculating Z for each space. Z is the fraction

of outdoor air in a critical space. It can be calculated by outdoor air flow rates required in

critical spaces divided by supply flow rate in critical spaces. Y is then found by using the

multiple space equation. A summary is created and compared for the building.

Joseph E. Klapheke Mechanical Option Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters, Moon Township, PA Technical Assignment #1 Primary Consultant:

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Sample Calculations The critical space for AHU-1 is a conference room. Floor Area = 177 s.f. Maximum Occupancy = 50 people/1000 s.f. Maximum # Number = 4 Outdoor Air/Person = 20 cfm Diversity Factor = 0.7 Uncorrected Outdoor Air = 4*20*.07=56 cfm Air Flow on plans = 195 cfm Zcritical = 56/195 = .287 X = 958.1 cfm/18566 cfm = 0.051 Y = X/(1+X-Z) = 0.067 Design OA flow rate = 1393 cfm (44%) ASHRAE Required OA flow rate = 1249 cfm (39%) “Design”-“ASHRAE” = 5% Conclusion: AHU-1 does satisfy ASRHAE Standard 62-2001

Joseph E. Klapheke Mechanical Option Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters, Moon Township, PA Technical Assignment #1 Primary Consultant:

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Discussion on Major Differences and Applicability of VRP and IAQP The Ventilation Rate Procedure (VRP) is an indirect method of achieving acceptable air quality. By using established minimum ventilation rates for various occupancy types and space uses a building is supposedly acceptable to live and work in. In Standard 62-2001, Section 6.1.3, people in indoor spaces are generally comfortable when the ventilation rates make the produced CO2 from humans below 700 ppm. This is achieved by using enough outdoor air in the supply air to the space. This also provides an excellent diffusion of contaminants including: odors, biological aerosols and particulates. The Indoor Air Quality Procedure (IAQP) is a direct method of achieving acceptable air quality. From Standard 62-2001, Section 6.2.2, this is based on subjective evaluations of odor. By measuring and monitoring various levels of contaminants, more emphasis is placed on ensuring acceptable air quality to determine a minimum ventilation rate. IAQP must be ran and monitored continually after the building is constructed in order to achieve proper air quality. Where VRP supposedly achieves proper air quality from design before construction and doesn’t need as much monitoring as an IAQP system. This is a major reason why VRP is used more in system design.

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Appendix A Note: Diversity Factor = 0.7

AHU-1 Room Name Space

Floor Area

Max. Occu.

Max. Occu.

OA req.

OA req.

Uncorrected OA

Supply Air Z

(type) (sf) (people/1000 sf)

(people)

(cfm/person)

(cfm/sf) (cfm) (cfm) Critical

A-Exec Office 221 7 2 20 21.658 600 0.036 A1-Seg Office 165 7 1 20 16.17 450 0.036 A-Exec Office 186 7 1 20 18.228 510 0.036 A1-Seg Office 162 7 1 20 15.876 450 0.035 B-CCM Office 130 7 1 20 12.74 450 0.028 A-Exec Office 184 7 1 20 18.032 510 0.035 B-CCM Office 133 7 1 20 13.034 400 0.033 B1-GM Office 113 7 1 20 11.074 230 0.048 B1-GM Office 113 7 1 20 11.074 230 0.048

Conference Conference 220 50 11 20 154 250 0.616 Storage Storage 107 15 2 0.15 11.235 100 0.112

Conference Conference 177 50 9 20 123.9 195 0.635 Copy/Mail/

Kitchen Kitchen 317 20 6 15 66.57 250 0.266 Open Office Office 1640 7 11 20 160.72 1255 0.128 Open Office Office 1777 7 12 20 174.146 3080 0.057

Conference Conference 800 50 40 20 560 2640 0.212 Storage Storage 91 15 1 0.15 9.555 130 0.074 B1-GM Office 112 7 1 20 10.976 130 0.084 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 350 0.031 B1-GM Office 115 7 1 20 11.27 350 0.032 B1-GM Office 111 7 1 20 10.878 350 0.031 A1-Seg Office 170 7 1 20 16.66 325 0.051 A1-Seg Office 170 7 1 20 16.66 325 0.051 A-Exec Office 243 7 2 20 23.814 740 0.032 B-CCM Office 118 7 1 20 11.564 420 0.028 B-CCM Office 116 7 1 20 11.368 420 0.027 Open Office Office 1890 7 13 20 185.22 2250 0.082 B1-GM Office 75 7 1 20 7.35 465 0.016 B1-GM Office 111 7 1 20 10.878 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 109 7 1 20 10.682 400 0.027

X = 0.093 Y = 0.203 AHU-1a Room Space Floor Max. Max. OA OA Uncorrected Supply Z

Joseph E. Klapheke Mechanical Option Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters, Moon Township, PA Technical Assignment #1 Primary Consultant:

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Name Area Occu. Occu. req. req. OA Air

(type) (sf) (people/1000 sf)

(people)

(cfm/person)

(cfm/sf) (cfm) (cfm) Critical

B1-GM Office 137 7 1 20 13.426 465 0.029 B1-GM Office 112 7 1 20 10.976 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 111 7 1 20 10.878 400 0.027 Open Office Office 4965 7 35 20 486.57 3760 0.129 B1-GM Office 118 7 1 20 11.564 400 0.029 B1-GM Office 118 7 1 20 11.564 400 0.029 B1-GM Office 118 7 1 20 11.564 400 0.029 Storage Storage 120 0 0.15 12.6 135 0.093 Storage Storage 120 0 0.15 12.6 135 0.093

Conference Conference 165 50 8 20 115.5 195 0.592 Copy/Mail/

Kitchen Kitchen 334 20 7 15 70.14 270 0.260 Conference Conference 165 50 8 20 115.5 195 0.592

B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 175 0.062 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 175 0.062 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 175 0.062 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 115 0.094 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 100 0.108 Open Office Office 1155 7 8 20 113.19 1075 0.105

Storage Storage 86 0 0.15 9.03 175 0.052 B1-GM Office 111 7 1 20 10.878 155 0.070 Open Office Office 1714 7 12 20 167.972 2225 0.075 Mail Office 278 7 2 20 27.244 375 0.073

Conference Office 331 7 2 20 32.438 500 0.065 Corridor Corridor 802 0 0.05 28.07 400 0.070 Storage Storage 300 0 0.15 31.5 270 0.117 Office Office 300 7 2 20 29.4 440 0.067

Storage Storage 440 0 0.15 46.2 640 0.072 Conference Conference 260 50 13 20 182 320 0.569

Kitchen Kitchen 90 20 2 15 18.9 100 0.189 B1-GM Office 112 7 1 20 10.976 175 0.063 B1-GM Office 112 7 1 20 10.976 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 112 7 1 20 10.976 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 112 7 1 20 10.976 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 115 7 1 20 11.27 190 0.059 Open Office Office 3308 7 23 20 324.184 3400 0.095

X = 0.104 Y = 0.204 AHU-2 Room Name Space

Floor Area

Max. Occu.

Max. Occu.

OA req.

OA req.

Uncorrected OA

Supply Air Z

Joseph E. Klapheke Mechanical Option Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters, Moon Township, PA Technical Assignment #1 Primary Consultant:

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(type) (sf) (people/1000 sf)

(people)

(cfm/person)

(cfm/sf) (cfm) (cfm) Critical

B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 Open Office Office 6891 7 48 20 675.318 8350 0.081

Storage Storage 125 0 0.15 13.125 140 0.094 Storage Storage 125 0 0.15 13.125 140 0.094

Conference Conference 170 50 9 20 119 210 0.567 Kitchen Kitchen 255 20 5 15 53.55 140 0.383 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 175 0.062

Conference Conference 326 50 16 20 228.2 520 0.439 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 175 0.062 Open Office Office 6588 7 46 20 645.624 7810 0.083 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 190 0.057 Storage Storage 72 0 0.15 0 230 0.000

Data Data 140 60 8 20 117.6 200 0.588 Data Data 367 60 22 20 308.28 330 0.934

Conference Conference 170 50 9 20 119 205 0.580 X = 0.111 Y = 0.628

AHU-2a Room Name Space

Floor Area

Max. Occu.

Max. Occu.

OA req.

OA req.

Uncorrected OA

Supply Air Z

(type) (sf) (people/1000 sf)

(people)

(cfm/person)

(cfm/sf) (cfm) (cfm) Critical

B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 Open Office Office 6891 7 48 20 675.318 8350 0.081

Storage Storage 125 0 0.15 13.125 140 0.094 Storage Storage 125 0 0.15 13.125 140 0.094

Conference Conference 170 50 9 20 119 210 0.567 Kitchen Kitchen 255 20 5 15 53.55 140 0.383 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 175 0.062

Conference Conference 326 50 16 20 228.2 520 0.439 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 175 0.062 Open Office Office 6588 7 46 20 645.624 7810 0.083

Joseph E. Klapheke Mechanical Option Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters, Moon Township, PA Technical Assignment #1 Primary Consultant:

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B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 190 0.057 Storage Storage 72 0 0.15 7.56 230 0.033

Data Data 140 60 8 20 117.6 200 0.588 Conference Conference 170 50 9 20 119 205 0.580

X = 0.099 Y = 0.193 AHU-3

Room Name Space

Floor Area

Max. Occu.

Max. Occu.

OA req.

OA req.

Uncorrected OA

Supply Air Z

(type) (sf) (people/1000 sf)

(people)

(cfm/person)

(cfm/sf) (cfm) (cfm) Critical

B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 Open Office Office 6891 7 48 20 675.318 8350 0.081

Storage Storage 125 0 0.15 13.125 140 0.094 Storage Storage 125 0 0.15 13.125 140 0.094

Conference Conference 170 50 9 20 119 210 0.567 Kitchen Kitchen 255 20 5 15 53.55 140 0.383 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 175 0.062

Conference Conference 326 50 16 20 228.2 520 0.439 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 175 0.062 Open Office Office 6588 7 46 20 645.624 7810 0.083 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 190 0.057 Storage Storage 72 0 0.15 7.56 230 0.033

Data Data 140 60 8 20 117.6 200 0.588 Conference Conference 170 50 9 20 119 205 0.580

X = 0.097 Y = 0.187 AHU-3a Room Name Space

Floor Area

Max. Occu.

Max. Occu.

OA req.

OA req.

Uncorrected OA

Supply Air Z

(type) (sf) (people/1000 sf)

(people)

(cfm/person)

(cfm/sf) (cfm) (cfm) Critical

B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027

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B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 400 0.027 Open Office Office 6891 7 48 20 675.318 8350 0.081

Storage Storage 125 0 0.15 13.125 140 0.094 Storage Storage 125 0 0.15 13.125 140 0.094

Conference Conference 170 50 9 20 119 210 0.567 Kitchen Kitchen 255 20 5 15 53.55 140 0.383 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 175 0.062

Conference Conference 326 50 16 20 228.2 520 0.439 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 175 0.062 Open Office Office 6588 7 46 20 645.624 7810 0.083 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 330 0.033 B1-GM Office 110 7 1 20 10.78 190 0.057 Storage Storage 72 0 0.15 7.56 230 0.033

Data Data 140 60 8 20 117.6 200 0.588 Conference Conference 170 50 9 20 119 205 0.580

X = 0.097 Y = 0.190

Joseph E. Klapheke Mechanical Option Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters, Moon Township, PA Technical Assignment #1 Primary Consultant:

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Appendix B

Original Design

ASHRAE Design

Unit Supply Air Outside Air Actual OA Supply Air Outside Air Actual OA

Name (cfm) (cfm) (%) (cfm) (cfm) (%) Satisfy

62? AHU-1 18655 958.79 0.05139587 18655 958.79 0.06725304 No AHU-1a 19325 1732.5 0.08965071 19325 1732.5 0.11171829 No AHU-2 21635 1468.81 0.06789046 21635 1468.81 0.08542692 No AHU-2a 21305 1454.81 0.06828491 21305 1454.81 0.08662466 No AHU-3 21705 1468.81 0.0676715 21705 1468.81 0.08516421 No AHU-3a 21705 1468.81 0.0676715 21705 1468.81 0.07309112 No Overall 124330 8552.53 0.06878895 124330 8552.53 0.06436158 Yes

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Appendix C ZONE LEVEL Zones served

by system Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6

Space type (select from pull-down list)

Office space

Office space

Office space

Office space

Office space

Office space

Az Floor area of zone, ft2

16556 16556 16990 16990 16990 16990

Pz Zone population, largest # of people expected to occupy zone

80 80 90 90 95 95

Rp Area outdoor air rate from Table 6.1, cfm/ft2 5 5 5 5 5 5

Ra People outdoor air rate from Table 6.1, cfm/person 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

Pz*Rp

400 400 450 450 475 475

Az*Ra

993.36 993.36 1019.4 1019.4 1019.4 1019.4

Ez Zone air distribution effectiveness, Table 6.2

1 1 1 1

1 1 Voz Outdoor airflow

to the zone corrected for zone air distribution effectiveness, (Pz*Rp + Az*Ra)/Ez, cfm

1393 1393 1469 1469 1494.4 1494.4

Vpz Primary airflow to zone from air handler. In VAV systems, use the design value. cfm

12000 12000 13500 13500 14250 14250

Vpzm The minimum value of the primary airflow to zone from air handler. In CAV systems, Vpzm = Vpz. cfm

3150 3150 3150 3150 3150 3150

Joseph E. Klapheke Mechanical Option Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters, Moon Township, PA Technical Assignment #1 Primary Consultant:

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Zp Primary outdoor air fraction, Voz/Vpzm

0.44 0.44 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47

SYSTEM LEVEL Ps System

population, maximum simultaneious # of occupants of space served by system

575

D Occupant

diversity, ratio of system peak occupancy to sum of space peak occupancies, = Ps/ΣPz

1.08

Vou Uncorrected

outdoor air intake, = D*ΣRp*Pz +ΣRa*Az, cfm

8939

Xs Mixing ratio at

primary air handler of uncorrected outdoor air intake to system primary flow, = Vou/Vps

0.11 Not used in calculation

SYSTEM EFFICIENCY Max Zp

Max Zp 0.47

Ev System ventilation efficiency, Table 6.3 based on maxZp

0.60

Percent outdoor air intake Vot Minimum

outdoor air intake, Vou/Ev, cfm

14899 29% = Vot/Sum of Vpz

Joseph E. Klapheke Mechanical Option Michael Baker Corporation Headquarters, Moon Township, PA Technical Assignment #1 Primary Consultant:

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Bibliography 1.) ASHRAE-IESNA Standard 62-2001. ASHRAE Incorporated, Atlanta, GA. 2001