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Transcript of ASEES-Energy and Sustainability-Cosme de Arana-Pablo Caballero
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THE GREEN BRIDGE FOR TECHNOLOGY EXCHANGE BETWEEN CHINA AND SPAIN
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY:OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
UNITED INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE (UIC)
ZHUHAI , 20 APRIL 2012
COSME DE ARANA
PABLO CABALLERO
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ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
1 INTRODUCING ASEES
2 THE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY MODEL
3 TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABILITY
4 OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
1 INTRODUCING ASEES
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ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
Sustainability Meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to
provide for themselves
Protecting the environment while also elevating the
social and economic status of everyone in thecommunity
Sustainability will be the fundamental problem to be solved
in the XXI century:
Governments : Increased responsibility to develop theproper responses to the global challenges, handling the
new technologies appropriately.
Companies: Incorporate sustainable environmentalpractices in their business models.
INTRODUCING ASEES
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ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
The energy resources depletion and environmentaldamage are the greatest challenges that mankind will everface China has emerged as a leading country to promote agreen economy
Great achievements: World leader in renewableenergy technology
Largest wind power and hydro power capacity
installed in the world
Several of the main manufacturers of solar
panels and wind turbines
INTRODUCING ASEES
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ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
11 FIVE YEAR PLAN set a target of 20% in energyintensity reduction and it was accomplished12 FIVE YEAR PLAN sets ambitious targets for 2015to improve the energy conservation and environmental
protection, including:Increasing renewable energy up to 11.4% of the
primary energy
Decreasing carbon intensity by 17%;
Decreasing water intensity by 30%;
And, Increasing forest coverage rate to 21.7%;
INTRODUCING ASEES
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ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
Spain, on its side, has been a pioneer country in thedevelopment of renewable energy for the last decades, and
its a global leader both from an industrial and a
technological point of view.
It has the largest Concentrated Solar Power installedcapacity in the world, with more than 1,000 MW inoperation and other 1.000 MW under construction.
Its the 2nd country in photovoltaic energy installed,with almost 4,000 MW
Its the 4th in wind energy with more than 20,000MW installed, which provide a major share of the
energy mix in Spain
Its 4th in the total renewable energy installedexcluding hydro power, with 26.000 MW
More than 100.000 jobs and over 4,000 companies ofdifferent sizes and activity operate in this sector.
Many R&D centers have been established in this sector
INTRODUCING ASEES
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ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
The present moment is critical for both China and Spain: China is facing future energy and environmentalchallenges,
Spain is up against a structural crisis of its economicmodel that must be overcome through innovation and
boosting the sectors where it has global leadership.
The Sino-Spanish Association for Energy and Sustainability(ASEES) opens a direct channel between Spain and China inthe energy and environment sectors to transform this triple
crisis into a triple opportunity for both countries, combining
Energy, Environment and Economy.
This collaborative platform will build bridges between our
countries to achieve a more sustainable future by
strengthening an intelligent bilateral cooperation
INTRODUCING ASEES
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ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
ASEES (Sino-Spanish Association for Energy andSustainability) is a non-governmental and non-profit
institution.
Working in sectors that concern sustainable development
Renewable EnergyEnergy Efficiency
Environment
I + D + I
Promotes bilateral cooperation between Spain and China.
ASEES is a platform for technological exchange and
promotes the creation of strategic alliances.
INTRODUCING ASEES
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ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
2 THE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY MODEL
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IS THIS ENERGY MODEL SUSTAINABLE?
Tolerable Environmental Impact
Economic Development (Reliable
access to lasting energy sources)
Socially Fair. Equal access to
modern energy for everybody
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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Tolerable Environmental Impact
Economic Development (Reliable
access to lasting energy sources)
Socially Fair. Equal access to
modern energy for everybody
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
IS THIS ENERGY MODEL SUSTAINABLE?
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Energy Demand
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
PREDICTABLE LACK OF ENERGY SOURCES
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Population Growth & Primary energy supply
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
PREDICTABLE LACK OF ENERGY SOURCES
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Energy Resources
COAL
GAS
OIL
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
PREDICTABLE LACK OF ENERGY SOURCES
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Peak Oil
Possible Future Oil Production Path
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
PREDICTABLE LACK OF ENERGY SOURCES
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Uranium resources (Years)
Energy Demand (%) VS 2005 demand
Nucle
arContribution(%
)
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
PREDICTABLE LACK OF ENERGY SOURCES
Nuclear power
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CO2 Concentration (600,000yr)
INTOLERABLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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CO2 Concentration - Temperature (600,000yr)
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
INTOLERABLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
INTOLERABLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Environmental Consequences
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Failing crops
Melting glaciers Sea level raise
Desiccating land
Dying species
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
INTOLERABLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Environmental Consequences
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ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
INTOLERABLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Average per capita emissions 2005
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Land Area
UNEQUAL ACCESS TO ENERGY
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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Total Population
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
UNEQUAL ACCESS TO ENERGY
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Electricity Production
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
UNEQUAL ACCESS TO ENERGY
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Fuel Use
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
UNEQUAL ACCESS TO ENERGY
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Carbon Emissions
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
UNEQUAL ACCESS TO ENERGY
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ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
UNEQUAL ACCESS TO ENERGY
Human Development Index
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Electricity deprivation
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
UNEQUAL ACCESS TO ENERGY
(reference case IEA WEO 2004)
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3 TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABILITY
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
TRADITIONAL BIOMASS COAL OIL, GAS AND ELECTRICITY
Biomass-based energy
supply
Start of industrydevelopment with steam
machine and coal
(UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2011)
ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES EVOLUTION
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
TRADITIONAL BIOMASS COAL OIL, GAS AND ELECTRICITY
(UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2011)
Coal is the most used
energy source
Transportation and
electricity development
starts
Increase of population
and set of oil based
economy
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES EVOLUTION
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
TRADITIONAL BIOMASS COAL OIL, GAS AND ELECTRICITY
(UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2011)
Fossil resources
production to decrease
Computering and
communication
development
Alternative energy
technologies R&D
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES EVOLUTION
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
GgoC
reference scenario 550 ppm scenario 450 ppm scenario
(IEA, 2009)
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABILITY
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EFFICIENCY
RENEWABLES
EMISSIONSCONTROL
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABILITY
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RENEWABLES
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
A MATTER OF ENVIRONMENT BALANCE: ITS ABOUT NATUREELEMENTS CYCLE. RENEWABLES HAVE NO DIRECT CO2 EMISSIONS.
A MATTER OF TIME AND QUANTITY: 200 YEARS OFCONVENTIONAL BUT THOUSAND OF MILLIONS YEARS OF SUN
A MATTER OF COSTS: ALTERNATIVE ENERGIES PRICE IS GOING DOWNWHILE CONVENTIONAL IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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RENEWABLES
SUN
MOON
EARTH
80000 TW THERMAL AND PHOTONIC
370 TW WIND, CURRENTS AND WAVES
40000 TW WATER CYCLE
40 TW PHOTOSYNTHESIS
30 TW GEOTHERMAL
3 TW TIDE
ABSORBEDRADIATION
120000
TW
EARTHS
INTERNAL
HEAT
30 TW
GRAVITATION
3TW
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
HUMAN
DEMAND
13 TW
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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RENEWABLES
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
80000 TW THERMAL
AND PHOTONIC
CONCENTRATING
SOLAR POWER
(CSP)
SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC
(PV)
SOLAR THERMAL
Transforms solar radiation directly
into electricity
17% efficiency
Concentrates solar radiation with
mirrors and heats water at high
temperature.
Use steam turbines and can be
combined with biomass supply.
Concentrates solar radiation and
heat water at low temperature.
Easy individual installation for
household use.
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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RENEWABLES
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
40000 TW WATER CYCLE
LARGE
HYDROPOWER
SMALL
HYDROPOWER
Converts potential of stored water
in great dams into electricity
High efficiency but important
landscape and social consequences
Takes advantage of small hydraulicdrops and water flows
Small scale consequences
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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RENEWABLES
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
370 TW
WIND, CURRENTS AND
WAVES
WIND POWER
OCEAN CURRENTS
POWER
WAVE POWER
Turbines and generators
transform wind movement
directly into electricity Management needs due to
wind speed changes
The waves movement pumps oil
into an engine with a power
generator
Nascent stage market
Operation is similar to wind
turbines
Research stage: proper
materials needed under sea
conditions.
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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RENEWABLES
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
40 TW PHOTOSYNTHESIS
BIOGAS
BIOETHANOL
BIODIESEL
Anaerobic digestion process
makes gas from biomass waste
Heating and power uses arepossible
Fermentation and distillation
process from plants
Can be used as fuel in gasoline
engines.
Esterification process from oily
plants
Can be used as fuel in diesel
engines.
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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RENEWABLES
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
30 TW GEOTHERMAL
HIGH
TEMPERATURE
LOWTEMPERATURE
High temperature water is
used to direct heating or powergeneration (by means of a steam
turbine).
Some of the sources difficult to
reach
Uses the ground to evacuate
or transmit heat. Convenient for electric heating
pumps installations
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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RENEWABLES
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
3 TW TIDE TIDAL POWER
Water dam store water when
tide is high and generates power
when tide is low.
Other similar systems are
being developed.
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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EFFICIENCY
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
IF RENEWABLE ENERGIES ARE TO BE DEVELOPED IN TODAYS
ECONOMY, WE STILL NEED FOSSIL FUEL TO SUPPORT THEM.
IN A HARD ENERGY SUPPLY CONTEXT, ITS IMPORTANT
TO TAKE ADVANTAGE FROM ENERGY RESOURCESAS MUCH AS WE CAN
IN GENERAL. NOT TO WASTE USEFUL PLANET RESOURCES
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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EFFICIENCY
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
ENERGY
SUPPLY
ENERGY
DEMAND
ENERGY
SOURCE
ENERGY USE
LOSS
LOSS
LOSS
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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EFFICIENCY
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
ENERGY
SUPPLY
ENERGY
DEMAND
ENERGY
SOURCE
ENERGY USE
LOSS
LOSS
LOSSEFFICIENCY
IMPROVEMENT
EFFICIENCYIMPROVEMENT
EFFICIENCY
IMPROVEMENT
Related to intelligent
use of energy. For
example: close
windows when air
conditioning is working.Related to efficient
consumption. For example:
use high efficiency
equipment.
Related to efficient
production. For example:
super-critical steam
turbines cycle and
combined heat and power.
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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EFFICIENCY
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
ENERGY EFFICIENCY=[USEFUL ENERGY]
[USEFUL ENERGY] + [LOSS]
HIGH EFFICIENCY= [OLD USEFUL ENERGY+ EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT][OLD USEFUL ENERGY] + [OLD LOSS EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT]
LOW EFFICIENCY= [USEFUL ENERGY][USEFUL ENERGY] + [LOSS]
BEST EFFICIENCY= [OLD USEFUL ENERGY+ EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT + USEFUL LOSS][OLD USEFUL ENERGY] + [OLD LOSS EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTUSEFUL LOSS]
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLES
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
GENERAL EFFICIENCY= [WHAT YOU GET][WHAT IS NEEDED TO GET IT]
COAL FIRED STEAM TURBINE=[33 ENERGY UNITS OF POWER]
[100 ENERGY UNITS OF COAL S HEATING VALUE]
PV SOLAR MODULE=[17 ENERGY UNITS OF POWER]
[100 ENERGY UNITS OF SOLAR RADIATION]
COAL FIRED STEAM TURBINE= [COST OF 33 ENERGY UNITS OF POWER]
[COST OF100 ENERGY UNITS OF COAL]
PV SOLAR MODULE=[COST OF17 ENERGY UNITS OF POWER]
[COST OF 100 ENERGY UNITS OF SOLAR RADIATION]
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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EMISSIONS CONTROL
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
CO2
SO2
NOx
ENVIRONMENT
ANTROPOGENIC
ENERGY
ACTIVITIES
FOSSIL FUELS COMBUSTION
PROCESSES INCREASE THE
CONCENTRATION OF SOMESUBSTANCES TO DANGEROUS
LEVELS.
ITS IMPORTANT TO
MONITORIZE AIR QUALITY.CONSEQUENCES FOR THE
ENVIRONMENT, BUT ALSO
FOR HUMAN HEALTH.
BESIDE RENEWABLES AND
EFFICIENCY, OTHER
MEASURES MUST BE TAKEN TOAVOID THE INCREASE OF THIS
SUBSTANCES ON THE
ENVIRONMENT.
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EMISSIONS CONTROL
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT GASES
CO2 is the most emmited GHG and the main source is fossil fuelsburning processes.
Methane management is also important, GHG. Could be usedfor energy purpose as well.
Carbon Sequestration and Storage (CCS) isanother research field.
NOX, SO2 AND PARTICULATE MATTER
Oil and coal direct burning is the main cause of this type of
emissions.
Gasification of coal is an option to make the processcleaner.
De-Sox and De-NOx systems and Particulate control systemsare needed at the great emitters like thermal power plants.
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4 OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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HYDRONUCLEAROTHERS
OIL
COAL
GAS
POWERPRIMARY
INDUSTRY
TRANSPORT
HOUSEHOLDS
&SERVICES
LOSS
USED
CHINAS ENERGY BALANCE
N RG N SUST IN ILIT : OPPORTUNITI S IN CHIN
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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TARGETS 2011-2015
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
MTper
year
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
MTperyear
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
MTper
year
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.001.20
1.40
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
EnergyIntensity
tce/10000RMB
)
8% reduction
17% reduction
16% reduction
10% reduction
SO2Energy Intensity
CO2
NOx
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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OPPORTUNITIES SECTORS
POWER GENERATIONINTEGRATE RENEWABLES IN A SMART GRID SYSTEM
EFFICIENCY AT CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS
EMISSION CONTROL MEASURES AT THERMAL POWER PLANTS
INDUSTRY MORE EFFICIENT PROCESSES AT HIGH ENERGY INTENSITY
INDUSTRIES
USE OF WASTE ENERGY
TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRIC/HYBRID VEHICLES DEVELOPMENT OF BIOFUELS
HOUSEHOLDS AND SERVICES SUSTAINABLE DESIGN & MATERIALS
EFFICIENT HEATING, LIGHTING & ELECTRIC DEVICES
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POWER GENERATION
HYDRO
NUCLEAR
OTHERS
OIL
COAL
GAS
POWER
PRODUCED
LOSS
Power production in China more than 80% from thermal
plants. A modern smart grid needed for the increasing demand
management and intermitent energies integration.
Nuclear is also part of the new capacity installation plans.
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POWER GENERATION
SECTOR CURRENT 2020WIND 44,7 GW 200 GWSOLAR PV 0,8 GW 20 GWHYDRO 213 GW 380 GWBIOMASS 5,5 GW 30 GWGEOTHERMAL 24 MW -
China is a world leader at wind turbines and PV modules
production.
Offshorewind power is to be developed in the next years.
New big hydro capacity is recently been constructed.
Biomass fired power plants using direct combustion of agriculture
and forestry waste.
Solar CSP and other technologies still in nascent phase in China
RENEWABLES
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POWER GENERATION
EFFICIENCY
2007 2020Ciclo Subcrtico 464 GW 700 GWCiclo Supercrtico 50 GW 210 GWCiclo ultra-supercrtico 10 GW 85 GWCombined Heat and Power - 200 GW
With supercritical cycles efficiency could increase from 38% to 45%.
CHP has interesting opportunities on the areas with high heat and
electric demand. Energy efficiency can be increased in 30%. Subtitution of small oil fired power plants by gas fired plants with
waste industrial gas like Coal Mine Methane.
Ultra-High Voltage Current systems for reducing power transport
losses. Big storage systems with vanadium redox batteries.
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POWER GENERATION
EMISSIONS CONTROL
2007 2020Coal Fired Thermal Power 524 GW 1040 GWIntegrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) 0 GW 45 GWFlue-gas desulfurization system (FGD) 270 GW 750 GW
Coal gasification is good combined with Carbon
Capture and Sequestration (CCS). They can make
coal combustion clean.
Post combustion FGD systems are needed for
old coal fired plants.
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INDUSTRY
OIL
COAL
GAS
POWER
INDUSTRY
LOSS
USED
50% of the primary energy consumption comes
from industry.
Metal processing industry is the major consumer
Coal is the main energy source tobe used in the main
industrial processes
OTHERS
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY: OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
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INDUSTRY
EFFICIENCYGlobal Energy Use per Ton (Kg of Coal
Equivalent)Internatio
nalreference
China Improvementpotential
Target2010-2020
Steel 642 741 15% 4%
Caustic soda 345 461 34% 7%
Concrete 102 156 53% 13%
Refined Oil 73 104 42% 17%
Aluminium 14.100 14.795 5% 3%
The five major consumers at industry still
have efficiency improvement potential. China has already achieved 20% on the
energy intensity reduction during the 11th Five-
year plan.
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TRANSPORT
OILUSED
TRANSPORT LOSS
COAL&OTHERS
Oil based fuels are the major source of energy at
transportation sector.
Development of bioethanol and biodiesel are a
energy supply alternative.
Hybrid and electric cars are a great field todevelop new models of transportation and power
management.
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HOUSEHOLDS & SERVICES
OIL
COAL
GAS
POWER
HOUSEHOLDS
&SERVICES
USEDLOSS
Sustainable design need to reduce
buildings energy consumption.
Renewables integration: solar PV, solar
thermal, small wind turbines. Eficient heating and LED lighting.
Smart buildings.
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0
24
6
8
10
12
14
16
1820
China UninEuropea
EstadosUnidos
Japon
2008
2009
2010
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
m2
THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Commercial and non-
commercial new
constructions trend
New vehicles marketin China
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ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY:
OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA
THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION