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Introduction In this topic you will study different aspects of family life and friendships. You will practise using a dictionary and learn how to build up your own vocabulary and grammar. You will study the present tense and the imperative, and get an overview of the most common tenses. You will read a passage on friendship. If you haven’t studied French for a while and need to refresh your memory before starting on your first topic, you may like to do some activities in Passerelle, the introductory unit in Elan (pp.6–17). You should do Activity 1 on p. 6, Activities 1 and 2 and Grammaire on p. 9, Activities 1a, 1b and 1c on p. 10, Activities 2a, 2b and Grammaire on p. 11, Activities 1a, 1b and 2 on p. 12, Activity 4 and Grammaire on p. 13, Activities 1a and 1b on p. 14, Activities 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5a and Compétences (1) on p. 15, Activities 2 and 4 on p. 16 and 1a and 1b on p. 17. As you start the course, please note that you will need a pen, a folder, filofax or booklet, a CD player and something to record your speaking activities, such as a cassette recorder or an MP3 player. Objectives By the end of this topic you should be able to: recognise common tenses use the imperative use a bilingual dictionary use the present tense accurately. 1 © National Extension College Trust Ltd TOPIC 1 Famille et amis You will probably need 4–5 hours to complete this topic.

Transcript of As French Course Sample (A100801T)[1]

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Introduction

In this topic you will study different aspects of family life and friendships. You willpractise using a dictionary and learn how to build up your own vocabulary andgrammar. You will study the present tense and the imperative, and get anoverview of the most common tenses. You will read a passage on friendship.

If you haven’t studied French for a while and need to refresh yourmemory before starting on your first topic, you may like to do someactivities in Passerelle, the introductory unit in Elan (pp.6–17). You

should do Activity 1 on p.6, Activities 1 and 2 and Grammaire on p.9, Activities1a, 1b and 1c on p.10, Activities 2a, 2b and Grammaire on p.11, Activities 1a,1b and 2 on p.12, Activity 4 and Grammaire on p.13, Activities 1a and 1b onp.14, Activities 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5a and Compétences (1) on p.15, Activities 2and 4 on p.16 and 1a and 1b on p.17.

As you start the course, please note that you will need a pen, a folder, filofax orbooklet, a CD player and something to record your speaking activities, such as acassette recorder or an MP3 player.

Objectives

By the end of this topic you should be able to:

recognise common tenses

use the imperative

use a bilingual dictionary

use the present tense accurately.

1© National Extension College Trust Ltd

TOPIC

1Famille et amis

You will probablyneed 4–5 hoursto complete thistopic.

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En famille et entre amis

The first section in Unit 1 in Elan (pp.18–19) offers a good introduction tothe topic. Do activity 3.

The next section is La vie de famille (pp.20–1). First read the passage Lafamille: plus ça change… and do activities 2c, 3b and 4. Study carefully theGrammaire section on inversion, and do activities A and B on registers inCompétences.

Building up your vocabulary

Once you have read a text for comprehension, you should study it again moreclosely to learn from it. The new vocabulary and grammatical structures it usesare in context and therefore easier to understand and remember.

Here are a few tips about how to build up your vocabulary through reading:

Look up any word you don’t know or aren’t sure about in the dictionary.

Decide if it’s a word you want to make your own, that is whether it’s a wordyou may like to use yourself when the opportunity arises. At this stage,there is no point in trying to learn unusual words or you’ll soon bediscouraged by the amount of new vocabulary you come across. Justconcentrate on useful words.

If it’s a word you want to learn, make a note of it. Use a folder, a filofax, abooklet or your computer – anything you find practical and easy to refer to.

Divide your folder, booklet or computer file into sections. It will be usefulfor revision later on if you have a section per topic and a section for moregeneral vocabulary. So your first section will be ‘Famille et amis’.

Record words which belong together, e.g. verbs and nouns and/oradjectives, synonyms and antonyms (i.e. opposites).

Choose the method you like best. I like to write the words I want to learnon the right-hand page of a little notebook and their translation on thenext, left-hand, page. In this way I can start by learning the new foreignwords and then I can test myself by looking at the English translation andsee how many I remember and which words I still have to work on.

Have you met any vocabulary in La vie de famille you’d like to learn? If so, startyour list straightaway and/or look for other useful vocabulary in the nextsections.

Now back to working with Elan:

In Amitié ou conflit? (pp.22–3), you’ll find reading and listening activities,and you will have a chance to explore the use of definite and indefinitearticles, so do activities A, B and C in the Grammaire section. You shouldalso do activities 1b and 2 and read the advice on how to use a monolingualdictionary in Compétences and do Activity A.

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In Pour ou contre le mariage? (pp.24–5), study the adjectives listed on p.24and note the feminine endings. Then do Activities A, B, C and D in theGrammaire section – you will get more practice at using adjectives later inthe course (Topic 5) – and 3a, 3b (see ‘coping with tenses’ below).

Finally, in La famille en crise? (pp.26–7) you should find Activities 1a, 1b,1c, 2a, 2b and 3 useful. Try to read aloud the figures in 1b and in the fourlittle texts – figures are never easy to use in a foreign language, so do nothesitate to read them aloud several times until you can say them with morefluency.

Study Compétences, which gives you advice on how to structure argumentsfor a debate.

Coping with tenses

As you work through this course, you will have a chance to revise tenses andincrease your knowledge of how to form them and how to use them, includingirregular verbs – e.g. in this topic you will revise the present tense. However, asyou may have noticed when reading Croyez-vous en l’importance du mariage? onp.25 in Elan, you will meet a variety of tenses right from the beginning. It isimportant to recognise them.

Activity 1

Re-read Croyez-vous en l’importance du mariage? on p.25 in Elan. Try to find examples of thetenses below. Write them down in the appropriate column and translate them.

Future Present conditional Perfect Imperfect

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The perfect and the imperfectThese two past tenses are easy to recognise. The perfect is built with avoir or êtreand the past participle, while the imperfect is built by adding the endings -ais,-ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient on the stem given by the nous form of the presenttense, e.g. nous faisons, stem = fais.

The future and the conditionalBoth these tenses are also easy to recognise because they are the only tenseswhich have their endings added to the infiitive, so they have an ‘r’ before theirendings, e.g. compare ça donnait (imperfect) and ça donnerait (conditional); inthe case of préférer, je préférais is the imperfect while je préférerais is theconditional. The future has the endings -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez,-ont while the conditional has the same endings as the imperfect.

Depending on your previous knowledge, you may find these explanationsobvious or, on the contrary, a little overwhelming. If the latter is the case, don’tworry, you will get lots of opportunity to practise tenses. But bear in mind thatone of your goals must be to differentiate between these tenses and to use themyourself appropriately.

Finally, in the last paragraph of Croyez-vous en l’importance du mariage? you’ll findan example of the subjunctive which you will learn properly towards the end ofthe course. Can you spot it? It is soient (third person plural of être).

The imperative

The text below gives advice on how to make friends. Read it a first time withoutworrying about vocabulary or structures you don’t know.

Comment se faire des amis?

Vous êtes souvent seul et à part quelques connaissances de bureau, vousn’arrivez pas à vous faire de vrais amis et vous ne savez pas comment yremédier? Voici quelques conseils pratiques pour créer des relationsdurables.

Tout d’abord, ne restez pas seul chez vous, sortez, baladez-vous, développezvos activités. Les associations et autres clubs sportifs sont pleins depersonnes qui ont envie de se faire des amis.

Suivez quelques règles de communication de base: souvenez-vous du prénomdes personnes que vous rencontrez, évitez de critiquer, faites-leur plutôt descompliments, et, surtout, écoutez l’autre vous parler de lui, vous enapprendrez beaucoup.

cont.

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One way of giving advice is to use the imperative. There are therefore manyexamples of the imperative in this passage. As you can see at the end of the lastparagraph but one, avoir, être and savoir have irregular imperative forms – theyuse the subjunctive: soyez, ayez, sachez. But for all the other verbs, the imperativeis very easy to form and remember you only have to learn the tu and vous formas the imperative addresses you, telling or advising you what to do.

What do you notice about the use of the pronoun?

These examples show that the pronoun (here vous) is only used if the verb isreflexive: se balader, vous vous baladez, imperative: baladez-vous – like asseyez-vous(sit down) which you probably know well.

The author of this passage is addressing the reader using the formal vousform. Do you know what the imperative would be of the above four verbsusing the tu form?

Activity 2

Can you find four examples of the imperative in the second paragraph? Note them down andtranslate them.

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Faites le premier pas!

L’important est d’être positif, souriant et accueillant. Ce n’est pas en arrivanttous les matins de mauvaise humeur au bureau que vos collègues auront enviede venir vers vous. Faites le premier pas: des rencontres vous pouvez en fairepartout, le plus délicat est de les développer et les entretenir.

Pour cela, ayez confiance en vous, si vous avez eu un bon contact au départ, lapersonne aura envie de vous revoir. N’hésitez pas à lancer des invitations.Offrir un apéritif chez vous avec vos nouveaux voisins ou collègues de travailpeut être un très bon point de départ. Faites-leur plaisir, il n’y a rien demeilleur pour entretenir une relation.

Donnez-vous aussi du temps! Vous passerez progressivement du stade derelation à celui de copains, puis d’amis. N’attendez pas trop non plus: ce n’estpas en étant trop exigeant, que vous donnerez aux autres l’envie de venir vousvoir et se confier à vous. Soyez souple et ouvert. Ayez confiance en vous et enl’autre, et sachez entretenir la flamme de l’amitié.

C’est ainsi que, sans vous en rendre compte, vous pourrez progressivementélargir votre réseau amical et vous faire de vrais amis.

Marion Capeyronwww.doctissimo.fr/html/psychologie/mag_2001/

mag0126/ps_3315_se_faire_amis.htm

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It would be: ne reste pas seul chez toi, sors, balade-toi, développe tes activités.

What do you notice about the verb forms if you compare them with the presenttense?

Present: Tu ne restes pas seul Imperative: Ne reste pas seul

Tu sors Sors

Tu te balades Balade-toi

Tu développes Développe

As you can see, -er verbs lose the ‘s’ in the tu form of the imperative.

Studyhint

Why not start your own grammar summary? You can make a grammar summary inthe same way that you are making your vocabulary list. Note down all the thingsyou have not mastered yet under different section headings, like those used in theNEC Grammar Summary for this course. You could jot down not only unfamiliarverb forms but also examples of unfamiliar structures.

Activity 3

Below is a list of advice using the formal vous form. Rewrite them as if you were giving themto a close friend, i.e. using the tu form.

1 Suivez quelques règles.

2 Souvenez-vous de leur prénom.

3 Evitez de les critiquer.

4 Faites des compliments.

5 Ecoutez l’autre.

6 N’hésitez pas à lancer des invitations.

7 N’attendez pas trop non plus.

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Using a dictionary

Your dictionary will be a vital tool for your study of French, so you need to beable to use it effectively. If a word has several meanings then the dictionaryshould give these. You then need to choose the most appropriate word for thecontext.

The dictionary gives you a number of clues to help you identify the appropriatemeaning. In particular, there should be a letter or letters that show what kind ofword it is – verb, noun, etc. For example, the entry for attendre in my dictionaryis followed by the letters vt, meaning that it is a transitive verb (i.e. it canhave a direct object) and for s’entretenir the abbreviation vpr (verbe pronominal,i.e. reflexive verb). A masculine noun is followed by the letters nm, while afeminine noun is followed by nf. Your dictionary will have a list of abbreviationsand you should become familiar with these. Note the common abbreviations:qn (quelqu’un), qc (quelque chose) and loc (locution, i.e. phrase).

Your dictionary may well give you further clues. For example, some dictionariesgive a guide to pronunciation after the word.

In your study of French you will meet a number of words that look very similarto English words but have different meanings. Your dictionary can help you tocheck these.

Activity 5

Try looking up these words in your dictionary. What different meanings can they have?

connaissance

entretenir

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Activity 4

You know the verb attendre as meaning ‘to wait for’. Look it up in your dictionary to see if you canfind other meanings for it and decide which one is meant in the piece of advice: N’attendez pas tropnon plus.

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If you need to look up a phrase, you will find it under the main word. Forexample, in the last sentence of the passage, if you don’t understand sans vous enrendre compte, you have to look up se rendre, and there you will find theexpression se rendre compte (to realise, be aware of).

As you continue your studies, make as much use of your dictionary as possible.In particular, you should be able to use your dictionary to check numbers andverb forms. Most dictionaries have tables of verbs.

As your knowledge of French is becoming more advanced, you may also like tostart using a monolingual dictionary as recommended in Elan. It is a good sourceof examples of how words are used. It also gives you a better understanding ofregister than a bilingual dictionary.

Revising the present tense

The present tense is the tense you first learnt and the one you probably feelmost confident using. However, the present tense is not an easy tense becausethe stem can vary according to the subject in irregular verbs (e.g. je peux, nouspouvons). It is essential that you master all the forms of the most common verbsin the present tense as soon as possible, since it is the tense you will be usingmost. Examiners complain that it is very common for A level candidates to gettheir subjunctive right and still make the most basic mistakes in the presenttense.

Remember also that if you want to say, for example, ‘I am reading’, in French,you use the present tense and say: je lis. Only when it is important to stress thatyou are ‘in the middle of’ doing something, would you use the phrase être entrain de. For example:

Ne me dérange pas! Je suis en train de lire – Don’t disturb me! I’m reading.

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Check how many you got right. If you had any difficulties, look at the tables thatdeal with the present tense in the Grammar Summary (pp.22–9). Highlight anyform which you did not know, or which you find particularly difficult. We will bemeeting verb forms all the time so you will have plenty of opportunity to learnthose you have not yet mastered. But please take the present tense seriouslyand, if you scored less than 10 out of 13 in this activity, refer to the GrammarSummary regularly until you feel you know all the various forms.

The next activity will give you more practice of the present tense.

Activity 6

The following exercise will help you to test yourself and find out how much you need to revise.Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with the appropriate form in the present tense of the verbgiven in brackets.

1 Nous ...................... tous les soirs à 7 h. (manger)

2 Ils ...................... le formulaire. (remplir)

3 Mes parents ...................... tous les dimanches. (venir)

4 Vous ...................... trop. (boire)

5 Les Britanniques ...................... à gauche. (conduire)

6 Ils ne ...................... pas la France. (connaître)

7 Qu’est-ce que vous ...................... ? (dire)

8 Ils n’ ...................... pas souvent. (écrire)

9 Qu’est-ce qu’ils ...................... ? (faire)

10 Elles ...................... le petit déjeuner. (prendre)

11 Ils ...................... la maison. (peindre)

12 Ils ne ...................... pas venir demain. (pouvoir)

13 Combien ça ......................? (valoir)

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Be aware that you sometimes use the present tense in French where you mightuse another tense in English.

Activity 7

Below is a series of questions and answers. Fill in the gaps in each answer using the same verb thatis used in the question. Note how the singular form of the verb (here the first person) differs from theplural (here the vous form).

1 Vous espérez recevoir une réponse demain? – Oui, j’ ...................... bien.

2 Vous partez demain? – Oui, je ..................... à 5 h du matin.

3 Vous ne dormez pas bien? – Si, je ..................... très bien, merci.

4 Vous mourez de faim? – Non, mais je ..................... de soif!

5 Vous devez envoyer un télex? – Non, mais je ..................... téléphoner au bureau.

6 Vous suivez un cours d’espagnol? – Non, je ..................... un cours de français.

7 Vous vivez avec vos parents? – Non, je ..................... seul.

8 Vous apprenez l’allemand? – Non, j’..................... le français.

9 Vous recevez beaucoup de mails? – Oui, j’en ..................... énormément.

10 Vous faites beaucoup de sport? – Oui, j’en ..................... tous les jours.

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Extension

In Grammaire active (p. 28 in Elan) there is a useful reminder – rappel – of theuse of adjectives and further activities. Do Activity 2a. You will also find morereading and listening practice in Au choix (p. 29) 1a, 2a, 2b and 2c which youmay like to do.

Activity 8

Translate the following sentences into English and explain why the present tense is used.

1 Je connais Pierre depuis 2 ans.

.......................................................................................................................................................

2 Le livre que je lis en ce moment est très intéressant.

.......................................................................................................................................................

3 Je vois Claire cet après-midi.

.......................................................................................................................................................

4 De 1978 à 1987, il est journaliste à la radio.

.......................................................................................................................................................

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Assignment

You should now complete Assignment 1 Parts A and B in yourAssignment Guide.

Self check

1 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate imperative form of the verbs given inbrackets.

1 (tu/se lever) Tu es encore couchée! ………………………….!

2 (vous/se dépêcher) Il est tard. ………………………….!

3 (tu/se reposer) Tu as l’air fatigué! ………………………….!

4 (tu/faire) Tu ne travailles pas assez, ………… un effort!

5 (tu/entrer) Après toi, ………………………….!

2 Complete the blanks using the present tense of the following verbs:

1 venir : nous ……………..; ils ……………..

2 lire : je ……………..; vous ……………..

3 dormir : elle ……………..; ils ……………..

4 ouvrir : tu ……………..; vous ……………..

5 connaître : il ……………..; vous ……………..

6 suivre : je ……………..; vous ……………..

7 faire : nous ……………..; vous ……………..

8 pouvoir : tu ……………..; ils ……………..

9 recevoir : je ……………..; ils ……………..

10 dire : vous ……………..; ils ……………..

You will find the feedback to self checks at the end of this topic.

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Summary

In this topic you have learnt to recognise common tenses and practised thepresent and the imperative.

The key points are:

The present tense is used not only to express the present, but also thefuture and historical accounts.

The present tense is also used for actions which started in the past but arenot yet completed.

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Activity 1

Future Present conditional Perfect Imperfect

je ne le ferai pas – je préférerais – j’ai vu – Tout le monde le faisait –I will not do it I would prefer I have seen/I saw everybody was doing it

je ne pourrai pas – ça nous donnerait –I won’t be able to it would give us

je resterai – nous résoudrions –I will stay we would solve

nous voudrons –we will want

Activity 2

ne restez pas – don’t stay, sortez – go out, baladez-vous – go out (lit. go for awalk) and développez (develop).

Activity 3

1 Suis quelques règles.

2 Souviens-toi de leur prénom.

3 Evite de les critiquer.

4 Fais des compliments.

5 Ecoute l’autre.

6 N’hésite pas à lancer des invitations.

7 N’attends pas trop non plus.

Activity 4

Also : to be in store, to await, to expect – N’attendez pas trop non plus means‘don’t expect too much either’.

Feedback to activities

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Activity 5

connaissance: a) (savoir) knowledge; b) (choses connues, science) – s knowledge,e.g. approfondir ses connaissances to deepen one’s knowledge; c) (personne)acquaintance, e.g. faire de nouvelles connaissances to make new acquaintances,meet new people; d) (conscience, lucidité) consciousness, e.g. être sansconnaissance to be unconscious; e) (loc) à ma connaissance to my knowledge,etc.

entretenir: 1vt a) (conserver en bon état) to maintain, see to the upkeep of, lookafter; b) (faire vivre) to support, keep, maintain; c) (faire durer) to keep alive, keepgoing, foster; d) to converse with, speak to; 2 s’entretenir vpr a) avec qn toconverse with, speak to sb; b) to support o.s.

Activity 6

1 mangeons (the ‘e’ is added to make the ‘g’ soft)

2 remplissent

3 viennent

4 buvez

5 conduisent

6 connaissent

7 dites

8 écrivent

9 font

10 prennent

11 peignent

12 peuvent

13 vaut

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Activity 7

1 espère (note the change in accent)

2 pars

3 dors

4 meurs

5 dois

6 suis

7 vis

8 apprends

9 reçois – note the cedilla ‘ç’ to keep the soft ‘s’ sound

10 fais

Activity 8

1 I have known Pierre for 2 years – the action started in the past but is notcompleted, ‘I still know him’!

2 The book I am reading at the moment is very interesting – there is no presentcontinuous in French.

3 I’ll see Claire this afternoon or I am going to see her – in French you can usethe present to refer to the near future.

4 From 1978 to 1987 he was a radio presenter – the present is often used todayfor historical events to make them more real or actual; this example comesfrom the listening passage of Activity 2a and b on p.15 in Elan: this listeningpassage and the following two give an account of the lives of three famousFrench people, all in the present tense.

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1 1 Lève-toi!

2 Dépêchez-vous!

3 Repose-toi!

4 fais

5 entre

2 1 venons, viennent

2 lis, lisez

3 dort, dorment

4 ouvres, ouvrez

5 connaît, connaissez

6 suis, suivez

7 faisons, faites

8 peux, peuvent

9 reçois, reçoivent

10 dites, disent

Feedback to self check

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Answers to Elan activités –Passerelle and Unité 1

Introduction

Passerelle

pages 6–71 lA 2D 3B 4E 5C

pages 8–91 Agnes:

a J’habite à Nantes, au centre-ville.

b La ville est à la fois historique et moderne, jeune et vivante. On ytrouve beaucoup de choses à faire et à voir. C’est une région trèsagréable, calme mais intéressante.

c Je vais aller à l’université ici et plus tard, j’espère travailler ici.

Jean-Louis:

a J’habite une ferme près d’une petite ville de Corrèze.

b C’est une région très rurale, sans industrie.

c Après avoir fait mes études agricoles à Limoges, je voudrais reveniren Corrèze.

Hervé:

a J’habite à Lille, une grande ville du Nord.

b C’est une région très sympa, très dynamique avec beaucoup de chosesà faire.

c J’aimerais rester ici ou partir en Angleterre.

2 a J ‘habite à Mimet, au nord de Marseille, en Provence.

b Mimet est un village agréable et les paysages sont magnifiques.Provence est la plus belle région de la France.

c Après avoir fait mes études à Paris, je voudrais revenir en Provence.

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Grammaire

A

Ba after another verb:

j’espère travailler – I’m hoping to work

j’aime ... me promener avec mes chiens, pêcher, travailler dans les champs –I like … going for walks with my dogs, fishing, working in the fields

je veux y rester – I want to stay there/here

je vais partir faire des études – I’m going to go away to study

je voudrais reprendre la ferme de mes parents – I’d like to take over myparents’ farm

je vais faire des études – I’m going to study

j ‘aimerais devenir prof et rester dans ma région, ou alors partir en Angleterre –I’d like to become a teacher and stay in my home area, or go to England

b after a preposition:

beaucoup de choses à faire et à voir – lots of things to do and see

c’est pratique pour sortir – it’s handy for going out

pour faire la fête – to celebrate

c on its own:

vivre ici n’est pas facile – living here isn’t easy

Quitter la Corrèze? – Leave Corrèze?

sortir, se retrouver ... – going out, meeting up with each other ...

-er

travailler

se promener

pêcher

rester

quitter

se retrouver

-ir

voir

sortir

partir

devenir

-re

faire

vivre

reprendre

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pages 10–111a

1 18 000

2 4 000

3 130

4 210 000

5 1880

6 1946

7 1987

1b

lc 2d 3a 4b

1c

Possible answers:

a Deux marins anglais découvrent les îles polynésiennes au 18ème siècle,la France annexe l’archipel en 1880 et il devient un TOM en 1946.

b Tahiti a l’image d’un paradis, mais la vie est difficile pour les Tahitiens àcause du chômage et de l’économie pauvre.

c La Polynésie française se trouve dans le Pacifique à 18 000 kilomètres dela France.

d La plupart des 210000 habitants de la Polynésie française se trouvent àTahiti.

2a

nom: Sammy Rotua

âge: 17 ans

domicile: Tiarei

nationalité: français, d’origine polynésienne

langues parlées: français, tahitien, anglais

famille:mère, un frère, deux soeurs

occupation: lycéen

passe-temps: le sport, le boogie

projets: devenir prof de sport et travailler à Hawaii

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Grammaire

A

B1d 2f 3a 4b 5e 6c

CVarious answers are possible, e.g.

a 70% de la population est d’origine polynésienne.

b Je me lève très tôt le matin.

c Depuis 1987, le mouvement indépendantiste se développe.

d En 1880, la France annexe l’archipel.

e Je passe le bac l’année prochaine.

f La Polynésie française se trouve dans le Pacifique.

-er

se trouve

habite

parle

étudie

annexe

se développe

encouragent

m’appelle

habite

me lève

passe

me passionne

m’entraîne

travaille

adore

-ir

ont

devient

deviennent

a

ai

se voit

pars

-re

est

font

sont

suis

apprends

vis

vit

prends

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pages 12–131a l’accordéon, le croissant, le téléphone portable

(Further details: the accordion and the croissant were both invented inAustria, in 1829 and 1683 respectively; the first mobile phone call isattributed to American engineer, Martin Cooper, in 1973)

2 1E 2D 3G 4F 5I 6B 7H 8C 9A

4 ingénieur (m) (-eur is typical masculine ending; name of profession)

l ‘époque (f) – (impossible to work out the gender from the text or theending)

accessoire (m) – (not a typical masculine ending, but agreement of essentielis masculine)

déchets (m) – (the adjectiveménagers is masculine)

ouverture (f) – (typical feminine ending)

manèges (m) – (adjective réservés is masculine)

personnages (m) – (typical masculine ending)

appareil (m) – (cet and inventé are masculine)

coeur (m) – (du is masculine)

aliments (m) – (typical masculine ending)

armées (f) – (typical feminine ending; napoléoniennes is feminine)

bicyclette (f) – (typical feminine ending)

Grammaire

A1 le lancement (masculine ending in -ment)

2 la consultation (feminine ending in -tion);

lamessagerie instantanée (feminine ending in -rie)

3 la distribution, gratuite (feminine ending in -tion);

la sécurité, garantie (feminine ending in -té)

4 l’avantage principal (masculine ending in -age);

un réseau international (masculine ending in -eau)

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pages 14–151a

1 Ségolène Royal

2 Nicolas Hulot

3 Mimi Mathy

4 Yannick Noah

5 Sophie Marceau

6 Zinédine Zidane

7 Jamel Debbouze

8 Diam’s

1b

l volontaire

2 beau, intelligent

3 déterminée, courageuse, drôle

4 sympa, généreux

5 belle, naturelle, sympathique

6 simple, honnête, sympa, généreux

7 bavard

8 énergique, courageuse

2a

1C 2E 3A 4F 5B 6D

2b

extra details: ses parents se séparent, son père meurt d’un cancer quand Nicolas a 15ans et son frère se suicide quatre ans après; sa mère rêvait de le voir médecin ou avocat;il fait ses premières émissions sur la moto, une de ses passions; de nombreux accidentspour préparer l’émission ‘Ushuaïa’; il est le porte-parole préféré des Français pour lesquestions d ‘environnement; plus de 500 000 personnes signent le Pacte

3a

naît, grandit, perd, devient, encourage, participe, fait, obtient, reçoit, met

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4

Nicolas Hulot:Nicolas was born in Lille in 1955, the son of an explorer. He had a tragicchildhood, with family problems: his parents separated, his father died of cancerwhen Nicolas was 15, and four years later his brother committed suicide.

First, he became a photo journalist, and in 1973 he began a life of travelling andadventures in difficult and dangerous conditions. This was a far cry from hismother’s dream of seeing her son become a doctor or a lawyer!

Then, from 1978 to 1987, he became a radio reporter: he shared his extremeadventures with the public. His first broadcasts were about motorbikes, one ofhis passions.

Then, from 1987 onwards, he presented one of France’s favourite programmes,‘Ushuaïa’, about ultimate adventure and nature. Nicolas had a lot of accidentsproducing this programme but nothing stopped him!

After this, in 1990, he set up the Nicolas Hulot Foundation for the discovery andprotection of the environment. Nicolas was France’s favourite spokesman onenvironmental matters.

Finally, in 2006, his commitment to the environment led him to set up theEcological Pact, to bring environmental concerns into politics. More than500000 people signed the Pact.

Jamel Debbouze:He was born in Morocco in 1975 and grew up in Trappes, a dangerous suburb ofParis. At the age of 13, he lost the use of his right arm after an accident. How didthis nobody from the suburbs, the handicapped son of immigrants, become oneof the most highly paid actors in France and a teenage idol?

In 1990, a teacher who was impressed by Jamel’s talent encouraged him to dosome improvisation on stage. Very soon, he was taking part in radio broadcasts,and in 1999 he did his first one-man show on television.

He played bigger and bigger roles, in films like ‘Le Fabuleux Destin d’AméliePoulain’ and ‘Astérix et Obélix: Mission Cléopâtre’. In 2006, he received an awardfor his film ‘Indigènes’ about the fate of North African soldiers during theSecond World War. Talkative, funny and provocative, Jamel uses his talent andpopularity to help underprivileged young people. A clown with a big heart!

5a

a née à Dakar, père militaire, part habiter en Martinique, s’installe enFrance; quatrième de huit enfants, enfance difficile, père très strict

b jusqu’à 2007, un compagnon, François Hollande; pacsés mais pas mariés;quatre enfants; maintenant séparés

c très bonne élève; étudie la politique dans une grande école; obtient undiplôme d’avocat en 1994

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d 1978: membre du Parti socialiste; 1981: nommée conseillère du présidentde la République; 1988: élue députée; 1992: ministre de l’environnement;2007: candidate aux élections présidentielles, perd contre Nicolas Sarkozy

Compétences (1)

A

chaude: hot/warm/violent/dangerous

droit: right/straight

émissions: programmes/broadcasts/emissions

prix: prize/price/cost/award

sort: fate/spell

service: service/duty

page 162

Hello Amy, it’s Claire!

This is the first email I’ve written to you in a long time!

You know that I’ve been playing the violin since I was five years old? Well, now Ilive in Paris and I’ve been studying at the Conservatoire for two years!

I play regularly in a string quartet. At the moment, we’re rehearsing to give anew recital in a month’s time. And guess where? In London! I’ll be arriving on 5October.

It will be the first time I’ve played abroad. It’s great!

I’ve been waiting for this moment for a long time!

Shall we meet up in London in a café?

4 a Je vais au cinéma une fois par semaine.

b Je vois ma copine/mon amie Katya demain.

c Nos devoirs sont finis. Qu’est-ce que nous faisons maintenant?

d Je connais Marie depuis janvier.

e Ils attendent leurs résultats d’examen depuis longtemps.

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page 171a

A3 B2 C1

1b

1 Bretagne: mer, côte avec plages et ports, maisons bretonnes

2 Loire: jardin (de la France), eau, châteaux

3 Rhône-Alpes: montagnes, neige, chalets

Unité 1 En famille et entre amis

pages 18–193 a Oui, depuis trois ans.

b Elle a dix mois.

c Le père est ingénieur en informatique et la mère est prof d’anglais.

d Ils habitent un petit appartement près de Bordeaux.

e Oui.

f Laura passe ses journées à la crèche.

pages 20–212c

sous différentes formes – in different guises

son père étant décédé – as/because his father died

une famille monoparentale – a single-parent family

une famille nombreuse – a family with several children

le cadet – the youngest

ma demi-soeur – my half-sister/stepsister

une fête de famille – a family celebration

la vie de famille – family life

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3b

4

c, g, b, h, a, d, f, e

Grammaire

A

sentences a, b, f, g, h

B

sentence f

Grégory Olivier

appearance people criticise his clothesand hair

Grégory’s clothes arestrange, his hair is toolong

school he does his best he thinks Grégory doesn’ttake it seriously

smoking/drinking he doesn’t smoke, hedrinks only two or threebeers at the weekend

he fears that Grégorysmokes and drinks toomuch alcohol when he’swith his friends

friends his friends are very nice likes most friends, worriesabout one or two

solution his parents will have toaccept that he has his ownstyle

he would be able to calmdown if Grégory would tryharder at school

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Compétences

A

1b 2a 3a 4a 5b

B

Suggested answers:

1 Je ne m’entends pas très bien avec mon frère.

2 Ma mère travaille beaucoup et je la vois rarement.

3 Je ne veux plus voir ma belle-mère/C’est bien si je ne vois pas ma belle-mère trop souvent.

pages 22–231b

Yasmine – d, h

Raphaël – b, g

Hichim – a

Alice – e

Juliette – c, f

2

1 dix 8 téléphonait

2 moments 9 souvent

3 compris 10 garçons

4 problèmes 11 jaloux

5 écouter 12 voir

6 compassion 13 expliquer

7 amusant 14 comprend

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Grammaire

A

1 le/la

2 l’

3 des

C

1 J’adore les soirées DVD, mais je n’aime pas les sorties au match de foot.

2 Quand je téléphone avec des amis, je parle pendant des heures.

3 Tu as des problèmes avec tes parents?

Compétences

A

l une discussion, une querelle

2 une relation, un lien

3 en finir avec, mettre fin à des relations avec, ne pas rester en contact avec

4 l’antagonisme, la lutte, la dispute

5 adorer

6 avoir horreur de, abhorrer, haïr

7 donner des conseils à, recommander

pages 24–253a

Pour: Stéfane

Contre: Martin, Eloïse, Isabelle

3b

Martin: c, d

Eloïse: a, f

Stéfane: e

Isabelle: b

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Grammaire

A

describe; agree; after; before

pages 26–271a

a 8,3 millions de femmes vivent seules en France.

b 21% des familles élèvent trois enfants.

c En moyenne, les femmes en France ont 1,73 enfants.

d Il y a en France 1,2 millions de familles monoparentales.

e Les hommes se marient autour de 29 ans.

2a

c, e, a, g, b, d, f

2b

a Les jeunes ont des enfants plus tard dans la vie.

b Etremère peut être un handicap dans la carrière d’une femme.

c La France connaît une réelle crise dumariage avec un taux de divorcerecord.

d Le PACS est un statut juridique pour les couples non-mariés.

e Dans les grandes villes françaises, les logements sont souvent cherset étroits.

f Beaucoup de personnes choisissent de vivre seules pour profiter de leurliberté.

g De nombreuses personnes vivent aujourd’hui loin de leurs parents.

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page 28

Grammaire Active

2a

a vital

b convaincantes

c solution cauchemardesque

d des disputes épouvantables

e miniscules

page 291a (optional)

a Benjamin

b Pierre

c Amanda

d Ses parents ont des idées différentes pour les vêtements, la musique, lessorties et les loisirs.

e Non, il dit qu’il ne voit pas comment il pourrait s’entendre avec ses parents.

f Elle pense qu’ils sont trop stricts.

g Elle devrait passer son temps à faire ses devoirs et à étudier.

h Parce qu’elle veut aussi sortir avec ses amis, regarder la télévision et aller aucinéma.

i Ils aiment des choses différentes, mais ils ne critiquent pas les choses qu’ilaime.

j Parce qu’il ne veut pas décevoir ses parents.

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2a (optional)

2b (optional)

Oui, il dit qu’il adore être célibataire parce qu’il a un maximum de liberté.

2c (optional)

Il ne sait pas. Pour l’instant, il profite de sa liberté et après il verra.

emploi programmateur de jeux vidéo

heures de travail 8 h 50 à 18 h 00

repas prend le petit déjeuner en s’habillant, mange un repassurgelé le soir

activités: le soir ordinateur, lecture

le samedi visite ses parents, cinéma

le dimanche VTT, tennis

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