by

Aryan Malik

C O M P E N D I U M o f E N G I N E E R I N G D I S C I P L I N E S A r y a n M a l i k

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PREFACE

This is a compilation of information on various engineering streams and disciplines. The aim

has been to offer some degree of insight and information to students such as myself, as to

some of the options within the vast and evolving field of engineering sciences.

This has been based on information available on various websites, such as the renowned

Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), National Institutes of Technology (NIT) as well as some

international colleges such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of

California, Berkeley, University of Maryland, Wikipedia, etc.

It may be noted that many colleges offer newer courses that are inter-disciplinary and the

traditional categorisations may not hold true. Conversely, not all options presented herein may

be offered by all colleges. Furthermore, as the details that are contained in this booklet a

compilation of courses offered by various colleges, there is likely to be some overlapping in

courses/disciplines.

In order to understand the specialities better, details of course credits have been presented for

each course. To maintain consistency, course details as offered by IIT Delhi have been used

as a base to the largest extent.

This did offer me some considerable clarity regarding the various options and I sincerely hope

this is of some use to you too. I would welcome feedback on sections to be added or

inconsistencies therein.

Please do bear in mind that there is some possibility of factual inaccuracies as I cannot vouch

for the veracity herein, being sourced from various websites.

Wishing you all the very best.

Aryan Malik

malik.aryan@gmail.com

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Introduction

The term Engineering is derived from the Latin ingenium, meaning "cleverness" and ingeniare,

meaning "to contrive, devise".

Engineering is the application of mathematics, as well as scientific, economic, social, and

practical knowledge to invent, innovate, design, build, maintain, research, and improve

structures, machines, tools, systems, components, materials, processes, solutions, and

organizations.

The discipline of engineering is extremely broad and encompasses a range of more

specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of

applied science, technology and types of application.

Several colleges across the globe offer 4 year engineering degrees in the many disciplines.

Some of the basic streams are:

▪ Chemical Engineering

▪ Civil Engineering

▪ Electrical Engineering

▪ Mechanical Engineering

▪ Computer Science Engineering

▪ Metallurgical & Materials Engineering

▪ Production and Industrial Engineering

▪ Textile Technology

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Contents

Engineering branches ...................................................................................................................... 4

Chemical Engineering ...................................................................................................................... 9

Sample industries as employers ......................................................................................................................... 9

Sub-disciplines and Specialities: ....................................................................................................................... 10

Chemical Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Delhi) ............................................................................. 11

Civil Engineering ............................................................................................................................. 13

Sample industries as employers ....................................................................................................................... 14

Sub-disciplines and Specialities ........................................................................................................................ 14

Civil Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Delhi) ...................................................................................... 16

Electrical Engineering .................................................................................................................... 18

Sample industries as employers ....................................................................................................................... 18

Sub-disciplines and Specialities ........................................................................................................................ 19

Electrical Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Delhi) .............................................................................. 20

Mechanical Engineering ................................................................................................................. 21

Sample industries as employers ....................................................................................................................... 21

Sub-disciplines and Specialities ........................................................................................................................ 21

Mechanical Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Delhi) .......................................................................... 23

Computer Science Engineering ..................................................................................................... 24

Sample industries as employers ....................................................................................................................... 24

Sub-disciplines and Specialities ........................................................................................................................ 25

Computer Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (NIT Surathkal) .................................................................... 26

Metallurgical & Materials Engineering ........................................................................................... 28

Sample industries as employers ....................................................................................................................... 28

Key research areas ........................................................................................................................................... 29

Emerging technologies in materials science ..................................................................................................... 30

Metallurgical & Materials Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Bombay) ................................................ 32

Production and Industrial Engineering ......................................................................................... 33

Sample industries as employers ....................................................................................................................... 33

Sub-disciplines and Specialities ........................................................................................................................ 34

Production and Industrial Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Delhi) .................................................... 35

Textile Technology ......................................................................................................................... 36

Some unique applications/industries ................................................................................................................ 36

Textile Technology: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Delhi) .................................................................................. 37

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Engineering branches

Branch Technologies Related Sciences Products

Aerospace Engineering

Focuses on the development of aircraft and spacecraft.

Aeronautics, Astrodynamics, Astronautics, Avionics, Control Engineering, Fluid mechanics, Kinematics, Materials Science, Thermodynamics

Aircraft, Robotics, Spacecraft, Trajectories

Agricultural engineering

The application of engineering principles to agricultural fields such as farm power and machinery, biological material process, bioenergy, farm structures, and agricultural natural resources.

Aquaculture engineering, Biomechanical engineering, Bioprocess engineering, Ecological engineering, Food engineering, Forest engineering, Health and Safety engineering, Natural Resources engineering, Machinery Systems engineering

Architectural Engineering & Building engineering

Focuses on building and construction. Architecture, architectural technology Buildings and bridges

Applied engineering

Application of management, design, and technical skills for the design and integration of systems, execution of new product designs, improvement of manufacturing processes, and the management of physical and/or technical functions of an organization.

Calculus, physics, and thermodynamics, Manufacturing, Packaging, Business, Materials and Logistics Management, etc.

Automation/control systems/mechatronics/robotics, Computer-aided drawing and design (CADD), Construction, Electronics, General, Graphics, Nanotechnology

Biomedical Engineering

Focuses on closing the gap between engineering and medicine to advance various health care treatments.

Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Medicine

Prostheses, Medical Devices, Regenerative Tissue Growth, Various Safety Mechanisms

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Branch Technologies Related Sciences Products

Biological engineering The application of engineering principles to the fields of biology and medicine.

Organic Chemistry, Biology, Genetics, Differential Equations, Thermodynamics of Biomolecular Systems, Biomolecular and Cellular Systems

Bioacoustics, Biochemical engineering, Biosystems engineering, Biomedical engineering, Biotechnical engineering, Biomolecular engineering, Bioresource engineering, Bioprocess engineering, Cellular engineering, Genetic engineering, Food and Biological Process Engineering, Health and Safety engineering, Microbiological engineering, Molecular engineering, Protein engineering, Safety engineering, Systems Biology, Synthetic Biology, Tissue engineering

Building services engineering

Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, or building engineering is the engineering of the internal environment and environmental impact of a building. It essentially brings buildings and structures to life.

Mechanical and electrical with Computer modelling techniques

Architectural engineering, HVAC: heating, ventilation and air conditioning, Refrigeration, Plumbing or public health (MEP) engineering (Water services, drainage and plumbing), Electrical engineering (Artificial and emergency lighting, ICT: Communication lines and IT networks, Low voltage systems, distribution boards and switchgear), Security, CCTV, and alarm systems, Escalators and lifts, Fire engineering (fire detection and fire protection), Natural lighting design, Building façades engineering, Energy supply – gas, electricity and renewable sources

Chemical Engineering

Focuses on the manufacturing of chemicals and chemical production processes.

Chemistry, Thermodynamics, Biology, Medicine

Chemicals, Petroleum, Medicines, Raw Materials, Food & Drink

Civil Engineering

Focuses on the construction of large systems and structures.

Statics, Fluid Mechanics, Soil Mechanics

Roads, Bridges, Dams, Buildings

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Branch Technologies Related Sciences Products

Computer Engineering

Focuses on the design and development of Computer Hardware & Software Systems

Computer Science, Mathematics, Electrical Engineering

Microprocessors, Microcontrollers, Operating Systems, Embedded Systems

Electrical Engineering

Focuses on the design of Electrical and associated systems, Generation of electricity, Transmission and Distribution systems, Low, Medium and High voltage Power Engineering, plant and equipment power and control requirements, power conditioning devices, Lighting systems

Mathematics, Physics, Electromagnetism, Logic

Electrical Plants and Equipment, Home appliances, Consumer Electronics

Energy engineering Energy efficiency, energy services, facility management, plant engineering, environmental compliance and alternative energy technologies

Combines selective subjects from the fields chemical, mechanical and electrical engineering.

Solar engineering, Wind engineering

Genetic Engineering

Focusses on manipulation and modification of genetic material.

Synthetic Biology, Biotechnology, Bioinformatics

Drugs, Genetically modified food, Genetically modified organism

Industrial Engineering

Focuses on the design, optimization, and operation of production, logistics, and service systems and processes.

Operations Research, Engineering Statistics, Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes, Methods Engineering, Production Engineering, Manufacturing Engineering, Systems Engineering, Logistics Engineering, Ergonomics

Quality Control Systems, Manufacturing Systems, Warehousing Systems, Supply Chains, Logistics Networks, Queueing Systems

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Branch Technologies Related Sciences Products

Management Engineering

Focuses on the organization and operations management of activities across any engineering discipline

Strategic Management, Project Management, Business Administration, Product Development, Product Engineering, Research, organizational psychology, Finance, Management Accounting Leadership, Systems Engineering, Technology Management, Management Consulting, Innovation

Performance Management

Mathematical Engineering

Focuses on the design & development of mathematical models

Computer Science, Mathematics, Electrical Engineering, Statics

Scientific Computing, Datamining, Control Theory, Optimization

Mechatronics Engineering

Focuses on the technology and controlling all the industrial field

Process Control, Automation Robotics, Controllers, CNC

Mechanical Engineering

Focuses on the development and operation of Energy Systems, Transport Systems, Manufacturing Systems, Machines and Control Systems.

Dynamics, Kinematics, Statics, Fluid Mechanics, Materials Science, Metallurgy, Strength of Materials, Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, Mechanics, Mechatronics, Manufacturing, Control Engineering

Cars, Airplanes, Machines, Power Generation, Spacecraft, Buildings, Consumer Goods, Manufacturing

Metallurgical Engineering/Materials Engineering

Focuses on extraction of metals from its ores and development of new materials

Material Science, Thermodynamics, Extraction of Metals, Physical Metallurgy, Mechanical Metallurgy, Nuclear Materials, Steel Technology

Iron, Steel, Polymers, Ceramics, Metals

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Branch Technologies Related Sciences Products

Nanoengineering The practice of engineering on the nanoscopic scale

Microbiology, nanomaterials, and proper safety techniques

Molecular engineering, Materials science, Instrumentation engineering, Electronics

Molecular engineering The application of nuclear processes to engineering

Mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology

Medical Physics, Nuclear fuel, Radiation Protection

Materials science The application of engineering principles to drilling for and producing crude oil and natural gas

Physics and chemistry of matter, engineering applications and industrial manufacturing processes

Reservoir engineering, Drilling engineering, Production engineering

Software Engineering

Focuses on the design & development of Software Systems

Computer Science, Information theory, Systems Engineering, Formal language

Apps, Websites, Operating Systems, Embedded Systems

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Chemical Engineering

Chemical engineering occupies a unique position at the interface between molecular sciences and engineering.

Intimately linked with the fundamental subjects of chemistry, biology, mathematics, and physics.

Chemical engineering is the application of chemical, physical, and biological sciences to the process of converting

raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. It is one of the broadest and the most ‘inclusive’

branches of engineering that keeps redefining itself as it finds applications into new areas of modern technology.

Traditionally linked to fuel combustion and energy systems, today’s chemical engineers are spearheading new

developments in medicine, biotechnology, microelectronics, advanced materials, energy, consumer products,

manufacturing, and environmental solutions. Newer fields are microelectronics, textiles, medicine & healthcare,

biotechnology, pulp & paper products, synthesis of advanced materials such as sophisticated devices based on

MEMS, and many other day to day consumer goods.

Chemical Engineers are easily the most highly sought-after engineers from an employment perspective as they

aid in design, supervision, construction, installation, operation and most importantly, in the optimization of any

system. There are two major challenges that are facing the world today, one in the discovery of environmentally

benign alternative fuels that can reduce our dependency on the depleting fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural

gas, and second in the development of better, cost-effective solutions for improved healthcare.

Research conducted in the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering program provides students with a

fundamental understanding of physical, chemical and biological processes and the ability to apply molecular and

biomolecular information and methods of discovery into products and the processes by which they are made. The

department can be divided into the following areas: catalysis and reaction engineering; electrochemical

engineering; polymers and complex fluids; microsystems technology and microelectrics; molecular simulations

and theory; interfacial engineering; biochemical and bioprocess engineering; biomedical engineering; and

synthetic biology.

Chemical Engineering/Materials Science and Engineering joint major programs are designed for students

who wish to undertake study in two areas of engineering in order to qualify for employment in either field or for

positions in which competence in two fields is required. Many of the engineering problems facing the nation in the

next decades will require solution by engineers who have training in both chemical process engineering and

materials engineering. Three typical examples are coal gasification and liquefaction, extraction of metals from

low-grade ores and wastes, and environmental control of metallurgical processes.

Chemical Engineering/Nuclear Engineering joint major depends heavily upon chemical engineering training

include isotope separation, fuel reprocessing, waste management, feed material preparation, fuel chemistry,

effluent control, fusion reactor fuel processing, and new reactor types.

Sample industries as employers

• Gas and oil extraction

• Oil refining

• Nuclear and other power generation

• Process industries

• Pharmaceuticals

• Fine and heavy chemicals

• Agrochemicals

• Fibres and polymers

• Food and drink (fmcg)

• Plastic and metals

• Pulp and paper

• Toiletries

• Engineering consultancy

• Contracting firms

• Pollution control

• Environmental protection

• Energy conservation

• Recycling and alternative energy

• Financial services

• Management

• Law

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Sub-disciplines and Specialities:

Several colleges offer variants of Chemical Engineering courses with a speciality/joint major in Biomolecular

engineering, Materials engineering, Process engineering, Textile engineering, etc.

Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

Biomolecular engineering

Focuses on the manufacturing of biomolecules.

• Genetic engineering (of whole genes and their chromosomes)

• Immunology and bio molecular/biochemical engineering

• Engineering of DNA and RNA (related to genetic engineering)

Materials engineering

Involves properties of matter (material) and its applications to engineering

• Metallurgical engineering, studies metals and their applications

• Ceramic engineering, the theory and processing of raw oxide material (e.g. alumina oxide), and advanced material that are polymorphic, polycrystalline, oxide, and non-oxide ceramics

• Polymer engineering, studies polymer materials and their applications

• Crystal engineering, the design and synthesis of molecular solid-state structures

• Biomaterials engineering, the study of matter relating to natural and living systems

Molecular engineering

Focuses on the manufacturing of molecules.

Process engineering

Focuses on the design, operation, control, and optimization of chemical processes.

• Petroleum refinery engineering, the design of processes related to the manufacture of refined products

• Plastics engineering, the design of the production process of plastics products

• Paper engineering, the design of the production process of paper products

• Textile engineering, Textile engineering courses deal with the application of scientific and engineering principles to the design and control of all aspects of fibre, textile, and apparel processes, products, and machinery. These include natural and man-made materials, interaction of materials with machines, safety and health, energy conservation, and waste and pollution control. Additionally, students are given experience in plant design and layout, machine and wet process design and improvement, and designing and creating textile products. Throughout the textile engineering curriculum, students take classes from other engineering and disciplines including: mechanical, chemical, materials and industrial engineering.

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Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

Corrosion engineering

Is the specialist engineering discipline of applying scientific knowledge, natural laws and physical resources in order to design and implement materials, structures, devices, systems and procedures to manage the natural phenomenon known as corrosion. Generally related to Metallurgy, Corrosion Engineering also relates to non-metallics including ceramics. Corrosion Engineers often manage other not-strictly-corrosion processes including (but not restricted to) cracking, brittle fracture, crazing, fretting, erosion and more.

Chemical Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Delhi)

Institute Core Courses Basic Sciences 22 Engineering Arts and Science 18 Humanities and Social Sciences 15 Programme-linked Courses 7 Departmental Courses

– Departmental Core 63 – Departmental Electives 9

Open Category Courses 3 Total Graded Credit requirement 137 Institute Core: Basic Sciences General Chemistry Chemistry Laboratory Calculus Linear Algebra and Differential Equations Electromagnetic Waves and Quantum Mechanics Physics Laboratory Introductory Biology for Engineers Total Credits 22 Institute Core: Engineering Arts and Sciences Engineering Mechanics Introduction to Computer Science Environmental Science Introduction to Electrical Engineering Engineering Visualization Product Realization through Manufacturing

Total Credits 18 Institute Core: Humanities and Social Sciences Courses from Humanities, Social Sciences and Management offered under this category Total Credits 15 Departmental Core (DC): Transport Phenomena Material and Energy Balance Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics Chemical Process Technology Chemical Reaction Engineering I Chemical Reaction Engineering II Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers Heat Transfer Mass Transfer I Mass Transfer II Fluid-Particle Mechanics Process Dynamics and Control Numerical Methods in Chemical Engineering Introduction to Industrial Biotechnology Introduction to Chemical Engineering Materials Instrumentation and Automation Chemical Engineering Laboratory I Chemical Engineering Laboratory II Chemical Engineering Laboratory III Total Credits 63

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Departmental Electives (DE): Powder Processing and Technology Safety and Hazards in Process Industries Materials of Construction Nano-engineering of Soft Materials Design of Multicomponent Separation Processes Process Utilities and Pipeline Design Environmental Engineering and Waste Management Heterogeneous Catalysis and Catalytic Reactors Petrochemicals Technology Interfacial Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics Process Operations Scheduling Process Optimization Bioprocessing and Bioseparations Structures and Properties of Polymers Membrane Science and Engineering Petroleum Refinery Engineering Fine Chemicals Technology Chemical Engineering Mathematics Population Balance Modelling Advanced Computational Techniques in Chemical Engineering Process Plant Design Chemical Product Development and Commercialization Principles of Electrochemical Engineering Electrochemical Methods Electrochemical Conversion and Storage Devices Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Technology Petroleum Reservoir Engineering Petroleum Production Engineering Biomass Conversion and Utilization

Introduction to Complex Fluids Transport Phenomena in Complex Fluids Thermodynamics of Complex Fluids Simulation Techniques for Complex Fluids Polymerization Process Modelling Granular Materials Complex Fluids Technology Molecular Modelling of Catalytic Reactions Process Intensification and Novel Reactors Experimental Characterization of Multiphase Reactors Experimental Characterization of BioMacromolecules Chemical Product and Process Integration Interfacial Behaviour and Transport of Biomolecules Molecular Biotechnology and in-vitro Diagnostics Advanced Process Control Process Modelling and Simulation Evolutionary Optimization Air Pollution Control Engineering Structure, Transport and Reactions in BioNano Systems Advanced Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics Selected Topics in Chemical Engineering - I Selected Topics in Chemical Engineering - II Major Project in Energy and Environment Major Project in Complex Fluids Major Project in Process Engineering, Modelling and Optimization Major Project in Biopharmaceuticals and Fine Chemicals Current Topics in Chemical Engineering Recent Advances in Chemical Engineering

Total Credits 9

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Civil Engineering

Civil engineering comprises the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and natural built

environments. It entails the design and construction of public and private works, such as infrastructure (airports,

roads, railways, water supply, and treatment etc.), bridges, dams, and buildings. Civil engineering traditionally

comprises several sub-disciplines, including structural engineering, environmental engineering, and surveying.

Civil engineering is a people-serving profession, concerned with the planning, design, construction and operation

of large, complex systems such as buildings and bridges, water purification and distribution systems, highways,

rapid transit and rail systems, ports and harbours, airports, tunnels and underground construction, dams, power

generating systems and structural components of aircraft and ships. Civil engineering also includes urban and

city planning, water and land pollution and treatment problems, and disposal of hazardous wastes and chemicals.

The design and construction of these systems are only part of the many challenges and opportunities faced by

civil engineers. The recent revolution in computers, communications and data management has provided new

resources that are widely used by the professional civil engineer in providing safe, economical and functional

facilities to serve our society.

Environmental engineering is a profession that applies engineering and science principles to protect the

environment from possible harmful natural and human activities, protect people from contaminants and pathogens

in the environment, and improve the quality of the environment. Environmental engineering includes drinking

water supply and treatment, wastewater treatment, air pollution management, and solid waste management.

Research put forth by the environmental engineering laboratories supports the idea that environmental research

will serve as the basis for solving the problems faced impacting the world in which we live.

Energy, Civil Infrastructure and Climate (ECIC) Program teaches to analyse from engineering, environmental,

economic, and management perspectives complex problems such as energy efficiency of buildings,

environmentally informed design of transportation systems, embodied energy of construction materials, electricity

from renewable sources, and biofuels, and address such overarching societal problems as mitigation of

greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation of infrastructure to a changing climate.

Engineering and Project Management (E&PM) Program educates professionals to become leaders in

managing projects and companies in Architecture-Engineering-Construction (AEC) and in other industries. E&PM

graduates find a wide range of employment opportunities in private industry and in the public sector, for example

in engineering consulting, building, transportation, and industrial construction firms, as well as in public and private

owner organizations.

The GeoSystems Program encompasses a broad area of teaching and research in geotechnical and geological

engineering, environmental geotechnics, and applied geophysics. The focus is on the evaluation of engineering

properties of geologic materials and on providing engineering solutions for dealing with geologic environment and

processes, and natural hazards. Studies include the mechanical behaviour of soil and rock masses, laboratory

and field characterization of material properties, development and application of geophysical techniques for site

and subsurface characterization, development of advanced analysis methods, and evaluation of static and

dynamic (seismic) performance of soil deposits, earth structures, and underground space.

The focus of the Systems Engineering Program is understanding complex large-scale systems and developing

tools for their design and operation. Such systems encompass built elements in the broad sense (infrastructures

transportation, structures, etc.), societal systems (social networks, populations enterprises), and natural systems

(land water, air). This includes knowledge about the constitutive laws that govern them, such as traffic flow, fluid

mechanics, structural mechanics, and smart networks. It also requires an understanding of the theoretical

paradigms that are used to model, control and optimize such systems. These include the theories of computation,

control theory, optimization, behavioural economics, sensor networks, statistics, and signal processing.

Emphasis in Transportation Engineering is on the acquisition of advanced knowledge concerning planning,

design, operations, maintenance, rehabilitation, performance, and evaluation of transportation systems, including

their economic and public policy aspects. The program stresses development of analytic, problem-solving, design,

and management skills suitable for public and private sector professional work.

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Sample industries as employers

• Engineering and manufacturing

• Property sector

• Construction sector

• Transport and communications infrastructure

• Infrastructure including bridges, roads, tunnels, canals and other large structures

• Utilities including electricity, gas and water

• Contractors

• Consultancies

• Public sector

• Environmental organisations

Sub-disciplines and Specialities

Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

Environmental engineering

The application of engineering to the improvement and protection of the environment

• Ecological engineering, the design, monitoring and construction of ecosystems

• Fire protection engineering, the application of engineering to protect people and environments from fire and smoke

• Sanitary engineering, the application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities

• Wastewater engineering determines the best way to collect and transport rainwater for human populations. Wastewater engineering also deals with the transportation and cleaning of blackwater, greywater, and irrigation water.

• Municipal or urban engineering, civil engineering applied to municipal issues such as water and waste management, transportation networks, subdivisions, communications, hydrology, hydraulics, etc.

Geotechnical engineering

Concerned with the behaviour of earth materials at the site of a civil engineering project

• Mining engineering, the exploration, extraction and processing of raw materials from the Earth

• Foundation (engineering), the engineering of below ground foundations that support superstructures

Structural engineering

The engineering of structures that support or resist structural loads

• Earthquake engineering, the behaviour of structures subject to seismic loading

• Wind engineering, the analysis of wind and its effects on the built environment

• Architectural engineering, application of engineering principles to building design and construction

• Ocean engineering, the design of offshore structures

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Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

Mining engineering

Involves extracting and processing minerals from a naturally occurring environment. It is closely related to mineral processing and metallurgy, geotechnical engineering, and surveying. Includes management of all phases of mining operations – from exploration and discovery of the mineral resource, through feasibility studies, mine design, development of plans, production and operations, to mine closure.

Mining engineers must also be concerned with damage to the environment both during and after mining as a result of the change in the mining area.

Transport engineering

The use of engineering to ensure safe and efficient transportation of people and goods

• Traffic engineering, a branch of transportation engineering focusing on the infrastructure necessary for transportation

• Highway engineering a branch of engineering that deals with major roadways and transportation systems involving automobiles. Highway engineering usually involves the construction and design of highways

• Railway systems engineering

Water resources engineering

Prediction, planning, development and management of water resources

• Hydraulic engineering, concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water; intimately related to the design of pipelines, water supply network, drainage facilities (including bridges, dams, levees, channels, culverts, storm sewers), and canals.

• River engineering is the process of planned human intervention in the course, characteristics, or flow of a river with the intention of producing some defined benefit—to manage the water resources, to protect against flooding, or to make passage along or across rivers easier.

• Coastal engineering, the study of the processes ongoing at the shoreline and construction within the coastal zone, often directed at combating erosion of coasts or providing navigational access.

• Groundwater engineering involves the analysis, monitoring and often modelling of groundwater source to better understand how much remains and if the water can be used for e.g. recharging reservoirs and irrigation.

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Civil Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Delhi)

Institute Core Courses Basic Sciences 22 Engineering Arts and Science 18 Humanities and Social Sciences 15 Programme-linked Courses 10 Departmental Courses

– Departmental Core 66 – Departmental Electives 14

Open Category Courses 10 Total Graded Credit requirement 155 Non Graded Units 15 Institute Core: Basic Sciences General Chemistry Chemistry Laboratory Calculus Linear Algebra and Differential Equations Electromagnetic Waves and Quantum Mechanics Physics Laboratory Introductory Biology for Engineers Total Credits 22 Institute Core: Engineering Arts and Sciences Engineering Mechanics Introduction to Computer Science Environmental Science Introduction to Electrical Engineering Engineering Visualization Product Realization through Manufacturing Total Credits 18 Institute Core: Humanities and Social Sciences Courses from Humanities, Social Sciences and Management offered under this category Total Credits 15 Institute Core: Programme-Linked Basic / Engineering Arts / Sciences Core Mechanics of Fluids Mechanics of Solids Total Credits 10 Departmental Courses: Departmental Core Elements of Surveying Engineering Geology Engineering Geology Lab Civil Engineering Materials Environmental Engineering Soil Mechanics Soil Mechanics Lab Structural Analysis-I Structural Analysis Lab RC Design Structures & Material (Concrete) Lab Construction Practices Construction Management Introduction to Transportation Engineering Transportation Engineering Lab Hydraulics

Hydraulics Lab Engineering Hydrology Geotechnical Engineering Geotechnical Engineering Lab Structural Analysis-II Steel Design Structures & Material (Steel) Lab Design of Hydraulic Structures B.Tech. Project Part-I Structural Design & Detailing Total Credits 66 Departmental Courses: Departmental Electives Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems Industrial Waste Management Environmental Assessment Methodologies Air and Noise Pollution Construction Project Management Introduction to Railway Engineering Groundwater Water Resources Systems Urban Hydrology Frequency Analysis in Hydrology Fundamentals of Remote Sensing B.Tech. Project Part-II Ground Engineering Rock Engineering Soil Dynamics Environmental Geotechniques & Geosyntheses Design of Foundations & Retaining Structures Stability of Slopes FEM in Geotechnical Engineering Geotechnical Design Studio Underground Structures Structural Design Structural Analysis-III Prestressed Concrete & Industrial Structures Logistics and Freight Transport Introduction to Intelligent Transportation Systems Water Resources Management Water Power Engineering Groundwater & Surface-water Pollution Computational Aspects in Water Resources River Mechanics Geo-informatics Solid Waste Engineering Environmental systems analysis Environmental risk assessment Environmental Quality Modelling Pavement Materials and Design of Pavements Urban and Regional Transportation Planning Traffic Engineering Airport Planning and Design Transportation Infrastructure Design Public Transportation Systems Analytical and Numerical Methods for Structural Engineering Concrete Mechanics Design of Bridge Structures Design of Masonry Structures

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Design of Tall Buildings Prestressed and Composite Structures Advanced Concrete Technology Environmental impact assessment Emerging Technologies for Environmental Management Thermal Techniques for Waste Management Life Cycle Analysis and Design for Environment Mechanics of Sediment Transport

Advanced Transportation Modelling Geometric Design of Roads Transportation Economics Structural Safety and Reliability Theory of Plates and Shells Theory of Structural Stability Design of Offshore Structures Wind Resistant Design of Structures Total Credits 14

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Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineering comprises the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.

Electrical engineering has now subdivided into a wide range of subfields including electronics, digital computers,

power engineering, telecommunications, control systems, radio-frequency engineering, signal processing,

instrumentation, and microelectronics. Many of these subdisciplines overlap also overlap with other engineering

branches, spanning a huge number of specializations such as hardware engineering, power electronics,

electromagnetics & waves, microwave engineering, nanotechnology, electrochemistry, renewable energies,

mechatronics, electrical materials science, and many more.

Electrical and Computer Engineering covers a wide spectrum of activities in the areas of: Communications and

Networking, Signal Processing, Control, Robotics, and Dynamical Systems, Computer Engineering, Optics and

Photonics, Circuits and Systems, Electronic Materials and Devices, Bioelectronics and Systems, Applied

Electromagnetics, etc.

Electrical Engineering & Computer Science provides students a holistic view of the field, an understanding of

how to solve problems, and a focus on modelling and abstraction that prepares them for success in a wide range

of industries, from software to bioengineering.

Electrical Science and Engineering majors study circuits and devices, materials and nanotechnology,

communications, control and signal processing, and applied physics.

Computer Science and Engineering centres on computation structures, artificial intelligence, software

engineering, computer algorithms, and computer systems.

Computer Science and Molecular Biology provides an interdepartmental curriculum involving rigorous training

in both molecular biology and computer science. It aims to prepare students for careers in emerging areas at the

interface of biology and engineering -- including pharmaceuticals, bioinformatics, and computational molecular

biology.

Computer Science, Economics and Data Science - contemporary electronically mediated platforms for market-

level and individual exchange combine complex human decisions with intensive computation and data

processing, all operating within an engineered economic environment. This emerging sphere of technological and

economic activity draws expertise from three academic disciplines: computer science, economics, and data

science.

Sample industries as employers

Electrical engineering graduates can find jobs in most engineering industries. These include:

• Aerospace industry

• Automotive industry

• Chemical industry

• Construction industry

• Defence industry

• Electronics industry

• Fast moving consumer goods industry

• Marine industry

• Materials and metals industry

• Oil and gas industry

• Pharmaceuticals industry

• Power generation industry

• Rail industry

• Telecoms

• Utilities industry

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Sub-disciplines and Specialities

Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

Computer engineering

The design and control of computing devices with the application of electrical systems.

• Software engineering: the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering and computer science to software.

• Hardware engineering: designing, developing, and testing various computer equipment. Can range from circuit boards and microprocessors to routers.

• Network engineering: designing, deploying and maintaining computer networks, such as corporate networks or the Internet.

Electronic engineering

The design of circuits that use the electromagnetic properties of electrical components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors to achieve a particular functionality.

• Control engineering, focuses on the modelling of dynamic systems and the design of controllers using electrical circuits, digital signal processors and microcontrollers

• Telecommunications engineering

Optical engineering

The design of instruments and systems that utilize the properties of electromagnetic radiation.

Power engineering

The generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, and the design of devices such as transformers, electric generators, electric motors, high-voltage engineering, and power electronics.

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Electrical Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Delhi)

Institute Core Courses Basic Sciences 22 Engineering Arts and Science 18 Humanities and Social Sciences 15 Programme-linked Courses 15 Departmental Courses

– Departmental Core 60 – Departmental Electives 10

Open Category Courses 10 Total Graded Credit requirement 150 Non Graded Units 15 Institute Core: Basic Sciences General Chemistry Chemistry Laboratory Calculus Linear Algebra and Differential Equations Electromagnetic Waves and Quantum Mechanics Physics Laboratory Introductory Biology for Engineers Total Credits 22

Institute Core: Engineering Arts and Sciences Engineering Mechanics Introduction to Computer Science Environmental Science Introduction to Electrical Engineering Engineering Visualization Product Realization through Manufacturing Total Credits 18 Institute Core: Humanities and Social Sciences Courses from Humanities, Social Sciences and Management offered under this category Total Credits 15 Programme-Linked Basic / Engineering Arts / Sciences Core Data Structures and Algorithms Probability and Stochastic Processes Thermal Science for Electrical Engineers Principles of Electronic Materials Total Credits 15 Departmental Core Digital Electronics Circuit Theory Electromechanics

Electromechanics Laboratory Signals and Systems Physical Electronics Engineering Electromagnetics Electromagnetics Laboratory Control Engineering-I Control Engineering Laboratory Power Electronics Power Electronics Laboratory Power Engineering-I Power Engineering Laboratory Analog Electronic Circuits Computer Architecture Design and System Laboratory Communication Engineering Communication Engineering Laboratory B.Tech. Project-I Total Credits 60 Departmental Electives Electrical and Electronics Instrumentation Independent Study (EE1) Semiconductor process technology Antennas and Propagation Introduction to Analog Integrated Circuits Introduction to VLSI Design Digital Hardware Design Digital Signal Processing Electric Drives Multivariable Control Embedded Systems Power Systems Protection Advanced Electromechanics Computer Communication Operating Systems Robotics and Automation Machine Intelligence and Learning Multicore Systems Digital Communications Optimal Control Theory Advanced Robotics Digital Image Processing Optical Communication Systems Advanced Digital Signal Processing MOS VLSI design Analog Integrated Circuits Introduction to Machine Learning Computer Communication Networks Digital Hardware Design Total Credits 10

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Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical Engineering, is the discipline that applies engineering, physics, and materials science principles to

design, analyse, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the

design, production, and operation of machinery. It is one of the oldest and broadest of the engineering disciplines.

Mechanical Engineering begins with a solid background in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and basic

engineering science courses. This field requires an understanding of core areas including mechanics, kinematics,

thermodynamics, materials science, structural analysis, and electricity. In addition to these core principles,

mechanical engineers use tools such as computer-aided design (CAD), and product life cycle management to

design and analyse manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems,

transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices, weapons, and others.

The undergraduate programs combine a broad-based education in the engineering sciences with a strong

grounding in quantitative, problem-solving, design, and communications skills.

Sample industries as employers

• Engineering services

• Machinery manufacturing

• Computer and electronic product manufacturing

• Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

• Aerospace product and parts manufacturing

• Architectural, engineering and related services

• Scientific research and development services

• Motor vehicle parts manufacturing

• Navigational, measuring, electro-medical and control instruments manufacturing

• Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing

Sub-disciplines and Specialities

Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

Acoustical engineering

Concerns the manipulation and control of vibration, especially vibration isolation and the reduction of unwanted sounds

Mechatronics Engineering

Emphasizes on fundamental principles of Mechanical, Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Smart Materials, Piezoelectric and Magneto Rheological Device, MEMS, Nano Materials and Precision Engineering, Vehicle Dynamics, Condition Monitoring, Fracture Mechanics, Robotics, Design Automation

Manufacturing engineering

Concerns dealing with different manufacturing practices and the research and development of systems, processes, machines, tools and equipment.

Materials processing, Friction Stir Welding, Semi solid processing of composites, Thermal Spray Coatings, Severe Plastic Deformation, Advanced Materials Characterization, micromachining, nonconventional machining

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Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties

Optomechanical engineering

Field specific to the mechanical aspects of optical systems. Includes design, packaging, mounting, and alignment mechanisms specific to optical systems

• Fiber optics

• Laser systems

• Telescopes

• Cameras

• Optical instrumentation

Thermal engineering

Concerns heating or cooling of processes, equipment, or enclosed environments

• Air conditioning

• Refrigeration

• Heating, ventilating

Sports engineering

Is a field of engineering that involves the design, development and testing of sport equipment. The equipment used by athletes has always gone through technological design and development based on current knowledge and understanding.

Vehicle engineering

The design, manufacture and operation of the systems and equipment that propel and control vehicles

• Automotive engineering - design, manufacture and operation

• Naval architecture, the design, construction, operation and support of marine vehicles and structures

• Aerospace engineering - aircraft and spacecraft

• Marine engineering - boats, ships, oil rigs and any other marine vessel or structure, also encompasses oceanographic engineering.

Power plant engineering

Field of engineering that designs, construct and maintains different types of power plants. Serves as the prime mover to produce electricity.

• Geothermal power plants

• Coal-fired power plants

• Hydroelectric power plants

• Diesel engine (ICE) power plants

• Tidal power plants

• Wind turbine power plants

• Solar power plants

Energy engineering

Is a broad field of engineering dealing with energy efficiency, energy services, facility management, plant engineering, environmental compliance and alternative energy technologies. Energy engineers apply their skills to increase efficiency and further develop renewable sources of energy. The main job of energy engineers is to find the most efficient and sustainable ways to operate buildings and manufacturing processes. This includes lighting, better insulation, more efficient heating and cooling properties of buildings, and their field is not limited to strictly renewable energy like hydro, solar, biomass, or geothermal.

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Mechanical Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Delhi)

Institute Core Courses Basic Sciences 22 Engineering Arts and Science 18 Humanities and Social Sciences 15 Programme-linked Courses 11 Departmental Courses

– Departmental Core 64 – Departmental Electives 12

Open Category Courses 10 Total Graded Credit requirement 152 Non Graded Units 15 Institute Core: Basic Sciences General Chemistry Chemistry Laboratory Calculus Linear Algebra and Differential Equations Electromagnetic Waves and Quantum Mechanics Physics Laboratory Introductory Biology for Engineers Total Credits 22

Institute Core: Engineering Arts and Sciences Engineering Mechanics Introduction to Computer Science Environmental Science Introduction to Electrical Engineering Engineering Visualization Product Realization through Manufacturing Total Credits 18 Humanities and Social Sciences Courses from Humanities, Social Sciences and Management offered under this category 15 Programme-Linked Basic / Engineering Arts / Sciences Core Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering Numerical Methods and Computations Introduction to Statistics Total Credits 11 Departmental Core Solid Mechanics Fluid Mechanics Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines Manufacturing Processes-I Engineering Thermodynamics Mechanical Engineering Drawing Design of Machines Control Theory and Applications Manufacturing Processes-II Manufacturing Laboratory-I Energy systems and Technologies Heat and Mass Transfer Introduction to Operations Research

Mechanical Engineering Laboratory-I CAD and Finite Element Analysis Manufacturing Laboratory-II Manufacturing System Design Mechanical Engineering Laboratory-II B.Tech.Project CAM and Automation Total Credits 64 Departmental Electives Mini Project Acoustics and Noise Control Automotive Systems Power Train Design Special Topics Production Engineering Industrial Automation Advances in Welding Advanced Machining Processes Mechatronic Applications in Manufacturing Gas Dynamics and Propulsion Introduction to Combustion Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines Intermediate Heat Transfer Thermal Management of Electronics Mechanical Engineering Product Synthesis Investment Planning Value Engineering OR Methods in Policy Governance Quality and Reliability Engineering Special Topics in Industrial Engineering Special Topics in Mechanical Engineering Special module in Mechanical Engineering B.Tech. Project-II Automotive Structural Design Design of Brake Systems Modelling and Experiments in Heat Transfer ThermoFluid Analysis of Biosystems Electrochemical Energy Systems Automotive Prime Movers Mechanical Design of Prime Mover Elements Vehicle Dynamics Biomechanics of Trauma in Automotive Design Design Electronic Assist Systems in Automobiles Design of Steering Systems Nanomechanics Design of Precision Machines Mechatronics Product Design Product Design and Manufacturing Manufacturing Informatics Service System Design Supply Chain Management Entrepreneurship Project Management Advances in Metal Forming Machine Tool Design Surface Engineering Total Credits 12

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Computer Science Engineering

Computer Science Engineering (CSE) students get a strong foundation in electronics and hardware. The

course is meant to impart mastery in the use of the latest software technologies. Additionally, courses in

mathematics, sciences, engineering and humanities enable students to explore the wider applications of

information technology.

Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) is a discipline that integrates several fields of electrical

engineering and computer science required to develop computer hardware and software. Core courses include

programming, data structures, linear algebra, probability and random processes. ECE courses like electronics,

signals & systems, robotics, communications, VLSI, and embedded systems are also included.

Computer engineers use many of the principles and techniques of electrical engineering and many of computer

science. The major technical areas are:

• Cybersecurity

• Networking

• Design automation

• Machine intelligence

• Computer software

• Biomedical

• Embedded Systems Computer Engineering means much more than just computer programming. It includes the theory of computation,

the design and analysis of algorithms, the architecture and logic design of computers, programming languages,

compilers, operating systems, scientific computation, computer graphics, databases, artificial intelligence, and

natural language processing.

Specialisations may be offered in various areas, including but not limited to Computer Graphics, Vision and

Multimedia Computer Networks and Distributed Systems Algorithms and Complexity Formal Methods in Software

Embedded Systems and Architecture Software Systems.

Sample industries as employers

• Financial services

• Computer manufacturers

• Chemical companies

• Defence contractors

• Consulting

• Transportation

• Manufacturing

• Consumer goods

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Sub-disciplines and Specialities

Subdiscipline Scope

Coding, cryptography, and information protection

Coding, cryptography, and information protection to develop new methods for protecting various information, such as digital images and music, fragmentation, copyright infringement and other forms of tampering. Eg, wireless communications, multi-antenna systems, optical transmission, and digital watermarking

Communications and wireless networks

Those focusing on communications and wireless networks, work advancements in telecommunications systems and networks (especially wireless networks), modulation and error-control coding, and information theory. High-speed network design, interference suppression and modulation, design and analysis of fault-tolerant system, and storage and transmission schemes are all a part of this specialty

Compilers and operating systems

This specialty focuses on compilers and operating systems design and development. Engineers in this field develop new operating system architecture, program analysis techniques, and new techniques to assure quality. Examples of work in this field includes post-link-time code transformation algorithm development and new operating system development

Computational science and engineering

A relatively new discipline, includes computational methods are applied to formulate and solve complex mathematical problems in engineering and the physical and the social sciences. Examples include aircraft design, the plasma processing of nanometer features on semiconductor wafers, VLSI circuit design, radar detection systems, ion transport through biological channels, and much more

Computer networks, mobile computing, and distributed systems

Build integrated environments for computing, communications, and information access, eg, shared-channel wireless networks, adaptive resource management in various systems, and improving the quality of service in mobile and ATM environments, wireless network systems, fast Ethernet cluster wired systems

Computer systems: architecture, parallel processing, and dependability

Work on research projects that allow for reliable, secure, and high-performance computer systems. Projects such as designing processors for multi-threading and parallel processing are included in this field. Include development of new theories, algorithms, and other tools that add performance to computer systems

Computer vision and robotics Development of visual sensing technology to sense an environment, representation of an environment, and manipulation of the environment. The gathered three-dimensional information is then implemented to perform a variety of tasks. Includes improved human modelling, image communication,

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Subdiscipline Scope

and human-computer interfaces, as well as devices such as special-purpose cameras with versatile vision sensors

Embedded systems

Design technology for enhancing the speed, reliability, and performance of systems. Include automated vehicles and equipment to conduct search and rescue, automated transportation systems, and human-robot coordination to repair equipment in space

Integrated circuits, VLSI design, testing and CAD

Requires adequate knowledge of electronics and electrical systems. Engineers working in this area work on enhancing the speed, reliability, and energy efficiency of next-generation very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits and microsystems

Signal, image and speech processing

Develop improvements in human–computer interaction, including speech recognition and synthesis, medical and scientific imaging, or communications systems. Includes computer vision development such as recognition of human facial features

Computer Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (NIT Surathkal)

Institute Core Courses Basic Science Core 19 Engineering Science Core 20 Humanities and Social Science Core 9 Programme Core 60 Electives 50 Programme Major Project (PMP) 08 Mandatory Learning Courses (MLC) 05 Total 171 Basic Science Core (BSC) Engineering Mathematics – I Physics Physics Lab Engineering Mathematics – II Chemistry Chemistry Lab Concrete Mathematics Engineering Science Core (ESC) Elements of Electrical Engg. Elements of Mechanical Engg. Computer Programming Computer Programming Lab Elements of Electronics Communication Engg. Engineering Mechanics Engineering Graphics

Humanities and Social Science Core (HSC) Professional Communication Engineering Economics Principles of Management Program Core (PC) Computer Organization and Architecture Theory of Computation Design of Digital Systems Data Structures and Algorithms Design of Digital Systems Lab Data Structures and Algorithms Lab Data Communication Software Engineering Operating Systems Design and Analysis of Algorithms Operating Systems Lab Software Engineering Lab Computer Networks Database Management Systems Computer Networks Lab Database Management Systems Lab Compiler Design Compiler Design Lab Computer Graphics Mini Project

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Department Specific Elective (PSE) Courses Principles of Programming Language Information Systems System Programming Object Oriented Programming Microprocessor Systems Unix Network Programming Computer Graphics and Multimedia Number Theory and Cryptography Simulation and Modeling( Object Oriented Systems Computer Architecture Lab Introduction to Graph Theory Advanced Data Structures Logic for Computer Science Information Security Web Engineering Soft Computing Advanced Computer Networks Formal Methods Distributed Computing Internet Technology and Applications Quantitative Computer Architecture Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems Advances in Compiler Design Distributed Database System Game Theory Digital Image Processing Optimization Techniques in Computing Wireless Networks Software Project Management Green Computing Distributed Computing Lab Soft Computing Lab Software Testing Combinatorial Optimization High Performance Computing Data Warehousing and Data Mining

Network Management Cloud Computing Network Security Distributed Algorithms Information Retrieval Software Quality Assurance Computer Vision Mobile Computing Service Oriented Computing Parallel Programming Machine Intelligence Algorithmic Graph Theory Open Elective (OE) Object Oriented Programming Concepts Microprocessor Systems Problem Solving Techniques in Computers Bioinformatics Heterogeneous Parallel Computing Information Security Soft Computing Internet Technologies Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems Software Project Management Management Information Systems Decision Support Systems High Performance Computing Programme Major Project (PMP) Major Project - I Major Project – II Mandatory Learning Courses (MLC) Environmental Studies Professional Ethics and Human Values Seminar Practical Training/Educational Tour

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Metallurgical & Materials Engineering

Metallurgical & Materials Engineering covers a broad spectrum of materials science & engineering and industrial

metallurgy (metal casting, metal joining, metal forming and materials technology). Studies encompass the broad

areas of materials processing (forming, joining, casting, particulate processing, nanostructured materials),

characterisation (X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, thermal analysis, scanning probe microscopy),

mechanical testing, environmental degradation, surface engineering, and computational materials science.

The primary goal of the Metallurgical and Materials Engineering program is to provide students with a fundamental

knowledge-base associated with materials-processing, their properties, and their selection and application.

The emphasis is on materials processing operations which encompass: the conversion of mineral and chemical

resources into metallic, ceramic or polymeric materials; the synthesis of new materials; refining and processing

to produce high performance materials for applications from consumer products to automobiles, aerospace and

electronics; the development of mechanical, chemical and physical properties of materials related to their

processing and structure; and the selection of materials for specific applications.

All fields of engineering involve metallic, ceramic, polymeric, or composite materials. Exciting challenges exist

today in the development and application of new materials, which range from the new generation of

superconductors and ultra-lightweight composites to new magnetic-recording media and sophisticated high-

temperature alloys.

Materials science is also an important part of forensic engineering and failure analysis - investigating materials,

products, structures or components which fail or which do not operate or function as intended, causing personal

injury or damage to property. Such investigations are key to understanding, for example, the causes of various

aviation accidents and incidents.

Sample industries as employers

The metallurgical profession is extremely diverse, and it offers a wide variety of career opportunities for young

people who have an interest in technology, science and engineering. Metallurgical engineers are employed in

every industry and enterprise that produces, buys, sells refines or manufactures metals or metallic products.

▪ Aerospace product and parts manufacturing ▪ Engineering services ▪ Primary metal manufacturing ▪ Computer and electronic product manufacturing ▪ Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences

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Key research areas

Area Description

Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties.

Biomaterials

A biomaterial is any matter, surface, or construct that interacts with biological systems. Biomaterials can be derived either from nature or synthesized in a laboratory using a variety of chemical approaches using metallic components, polymers, bioceramics, or composite materials. They are often used and/or adapted for a medical application, and thus comprises whole or part of a living structure or biomedical device which performs, augments, or replaces a natural function.

Electronic, optical, and magnetic

Semiconductors, metals, and ceramics are used today to form highly complex systems, such as integrated electronic circuits, optoelectronic devices, and magnetic and optical mass storage media. This field also includes new areas of research such as superconducting materials, spintronics, metamaterials, etc.

Computational science and theory

With the increase in computing power, simulating the behavior of materials has become possible. This involves simulating materials at all length scales, using methods such as density functional theory, molecular dynamics, etc.

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Emerging technologies in materials science

Emerging

technology Status

Potentially

marginalized

technologies

Potential applications

Aerogel

Hypothetical,

experiments,

diffusion, early uses

Traditional

insulation, glass

Improved insulation, insulative glass

if it can be made clear, sleeves for oil

pipelines, aerospace, high-heat &

extreme cold applications

Amorphous metal Experiments Kevlar Armor

Conductive polymers

Research,

experiments,

prototypes

Conductors Lighter and cheaper wires, antistatic

materials, organic solar cells

Femtotechnology,

picotechnology Hypothetical Present nuclear

New materials; nuclear weapons,

power

Fullerene Experiments, diffusion

Synthetic diamond

and carbon

nanotubes (e.g.,

Buckypaper)

Programmable matter

Graphene

Hypothetical,

experiments,

diffusion, early uses

Silicon-

based integrated

circuit

Components with higher strength to

weight ratios, transistors that operate

at higher frequency, lower cost of

display screens in mobile devices,

storing hydrogen for fuel cell

powered cars, filtration systems,

longer-lasting and faster-charging

batteries, sensors to diagnose

diseases

High-temperature

superconductivity

Cryogenic receiver

front-end (CRFE) RF

and microwave

filter systems for

mobile phone base

stations; prototypes

in dry ice;

Hypothetical and

experiments for

higher temperatures

Copper wire,

semiconductor

integral circuits

No loss conductors, frictionless

bearings, magnetic levitation,

lossless high-

capacity accumulators, electric cars,

heat-free integral circuits and

processors

LiTraCon

Experiments, already

used to make Europe

Gate

Glass Building skyscrapers, towers, and

sculptures like Europe Gate

Metamaterials

Hypothetical,

experiments, diffusion Classical optics

Microscopes, cameras, meta-

material cloaking, cloaking devices

Metal foam

Research,

commercialisation Hulls Space colonies, floating cities

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Emerging

technology Status

Potentially

marginalized

technologies

Potential applications

Multi-function

structures

Hypothetical,

experiments, some

prototypes, few

commercial

Composite

materials mostly

Wide range, e.g., self health

monitoring, self healing material,

morphing

Nanomaterials: carbon

nanotubes

Hypothetical,

experiments,

diffusion, early uses

Structural steel &

aluminium

Stronger, lighter materials, space

elevator

Programmable matter

Hypothetical,

experiments Coatings, catalysts

Wide range,

e.g., claytronics, synthetic biology

Quantum dots

Research,

experiments,

prototypes

LCD, LED

Quantum dot laser, future use as

programmable matter in display

technologies (TV, projection), optical

data communications (high-speed

data transmission), medicine (laser

scalpel)

Silicene

Hypothetical,

research

Field-effect

transistors

Superalloy Research, diffusion

Aluminium,

titanium, composite

materials

Aircraft jet engines

Synthetic diamond

early uses (drill bits,

jewellery) Silicon transistors Electronics

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Metallurgical & Materials Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Bombay)

Materials & Technology Structure of Materials Thermodynamics of Materials Mechanics of Materials Transport Phenomena Experimental Techniques in Materials Science Engineering Metallurgy Metallography and Structural Characterisation Lab Experimentation and Measurement lab Data Analysis and Interpretation Computation Lab Phase Transformations Mechanical working of metals Kinetics of Processes Heat Treatment Laboratory Electronic Properties of Materials Mechanical Behaviour of Materials Principles of Process Metallurgy Casting and Joining Lab Manufacturing Processes Laboratory Phase Transformations Mechanical behaviour of Metals Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy Metal Casting and Joining Mech. Testing Lab. Seminar Process Control Theory and Instrumentation Semiconductor Devices and Processing Iron and Steelmaking Colloidal & Interfacial Science Computation and Controls Lab Equipment and Process Design Lab Manufacturing Process Seminar Thin Films Lab Instrumentation and Process Control Theory Engg. Polymers & Composites of Materials Corrosion & Protection of Materials Corrosion & Protection Lab Science and Technology of Thin Films Processing and Characterization of Steel (Lab.) Computational Laboratory Advanced Physical and Mechanical Metallurgy Advanced Concepts in Iron Making Advanced Concepts in Steel Making Thermomechanical Processing and Forming of Steel

Polymer Blends and Composites Modelling of Microstructural Evaluation Numerical Methods in Materials Processing Modelling of Metallurgical Processes Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Corrosion Processes Protective Coatings Thermodynamics of Materials Advanced Ceramics Characterisation of Materials Advanced Composites Modelling and Analysis Simulation and Optimisation Transport Phenomena Corrosion Control Practice for Industries Computational Methods for Metal Forming Analysis Mechanical Behaviour of Thin Films Materials & Processes for Semiconductor Devices Diffusion and Kinetics Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Welding Science and Technology X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Microscopy Electrical and Magnetic Materials Non-Crystalline Materials Topics in Phase Transformations High Temperature Corrosion II Stage Project Corrosion Laboratory Aqueous Corrosion and its Control Nanomaterials for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Laser Processing and Nanostructures Organic Semiconductors and Devices Characterization of Materials for Corrosion Control Topics in Mechanical Behaviour of Materials Experiments in Advanced Materials Processing (Lab) Structural Characterization of Materials Mechanical Characterization of Materials Electrical Characterization of Materials Material Characterization at High Temperatures Characterization Techniques in Corrosion Science Physical Metallurgy Physics of Materials Semiconductor Photoelectrochemistry and Photocatalysis Communication Skills -II

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Production and Industrial Engineering

Industrial and Production Engineering (IPE) is a combination of mechanical engineering and industrial

engineering and management science. It is a branch of engineering concerned with the development,

improvement, implementation and evaluation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information,

equipment, energy, materials and processes.

Production Engineering is a specialised area of Mechanical Engineering. The objective of the discipline is to

enable engineers to improve efficiency and effectiveness of manufacturing and service sector Industries. The

curriculum includes basic mechanical engineering subjects. Some of them are engineering mechanics, the

strength of materials, machine design, thermodynamics, heat transfer etc. The course makes graduates

compatible with the existing and emerging needs of the industry. B.E or B.Tech in Industrial and Production.

Engineering is a four-year programme. Those who have done B.E or B.Tech in Industrial and Production

Engineering would understand existing technological trends and help to add new technology to the existing

system. Most leading manufacturing houses look out for engineers who specialise in Industrial Production to

reduce cost, increase efficiency and make their products marketable in the competitive era.

Sample industries as employers

Manufacturing engineers are closely connected with engineering and industrial design efforts. Some key industries where manufacturing engineers are employed include:

• Aerospace industry

• Automotive industry

• Chemical industry

• Computer industry

• Electronics industry

• Food processing industry

• Garment industry

• Pharmaceutical industry

• Pulp and paper industry

• Toy industry

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Sub-disciplines and Specialities

Subdiscipline Scope

Mechanics

Engineering Mechanics is used to analyse and predict the acceleration and deformation (both elastic and plastic) of objects under known forces (also called loads) or stresses. Subdisciplines of mechanics include:

• Statics, the study of non-moving bodies under known loads

• Dynamics (or kinetics), the study of how forces affect moving bodies

• Mechanics of materials, the study of how different materials deform under various types of stress

• Fluid mechanics, the study of how fluids react to forces

• Continuum mechanics, a method of applying mechanics that assumes that objects are continuous (rather than discrete)

Kinematics

Kinematics is the study of the motion of bodies (objects) and systems (groups of objects), while ignoring the forces that cause the motion. Kinematics can be used to find the possible range of motion for a given mechanism, or, working in reverse, can be used to design a mechanism that has a desired range of motion.

Drafting

Drafting or technical drawing is the means by which manufacturers create instructions for manufacturing parts. A technical drawing can be a computer model or hand-drawn schematic showing all the dimensions necessary to manufacture a part, as well as assembly notes, a list of required materials, and other pertinent information. Drafting is used in nearly every subdiscipline of mechanical and manufacturing engineering, and by many other branches of engineering and architecture. Three-dimensional models created using CAD software are also commonly used in finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Mechatronics

Mechatronics is an engineering discipline that deals with the convergence of electrical, mechanical and manufacturing systems. The term mechatronics is typically used to refer to macroscopic systems, but futurists have predicted the emergence of very small electromechanical devices.

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Production and Industrial Engineering: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Delhi)

Institute Core Courses Basic Sciences 20 Engineering Arts and Science 24 Humanities and Social Sciences 1 Departmental Courses

– Departmental Core 66 – Departmental Electives 24 – HM 14

Open Category Courses 31 Total Graded Credit requirement 180 Institute Core: Basic Science Inorganic and Organic Chemistry: Concepts and Applications 4 Chemistry Laboratory 2 Mathematics – I 4 Mathematics -II 4 Physics of Materials 4 Physics Laboratory 2 TOTAL BS Core 20 Engineering Arts and Sciences (EAS) Core Engineering Mechanics 4 Materials Science 4 Introduction to Computers and Programming 4 OR Introduction to Computer Science 4 Principles of Electrical Engineering 4 Graphic Science 4 Manufacturing Practices 4 TOTAL EAS Core 24 Humanities and Social Sciences (HU) Core Introduction to Humanities and Social Sciences 1 Departmental Core (DC) Mechanics of Solids and Fluids 5 Colloquium (PE) 3 Major Project Part 1 (PE) 3

Major Project Part 2 (PE) 7 Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines 4 Industrial Engineering and Operations Research 4 Casting and Welding 4 Metal Forming and Machining 5 Metrology and Quality Assurance 4 Machine Element Design 5 Operations Planning and Controls 4 Machine-tools and CNC Manufacturing 4 Computers in Manufacturing Enterprises 4 Introduction to Production and Industrial Engineering 2 Mechanical Engineering Drawing 3 Design Innovation and Manufacturing 2 Process Engineering and Tool Design Project 3 Practical Training (PE) NC TOTAL DC 66 Departmental Electives (DE) Mini Project (PE) 4 Concurrent Engineering 4 Control Theory and Applications 5 Investment Planning 4 Value Engineering 4 Design and Manufacturing of Composites 4 Low Cost Automation 4 Advances in Metal Forming 4 Advances in Welding 4 Creativity in Engineering 4 Mechatronics 4 Computer Aided Mechanical Design 4 Vibrations Engineering Design 4 Robotics Engineering 4 Total Quality Management 4 Project Management 4 Flexible Manufacturing Systems 4 Materials Management 4 CNC Machines and Programming 4 Microprocessor Applications in Manufacturing 4 Micro- and Nano-Manufacturing 4 Design for Manufacturing and Assembly 4 Geometric Modelling for Manufacturing 4 Injection Moulding and Mould Design 4

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Textile Technology

The UG program in Textile Technology primarily covers development and characterization of the polymeric raw

materials and methods of conversion of the same into textile materials followed by further value addition and

appropriate engineering into niche products. Issues related to the management of the production facilities and

marketing the products are also covered adequately.

During the first two semesters, the students take courses in basic sciences, engineering arts and sciences, and

humanities and social sciences which are common to students of all disciplines. During the next two semesters,

the students take a set of departmental core subjects in Textile Technology. From the fifth semester onwards

they opt for departmental elective courses. In the new curriculum, there is increased emphasis on design, product

and process development activities. In the final year, students are required to work on a project under the

supervision of a faculty member. They also undergo practical training in an industrial establishment as part of

their overall engineering education.

The activities are focused on niche and futuristic areas, such as Smart textiles, Nanotechnology applications,

Biotextiles, Engineering of functional apparel, etc. The department offers a plethora of courses, ranging from the

study of molecular structure and characterization of fibres to manufacturing of fabrics and special functional

coatings (water repellent, stain resistant, crease resistant, flame retardant, etc.). Apart from the core courses,

there are an intriguing range of departmental elective courses to choose from.

Current areas of Doctoral and post-doctoral research include study of structure and properties of fibres and fibrous

materials, analysis and design of yarn and fabric formation systems, mechanics of production processes, comfort

properties of textiles, optimization and mechanism of dyeing and preparatory processes, eco friendly processing,

micro encapsulation, antimicrobial finishes, nanotechnology applications, plasma treatment, design of technical

textiles, smart and innovative textiles, electroconductive textiles, medical textiles and tissue engineering, polymer

composites and apparel engineering.

Some unique applications/industries

Application/ Industry

Scope

Automobile/ Aeronautics

A major percentage of their bodies is made up of textile structural composites, which give

the advantage of high strength-to-weight ratio as opposed to conventional use of metals.

Related courses in this field offer knowledge about the structure, working and mechanics

of such materials

ASIMO/ Humanoid robots

Artificial muscles are one of the integral ingredients in the making of robots. Laparoscopic

surgeries also use robotic arms to assist the surgeon. Studies in the field of polymer

science are being used to develop artificial muscles

Tissue engineering/ Artificial skin/ 3D bioprinting

Medical textiles courses provide insights on how Textiles can be combined with

Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology to create evolutionary products, such as,

bandages which prevent post burn contractions, super absorbent adult/baby diapers, etc.

Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) and Translucent concrete

New technologies are under development and in use. Textile reinforced concrete textiles

can significantly improve the mechanical behaviour of cement matrices under static and

modern concrete technology

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Application/ Industry

Scope

Nanotechnology, Functional Textiles

This is one of the most appealing sphere in the world of textiles. Carbon nanotubes,

electro-spinning, temperature controlled functional clothing, UV resistant nanofinishes

(as a solution to the temporary sunscreens) are some of the latest developments

Textile Business Management

One can opt for courses like Supply Chain Management, Costing, Project Appraisal and

Finance, Operations Management, to name a few

Textile Technology: Sample Credit Structure (IIT Delhi)

Colloquium (TT) 3 Mini Project (TT) 3 Major Project Part 1 (TT) 3 Major Project Part 2 (TT) 7 Structure and Physical Properties of Fibres 3 Manufactured Fibre Technology 4 Yarn Manufacture - I 4 Yarn Manufacture - II 4 Fabric Manufacture - I 4 Fabric Manufacture - II 4 Technology of Textile Preparation and Finishing 3 Technology of Textile Coloration 4 High Performance Fibrous Structures and Composites 3 High Performance and Specialty Fibres 3 Mechanics of Spinning Machinery 3 Mechanics of Spinning Processes 3 Process Control in Spinning 3 Spinning of Man-made Fibres and Blends 3 Fabric Structure and Analysis 3 Computer Aided Fabric Manufacturing 3 Process Control in Weaving 3 Polymers and Surfactants for Textiles 3 Apparel Technology 3 Clothing Science 3 Textile Testing 3 Theory of Textile Structures 5 Technical Textiles 4

Intelligent and Functional Textile 2 Costing and its Application in Textiles 4 Textured Yarn Technology 3 Environment Management in Textile and Allied Industries 3 Management of Textile Production 3 Design of Experiments and Statistical Techniques 3 Introduction to Textile Technology 2 Design of Textile Products and Processes 2 Introduction to Fibres 2 Manufactured Fibre Technology Laboratory 1 Yarn Manufacture Laboratory - I 1 Yarn Manufacture Laboratory - II 1 Fabric Manufacture Laboratory - I 1 Fabric Manufacture Laboratory - II 2 Technology of Textile Preparation and Finishing Laboratory 1.5 Technology of Textile Coloration Laboratory 1.5 Simulation of Fibre Production Processes 3 Textile Testing Laboratory 1 Professional Practices (TT) 2 Independent Study (TT) 3 Practical Training (TT) 0 Special Module in Yarn Manufacture 1 Special Module in Fabric Manufacture 1 Special Module in Textile Chemical Processing 1 Special Module in Fibre Science 1 Special Module in Textile Technology 1