Art_Participatory Research Methods a Methodological Approach in Motion

7/27/2019 Art_Participatory Research Methods a Methodological Approach in Motion

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)(RJ! )engt LARK==(! 1esook =u?ie LI3! and )rendan 3c4(R3A4Lidentify processes that enhance the motivation for participatory ork inprofessional treatment teams and create communicative spaces. In hercontribution! Tina 4((L reflects on the problems that occurred hen conductingto participatory studies hich focused not only on the participation ofpatients>service users of psychiatric institutions! but also on oint reflection on!and the development of! shared understanding about the specific characteristicsof the participants# life situation. Against the background of eDperiences inresearch ith young people! the contributions by Audrey 3. TIT1! Kynda3A=(R! and 3ichael P. (#3AKK! and by 4laire 3c4ARTA! irk=41H)(TO! and 8onathan 3HRP1! focus on the possibilities and challengesof overcoming established poer structures in participatory proects. 8ean RAT1presents a participatory approach aimed at eDtending the possibilities of co$

constructing eDperiences and meanings. =he crafts poems from intervietranscripts. As part of a "layered teDt!" these poems provide access to the manymeanings eDplicitly and implicitly eDpressed in the intervies ith the researchpartners. =tephanie J(L and agmar LH)A=LI propose that participatoryresearch in the area of disability research in the Jerman$speaking countries beeDtended to include emancipatory! inclusive! and trans$disciplinary approaches.3oreover'like 8asna RH==('they effectively argue in favor of a radicali?ationof participatory research. All three authors contend that responsibility for researchshould be assumed by the persons concerned'in J(L and LH)A=LI#spaper! by the persons affected by disability! and in RH==(#s contribution! by"survivors!" that is! people ho have eDperienced psychiatric treatment. Againstthe background of democracy theory! 3onika JNT=41! =abine LKIJR andAndreas T1I= reflect on the re%uirements that arise in the course of thereali?ation of a participatory research proect. And finally! in her article on thedevelopment of participatory proects after the collapse of the military dictatorshipin Argentina! =ylvia KO demonstrates the importance of democracy as aconteDt for participatory research. E7F

The combination of practice change and collaborative research'as in the case ofPAR'is possible and makes good sense. onetheless! action research andparticipatory research are also conducted separately! or applied ith different

emphases in one research proect. As L33I= and 3cTAJJART @+


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are essential for the process of knoledge production because they promise ane and different take on the subect under study! and thereby enable thediscovery of ne aspects. E*+F

In order to facilitate sufficient openness! a "safe space" is needed! in hich theparticipants can be confident that their utterances ill not be used against them!and that they ill not suffer any disadvantages if they eDpress critical ordissenting opinions. It is not a %uestion of creating a conflict$free space! butrather of ensuring that the conflicts that are revealed can be ointly discussed&that they can either be solved or! at least! accepted as different positions& andthat a certain level of conflict tolerance is achieved. E*,F

)uilding on L33I= @+


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community members. 1oever! hat is decisive is that remuneration signali?essocial recognition of the value of the individual#s contribution to research. Ifparticipatory research genuinely aims to put the relationship ith researchpartners on an e%ual footing! then the socially dominant form of recognition mustbe used. It should be noted that financial resources for the co$researchers mustbe alloed for hen planning participatory research proects! and that fundingbodies must be re%uested to accept the inclusion of such resources in thefinancial plan. E,7F

). Challenges and tas,s facing all the research partners

In the classical research setting! the relationship beteen researchers andresearched seems to be clearly defined. )asically! it is a non$relationship in hich

the researcher is! as far as possible! neutral or invisible. Anything else isconsidered to lead to the distortion of the results or to threaten the internalvalidity. E,9F

This situation changes radically hen the relationship beteen the participants isput on a participatory footing. In this case! the perspectives of the variouspartners and their differences of opinion are important for the process ofdiscovery& obectivity and neutrality must be replaced by reflective subectivity. E,MF

This calls for illingness on the part of the research partners from the life$orldunder study to enter into the research process! and the necessary knoledge andability to participate productively. An apparent dilemma inherent in participatoryresearch becomes visible here. (n the one hand! participatory research aims! inparticular! to involve marginali?ed groups in the production of knoledge and! byso doing! to foster empoerment. (n the other hand! these are the verydemographic groups ho are characteri?ed by a lack of competencies and socialcapital @cf. )(HRIH! *M9,B. -or this reason! they are deemed also to belacking the competencies necessary to participate in the research process. E2


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-rom the perspective of social constructivism'hich can be dran on here as ameta$theoretical approach @JRJR! *M95B'the concept of "%uality" in thesocial constructivist sense is a socially defined concept. /=T3R @+

/ithin the frameork of the present Introduction! e shall briefly demonstrate

ho this perspective can offer a starting point for tackling the problem of %ualitycriteria in participatory research. EM+F

To begin ith! one must identify the various institutions and groups of participantsto hom the participatory research proect is accountable. A revie of theliterature reveals that one can roughly state that participatory research proectsare confronted ith the task of demonstrating the %uality of their ork to suchdiverse social institutions as: science! politics! public administration! the system ofpsycho$social practice! medicine! and! above all! the users or user groups. In thecourse of the history of the estern orld! science has established itself as thesocial subsystem that udges hether something is "true!" in the sense of correctknoledge. 1oever! participatory research is accountable to many socialinstitutions for hom the criterion of "truth" in the scientific sense of the ord is ofonly secondary importance. Therefore! from no on e shall not refer to "%ualitycriteria!" but rather to ustificatory arguments employed in the institutional orconteDtual discourses in %uestion. /e argue that! in the course of socialdevelopment in the various social spheres of activity! different systems ofcommunication and action ith different ustificatory norms have evolved.2achsocial institution has developed its on values and argumentative structures! andit uses all the poers at its disposal to enforce them. Therefore! the argumentsused by researchers to ustify a participatory research proect and its findings

must correspond to these structures because! otherise! they ill not beaccepted. EM,F

In everyday research practice! these diverse ustificatory re%uirements lead toconsiderable difficulties because their systematic dissimilarity is not recogni?ed.Rather! they are eDperienced as incompatible demands that can scarcely beade%uately responded to at the one time. This can be clearly seen in a number ofcontributions to the present special issue. (n the basis of four eDamples derivedfrom these articles! e shall outline the conse%uences that such diverse!subsystem$specific ustificatory structures have. EM2F

2 In a similar ay! )RHR and RI41RTO @+


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The research proect and the publication of the results can have considerablenegative conse%uences for the research participants. This is demonstrated byTIT1 et al. @+


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Qualitati*e So+ialforschung , Forum- Qualitati*e Social !esearch! #@*B! Art. 6!http:>>nbn$resolving.de>urn:nbn:de:urn:nbn:de:


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Rath! 8ean @+>nbn$resolving.de>urn:nbn:de:


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Art_Participatory Research Methods a Methodological Approach in Motion

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