Slide 1

Artificial Water Storage in Artificial Islands Marloes van Ginkel Theo Olsthoorn Deltas in Times of Climate Change II Rotterdam, 25 September 2014

Slide 2

ASR Aquifer Storage Recovery MAR Managed Aquifer Recharge Artificial Subsurface Water Storage 2

Slide 3

Water Storage Seasonal storage Long-term storage Emergency storage Reclaimed water storage for reuse 3

Slide 4

Subsurface Storage Pros Multifunctional use of the area large space available land requirements are minimal Advantages for water quality Constant temperature, absence of sunlight heating and evaporation losses No mosquitoes or algal bloom Potential bacteriological purification and equalisation of the water quality 4 Requirements: Water Sandy soil Wells

Slide 5

Artificial Islands 5 Palm Jumeirah Dubai Maasvlakte II Rotterdam Eko Atlantic Lagos

Slide 6

Artificial Islands Constructed of sand Designed from scratch High water demands Limited freshwater resources High land prices 6

Slide 7

Water Demand 7

Slide 8

Water Supply Pipeline from the Main Land Seawater desalination Rainwater Harvesting Reuse 8

Slide 9

Construction from Scratch 9

Slide 10

10

Slide 11

11

Slide 12

Closed system Clogging of filter bed and drainage pipe Maintenance is difficult Seepage pollutes the system 12

Slide 13

Partly open system Prevention of aerobic conditions Regular flushing Mixing Limit mixing with a homogeneous soil Density stratification Limit spreading with walls Limit buoyancy by layering 13

Slide 14

14

Slide 15

15

Slide 16

16

Slide 17

17

Slide 18

18

Slide 19

Take Home Messages Artificial islands provide opportunities for water storage Building with nature to create optimal storage conditions 19 Contact me for more information Marloes.van.Ginkel@rhdhv.com Or visit our stand