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Artificial Intelligence

Lecture 1

Dr. Yosser ATASSI

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• Textbook: Stuart Russell & Peter Norvig "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach" Prentice Hall Series in Artificial Intelligence.

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Syllabus

I Artificial Intelligence1 Introduction2 Intelligent Agents

II Problem-solving3 Solving Problems by Searching4.Informed Search and Exploration 5.Constraint Satisfaction Problems 6. Adversarial Search

III Knowledge and reasoning7. Logical Agents 8. First-Order Logic9. Inference in First-Order Logic 10. Knowledge Representation

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IV Machine learning

IV Machine learning Two layer artificial neural networks

1. Biological motivation; 2. ANN representation; 3. Perceptrons; 4. Worked example; 5. The learning abilities of perceptrons;

Multi-layer artificial neural networks 1. Architectures; 2. Backpropagation; 3. Worked example; 4. Avoiding local minima; 5. Overfitting considerations; 6. Appropriate problems for ANNs;

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Introduction

• What is AI

• AI history

• Approaches to AI

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Approaches to AI

• Learning

• Rule-Based Systems

• Search

• Planning

• Ability-Based Areas

• Robotics

• Agents

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Learning

• Explanation– Discovery – Data Mining

• No Explanation– Neural Nets– Case Based Reasoning

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Learning: Explanation

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Learning: No Explanation

• Neural nets

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Rule-Based SystemsRule-Based Systems

• Logic Languages– Prolog, Lisp

• Knowledge bases

• Inference engines

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Rule-Based Languages: Prolog

Rule-Based Languages: Prolog

Father(abraham, isaac). Male(isaac).Father(haran, lot). Male(lot).Father(haran, milcah). Female(milcah).Father(haran, yiscah). Female(yiscah).

Son(X,Y) Father(Y,X), Male(X).Daughter(X,Y) Father(Y,X), Female(X).

Son(lot, haran)?

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RuleBased

Systems

RuleBased

Systems

• KRS

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SearchSearch

• “All AI is search”– Game theory– Problem spaces

• Every problem is a “virtual” tree of all possible (successful or unsuccessful) solutions.

• The trick is to find an efficient search strategy.

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Search: Game TheorySearch: Game Theory

9!+1 = 362,880

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Natural Language RecognitionNatural Language Recognition

You give me the gold

pronounn

verb pronound

article noun

VP NP

VP

NP

VP

NP

sentencew

PERSON:Joe

PERSON:FredTRANSACTION

GOLD: X

REPT

OBJ

AGNT

Audio

Words

Syntax

Context

Semantics