Artificial Intelligence

Simon Lynch

This session• what is the subject about?• course structure• an example AI system

intelligence (?)

learning

problem solving

vision

language production

speech generation

expertiseknowledge

speech recognition

language understanding

social interaction

negotiation, collaboration & deceit

the subject areacriteria• activities requiring intelligence (primate, ant...)• common tools & techniques

approach• grounded in cross disciplinary science• advanced techniques for code/system construction

styles• symbolic – “open box” (expert systems, planning,

etc)• non-symbolic – “black-box” (neural nets, some evolution)

this course

• tools, techniques & applications• 90% symbolic, 10% non-symbolic• agent based

• lab sessionsexperimentationsome programming

types of agency

• small scale eg: Netlogoautonomous but limited communication

• generic eg: Jade, Boris (.NET?)communicative & distributed

• BDI eg: 2APL, Goal, Jasonintentional (have plans & goals)

a brief example

• a multi-modal dialog system• parallel I/O• some networked components• user dialog• implemented as MAS

a multimodal dialog system

SpeechRecognition

LanguageEngine Pragm atic

Integration

DialogManager

ExpertSystem

SpeechSynthesis

W orkingKn Base

LTMKn Base

LanguageGeneration

GUIModels

V isualiser

W igitInput

synchronisation

synchronisation

Natural Language Processing

• what it does• what is involved• why is it difficult

sentence structured repns of meaning

"how old is my help3.doc file?"

Lisp: (query (file-detail 'date "C:/help3.doc"))

"the large cat chased the rat"

Logic: (1s1 • large(s1) feline(s1))

( 1s2 • rodent(s2)) chased(s1, s2 )

"the young boy ate a bad apple"

CD Graph ...see next page...

CD graph "the young boy ate a bad apple"

what is involved

symbolic computationie: symbols manipulated by symbol processors

search & inference

knowledge representation techniques

example sentences

• the old man the boats

• my car drinks petrol

• I saw the Eiffel Tower flying to Paris

• he opened the door with the keyhe opened the door with the squeaking hinge

• the boy kicked the ball under the treethe boy kicked the wall under the tree

• put the bottles in the box on the shelf by the door