Artificial intelligence priti sajja spuniversity

Artificial Intelligence

Priti Srinivas Sajja Associate Professor

Department of Computer Science Sardar Patel University

Visit priti sajja.info for detail

1 Created By Priti Srinivas Sajja


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid

Knowledge Based Systems

Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction


Natural intelligence

Responds to situations flexibly.

Makes sense of ambiguous or erroneous messages.

Assigns relative importance to elements of a

situation.

Finds similarities even though the situations might

be different.

Draws distinctions between situations even though

there may be many similarities between them.

Introduction


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction


Artificial intelligence

Introduction


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction



Introduction

where people are better

human thought process

characteristics we associate with intelligence

knowledge using symbols

heuristic methods

non-algorithmic

Constituents of artificial intelligence


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction



Introduction

Extreme

solution, either

best or worst

taking

(infinite) time

time

Acceptable

solution in

acceptable

time

Nature of AI solutions


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction


Testing Intelligence

AI Tests

Turing test will fail to test for intelligence in two circumstances;

1. A machine may well be

intelligent without being able to chat exactly like a human; and;

2. The test fails to capture the general properties of intelligence, such as the ability to solve difficult problems or come up with

original insights. If a

machine can solve a difficult problem that no person could solve, it would, in principle, fail the test.

Can you tell

me what is

222222*67344

?

Why

Sir?

The Boss could not judge who was replying, thus the machine is as intelligent as the secretary.

The Turing test


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction


Can you find any test to check the given system is intelligent or not?

AI Tests

If it talks like human

Translates, summarizes, and learns

Solves your problem

Reacts differently

Walks, perceives, tests,

smells, and feels like human

conceptually form a test

and use it in different situation

before accepting it.

Makes and understands joke


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction


Rich & Knight (1991) classified and described the different areas that Artificial Intelligence techniques have been applied to as follows:

Applications Mundane Tasks

• Perception - vision and

speech

• Natural language

understanding, generation,

and translation

• Commonsense reasoning

• Robot control Formal Tasks

• Games - chess,

backgammon, checkers, etc.

• Mathematics- geometry,

logic, integral calculus,

theorem proving, etc.

Expert Tasks

• Engineering - design, fault

finding, manufacturing

planning, etc.

• Scientific analysis

• Medical diagnosis

• Financial analysis


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction


Basic transactions by operational

staff using data processing

Middle management uses reports/info.

generated though analysis and acts

accordingly

Higher management generates

knowledge by synthesizing

information

Strategy makers apply morals,

principles, and experience to generate

policies

Wisdom (experience)

Knowledge (synthesis)

Information (analysis)

Data (processing of raw observations )

Volume Sophistication

and complexity

TPS

DSS, MIS

KBS

WBS

IS

Data pyramid

Data Pyramid


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction


According to the classifications by Tuthhill & Levy (1991), five main types

of KBS exists:

Expert systems

Linked Systems

CASE based Systems

Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Intelligent User Interface for Database

Knowledge base

Inference engine

User interface

Explanation and

reasoning

Self- learning

General structure of KBS Knowledge Based systems


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction Knowledge Sources and Types


Knowledge Based systems


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction Knowledge Representation


Knowledge Based systems


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction Intelligence, explanation and reasoning

Partial self learning, uncertainty handling

Documentation of knowledge

Proactive problem solving

Cost effectiveness

Nature of knowledge

Large volume of knowledge

Knowledge acquisition techniques

Little support to engineer AI based systems

Shelf life of knowledge and system

Development Effort


Pros and Cons


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction Bio-Inspired Computing New approaches to AI

Taking inspiration form nature and biological systems

Includes models such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN),

Genetic Algorithm(GA),

Swarm Intelligence(SI), etc.

Nature has virtues of self learning, evolution, emergence and immunity

The objective of bio-inspired models and techniques to take inspiration from Mother Nature and solve problems in more effective and intelligent way


Bio-inspired


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction Artificial Neural Network (ANN) An artificial neural network (ANN) is connectionist model of

programming using computers.

An ANN attempts to give computers humanlike abilities by mimicking the human brain’s functionality.

The human brain consists of a network of more than a hundred billions interconnected neurons working in a parallel fashion.


Bio-inspired

A biological neuron An artificial neuron

X2

X1

XiWi

W1

W2

… ….

y

Xn

W

n


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction


Bio-inspired

W12 X1

X2

X3

.

.

.

.

Xn

O0

O1

….

Om

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

W1h

Input layer Hidden layers

Output layer

A multilayer perceptron


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction Genetic Algorithms (GA) • It mimics Nature’s evolutionary approach • The algorithm is based on the process of natural selection—

Charles Darwin’s “survival of the fittest.” • GAs can be used in problem solving, function optimizing,

machine learning, and in innovative systems.


Genetic cycle

Modify with operations

Start with initial population by randomly selected Individuals

Evaluate fitness of new individuals

Update population with better individuals and repeat

Initial population

Selection Mutation Crossover

Evaluating new individuals through fitness function

Modify the population

Bio-inspired


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction

Swarm Intelligence Inspired by the collective behavior of social insect

colonies and other animal societies

Ant colony, fish school, bird flocking and honey comb are the examples


Bio-inspired


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction Some more examples ….


Bio-inspired


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction


Fu

zzy In

terface

Structure of proposed system

Fuzzy interface

Linguistic

fuzzy

interface

Fuzzy rule base

and membership

functions

Rulebase

Crisp

Normalized

values

Decision

support

Users choice

and needs

Decision

support

Underlying

ANN P1

P

2 P3

P4

Implicit and

self learning

by ANN


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction


Example


AI Tests

Applications

Data Pyramid


Pros and Cons

Bio-inspired

Example

Acknowledgement

Introduction


References llustrationsOf.com

www.gadgetcage.com

Engadget.com

scenicreflections.com

lih.univ-lehavre.fr

business2press.com

globalswarminghoneybees.blogspot.com

Knowledge-based systems, Akerkar RA and Priti Srinivas Sajja, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, MA, USA (2009)

http://www.gadgetcage.com/

http://www-lih.univ-lehavre.fr/



http://www.jbpub.com/Catalog/9780763776473/Overview/



Artificial intelligence priti sajja spuniversity

Technology

Transcript of Artificial intelligence priti sajja spuniversity