Artificial Intelligence

Andrea Danyluk

For FPS

2/2/04

Today we’ll discus:

• Intelligence

• Artificial Intelligence

• A brief history of AI

• Cool current projects in AI

What’s involved in Intelligence?

• Ability to interact with the world (speech, vision, motion, manipulation)

• Ability to model the world and to reason about it

• Ability to learn and to adapt

Goals in AI

• To build systems that exhibit intelligent behavior

• To understand intelligence in order to model it

Modeling people?

• Sometimes

• But sometimes we want AI systems to be better and smarter than we are

A Brief History of AI

• 1943: McCulloch and Pitts propose a model of artificial neurons

• 1956 Minsky and Edmonds build first neural network computer, the SNARC

The Dartmouth Conference (1956)

• John McCarthy organizes a two-month workshop for researchers interested in neural networks and the study of intelligence

• Agreement to adopt a new name for this field of study: Artificial Intelligence

1952-1969 Enthusiasm:

• Arthur Samuel’s checkers player

• Shakey the robot

• Lots of work on neural networks

1966-1974 Reality:

• AI problems appear to be too big and complex

• Computers are very slow, very expensive, and have very little memory (compared to today)

1969-1979 Knowledge-based systems:

• Birth of expert systems

• Idea is to give AI systems lots of information to start with

1980-1988 AI in industry:

• R1 becomes first successful commercial expert system

• Some interesting phone company systems for diagnosing failures of telephone service

1990s to the present:

• Increases in computational power (computers are cheaper, faster, and have tons more memory than they used to)

• An example of the coolness of speed: Computer Chess

Computer Chess

• 2/96: Kasparov vs Deep Blue– Kasparov victorious: 3 wins, 2 draws, 1 loss

• 3/97: Kasparov vs Deeper Blue– First match won against world champion– 512 processors: 200 million chess positions per

second

How do you think it works???

Cool things AI is doing now

Robotics

Mars rover

http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html

Humanoid robots

http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/

Entertainment robots

http://www.us.aibo.com/

Vacuum cleaner robots: “Roomba”

Machine Learning

• Looking for patterns in vast amounts of data that is just too big for humans to analyze

• [c4.5 demos]

Lanuage Systems

Automatic translation

http://world.altavista.com/

You type, it types back

http://www.mrmind.com/mrmind3

Speech Systems

Movie ticket reservations by phone1-800-Fandango

You talk, it typesIBM’s ViaVoice

Vision Systems

Face recognition and enhancementhttp://www.ri.cmu.edu/labs/lab_51.html

Automated driving - No Hands across America

Visual tracking systemshttp://www1.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/research/demos/.index.html

More Information

http://www.aaai.org/Pathfinder/html/show.html