Artificial intelligence ( AI )
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Transcript of Artificial intelligence ( AI )
Artificial intelligence (AI)
What is ‘ AI? ‘ Cars that drive themselves•2005: DARPA grand challenge http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8274817955695344576&hl=en
•2011: Google self-driving cars http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXeUu_Y6WOw
natural language:The Turing Testhttp://
www.pandorabots.com/pandora/talk?botid=f5d922d97e345aa1
A.L.I.C.E. talking to ELIZA (circa 2005)http://www-ai.ijs.si/eliza/eliza.html
natural language: machine translation
natural language: question answering
game: chess
WWW: web search•Ranking is everythingsmart people in Google, Yahoo!, MSN, etc. e.g. Peter Norvig •A whole Search Engine Optimizer (SEO) industryPromote your webpage’s rank in search enginesSome bad reputations (spam the search engines) http://www.google.com/webmasters/seo.html
WWW: driving directions
robotics
االصطناعي .. ..! الذكاء هو ما إذن
طبيعة فهم إلى االصطناعي الذكاء علم يهدفللحاسب برامج عمل طريق عن اإلنساني الذكاء
. اإلنساني السلوك محاكاة على قادرة اآلليما مسألة حل على الحاسب برنامج قدرة وتعني
.... موقف في قرار اتخاذ أو
علم يهتمتأدية في اإلنسان يستخدمها التي المعرفية بالعمليات االصطناعي الذكاء
. ذكية نعدها التي األعمالطبيعتها , في بينا اختالفا األعمال هذه وتختلف
الشطرنج لعب أو مكتوب أو منطوق لغوي نص فهم تكون فقدبتشخيص القيام أو شعرية قصيدة كتابة أو رياضية مسألة أو لغز حل أو
. آخر إلى مكان من لالنتقال طريق على االستدالل أو طبيالباحث ويبدأ
على المتفق األنشطة أحد باختيار أوال عمله االصطناعي الذكاء علم فيقيامه لدى اإلنسان يستخدمه عما الفروض بعض يضع ثم ذكية أنها
واستدالالت .. معلومات من النشاط برنامج بهذا في هذه يدخل ثمللحاسب
.... . البرنامج هذا سلوك بمالحظة يقوم ثم اآللي
History of AIThe human aspiration to create intelligent machines has appeared in myth and literature for thousands of years, from
stories. After thousands of years of fantasy, the appearance of the digital
computer, with its native, human-like ability to process symbols, made it seem that the myth of the man-made intelligence would finally become reality.
Origins The early history of artificial intelligence, from Greek myth through the work of Alan
Turing in the 1950s . After 1950 The challenges of creating artificial
intelligence in the age of the digital computer.
Problems The general problem of simulating (or
creating) intelligence has been broken down into a number of
specific sub-problems. These consist of particular traits or capabilities that researchers would like an intelligent
system to display. The traits described below have received the
most attention :
• Deduction, reasoning, problem solving االستدالل,المنطق,حل المشكالت
• Knowledge representation تمثيل المعرفة • Planning التخطيط • Learning التعلم • Natural language processing معالجة اللغات
الطبيعية• Motion and manipulation الحركة والتعامل• Perception اإلدراك • Main articles: Machine perception,
Computer vision, and Speech recognition• Social intelligence الذكاء االجتماعي
List of programming languages
• IPL[1] was the first language developed for artificial intelligence. • Lisp[2] is a practical mathematical notation for computer programs
based on lambda calculus.• Prolog[3][4] is a declarative language where programs are expressed in
terms of relations, and execution occurs by running queries over these relations. Prolog is particularly useful for symbolic reasoning, database and language parsing applications. Prolog is widely used in AI today.
• STRIPS is a language for expressing automated planning problem instances.
• Planner is a hybrid between procedural and logical languages.• AI applications are also often written in standard languages like C++
and languages designed for mathematics, such as MATLAB and Lush.
now
What is the Applications of artificial intelligence...?
• Typical problems to which AI methods are applied • Pattern recognition
– Optical character recognition– Handwriting recognition– Speech recognition– Face recognition
• Artificial Creativity• Computer vision, Virtual reality and Image processing• Diagnosis (artificial intelligence)• Game theory and Strategic planning• Game artificial intelligence and Computer game bot• Natural language processing, Translation and Chatterbots• Nonlinear control and Robotics• Other fields in which AI methods are implemented• Artificial life• Automated reasoning• Automation• Biologically inspired computing• Concept mining• Data mining• Knowledge representation• Semantic Web• E-mail spam filtering
•Robotics• Behavior-based robotics• Cognitive• Cybernetics• Developmental robotics• Epigenetic robotics• Evolutionary robotics
•Hybrid intelligent system•Intelligent agent•Intelligent control•Litigation
What have we learned TODAY?
There’s no magic in AI. It’s all about optimization,
statistics, logic, and algorithms.