1

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Arunima Nair

2

What is Artificial Intelligence?The study of computer systems that attempt to model and

apply the intelligence of the human mind Modeling human cognition or mental faculty using computers Study of making computers do things which at the moment people do in a better way Making computers do things which require intelligence AI is a branch of computer science which is concerned with the study and creation of computer systems that exhibit

some form of intelligence OR

those characteristics which we associate with intelligence in human behavior

3

What is Intelligence? Intelligence is a property of mind that

encompasses many related mental abilities, such as the capabilities to reason plan solve problems think abstractly comprehend ideas and language and learn

1943: Early beginnings 1956: Birth of AI - "Artificial Intelligence“ name

adopted 1950s: Initial promise 1955-65: Great enthusiasm 1966-73: Reality dawns 1969-85: Adding domain knowledge 1986: Rise of machine learning 1995: AI as Science

History of Artificial Intelligence

5

Understanding of AI

AI techniques and ideas seem to be harder to understand than most things in computer science

AI shows best on complex problems for which general principles don't help much, though there are a few useful general principles

6

Categories of AI System

Systems that think like humans Systems that act like humans

Systems that think rationally Systems that act rationally

7

Foundations of AI

Mathematics

Neuroscience

Control Theory

Linguistics

8

Cool Stuff in AI

Game playing agents Machine learning Speech Language Vision Data Mining Web agents …….

9

Applications Business : Financial strategies, give advice Engineering: check design, offer suggestions to create

new product Manufacturing: Assembly, inspection & maintenance Mining: used when conditions are dangerous Hospital : monitoring, diagnosing & prescribing Education : In teaching Household : Advice on cooking, shopping etc. Farming : prune trees & selectively harvest mixed crops. Fraud Detection Object Identification Information Retrieval

Success Stories Deep Blue defeated the reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov in

1997

AI program proved a mathematical conjecture (Robbins conjecture) unsolved for decades

During the 1991 Gulf War, US forces deployed an AI logistics planning and scheduling program that involved up to 50,000 vehicles, cargo, and people

NASA's on-board autonomous planning program controlled the scheduling of operations for a spacecraft

Proverb solves crossword puzzles better than most humans

Robot driving: DARPA grand challenge 2003-2007

2006: face recognition software available in consumer cameras

Summary Artificial Intelligence involves the study of:

automated recognition and understanding of signals reasoning, planning, and decision-making learning and adaptation

AI has made substantial progress in recognition and learning some planning and reasoning problems …but many open research problems

AI Applications improvements in hardware and algorithms => AI

applications in industry, finance, medicine, and science.