Artificial Intelligence Where it has been and where it should be going.
Artificial Hearts: Going Beyond Human Evolution
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Transcript of Artificial Hearts: Going Beyond Human Evolution
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ARTIFICIAL HEARTS: GOING BEYOND HUMAN EVOLUTIONJon Goldberg
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Functionality of the Heart• Maintains flow of blood throughout body
• Supplies nutrients and oxygen• Waste transport
• Pumps via muscle contraction + relaxation to “push” blood
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Diagram of the Heart
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Problems to Solve• Heart Failure
• Systolic Dysfunction• Heart does not contract with enough force; less oxygen-rich blood.
• Diastolic Dysfunction• Heart contracts, but ventricles do not relax/are stiff; less blood enters
the heart.
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How to Solve• Complete heart replacement
• Mimic “pumping action” of natural hearts• Big and bulky. Mechanical pumping is hard to pull off.• Requires a lot of equipment.
• Heart assistance• VAD (Ventricular Assistance Device )
• Left and/or right ventricular assistance.
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The LVAD
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The Pros of the LVAD• Extremely portable.• Relieves stress on heart. Allows it to perform some
repairs.• “Continuously Flowing” requires no pumping.
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The Cons• Requires blood thinners to use.• Unplanned hospital readmission
• Infections• Device malfunction
• Little full-heart-replacement testing
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The Full Replacement Story• Young Central-African man receives a LVAD in response
to heart failure.• Goes missing for 8 months.• Comes back, heart has failed. Has been living the past
months with nothing but the LVAD.
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The Full Replacement Story Cont.• Dr. Billy Cohn and Dr. Bud Frazier push the LVAD to full
replacement.• Takes 38 calves’ hearts out.
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The Future• Full heart replacement looks promising.
• Needs more testing + enhancements• 600,000 people die each year due to heart failure.
• Dr. Cohn and Dr. Frazier are pushing the Heartmate II.
• More experimentation with the Archimedes’ Screw design.• Less “mimicking” of natural pumping, more experimenting with
human innovation.
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References• http://www.medicinenet.com/heart_failure/page3.htm• http://
www.heartfailurematters.org/EN/UnderstandingHeartFailure/Pages/Whatarethedifferenttypesofheartfailure.aspx
• http://www.medicotips.com/2010/06/died-of-hear-attack.html• http://
www.webmd.com/heart-disease/treating-left-ventricular-device• http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/vad/• http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/tah/• http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1204944• http://
abcnews.go.com/Health/texas-man-pioneers-beatless-heart-wave-future/story?id=13838596
• http://www.voanews.com/content/doctors-achieve-milestone-using-artificial-heart-with-no-beat-125085499/171541.html
• http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm