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Transcript of Article writing ksr
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Lecture delivered at MGACH&RC, Wardha
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
“A theory is something nobody believes, except the person who made it.
An experiment is something everybody believes, except the person who made it”
Albert Einstein
Few questions to everybody –who wish to reach “Success”
• How frequently we read the research Article?
• How much we react for the content of a published article?
• How much participation is made in the field of research – either literary or experimental?
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
• It is the right TIME to break the silence in Ayurveda
• Let us be loud to spread the message – we Ayurveda Save the Mankind– We can do it!
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
What is an article?• An article
– Non-fictional prose forming an independent part of a publication
– is a piece of writing usually intended for publication in magazine or journal
– is written for a wide audience, so it is essential to attract and retain the readers’attention
– should give opinions and thoughts, as well as facts
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
What is required?
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
“There is no way to get experience except through experience.”
• What to publish?– abstract vs. full report
• Choosing your forum – Which type of journal is best
for you?– What audience are you
targeting?• Research the journal
– Publication guidelines– Article style
What is expected?
• Originality– What’s new?
• Content– Is there enough?
• Simplicity– Can it be clearer, shorter?
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Check list
before starting Article
1. Time to write the paper?- whether a significant advancement been made?- is the hypothesis straight forward?- did the experiments test the hypothesis?- are the controls appropriate and sufficient? - can you describe the study and offer the key message
2. Tables and figures - must be clear and concise & should be self-explanatory
3. References - offers better insight into possible reviewers
4. Choose journal- study “instructions to authors”- think about possible reviewers- quality of journal “impact factor”
5. Prepare Title and Abstract6. Choose authors carefully & Start Writing
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Authorship
Guidelines on authorship, International committee of Medical Journal Editors, Reprinted by kind permission of the Editor of the British Medical Journal of Sept 14, 1985. J Clin Pathol 39: 110, 1986
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Types of Articles
ResearchNotes
Review Articles
Miniature Articles
SupplementalArticles
Letters
Research Papers
Types of JournalArticles
4 Tips -1. Get Your Facts Right2. Keep It Simple And
Concise3. Break Down Medical
Terminology4. Structure The Article well
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
4 tips and 8 steps
8 steps -1. Choose a Topic2. Develop a Title3. Create an Outline4. Write an Introduction5. Convert Your Outline to the
Article Body6. Write the Conclusion and
Resource Box7. Review Your Article8. Submit Your Article
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Process of article Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
General IMRAD scheme
Introduction, Methods, Results Analysis Discussion
IMRADrecommended by the International
Committee of Medical Journal Editors(ICMJE) 1978
• Abstract of Manuscript (200-300 Words)• Problem investigated• Purpose of Research• Methods• Results • Conclusion
• Common Mistakes– Too much background or methods information– Figures or images– References to other literature, figures or images– Abbreviations or acronyms
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Abstract
Introduction• Broad information on topic
– Previous research• Narrower background information
– Need for study• Focus of paper
– Hypothesis• Summary of problem (selling point)
– Overall 300-500 words• Common Mistakes
– Too much or not enough information– Unclear purpose– Lists – Confusing structure– First-Person anecdotes
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Methods and Materials• Provides instruction on exactly how to repeat experiment
– Subjects– Sample preparation techniques– Sample origins– Field site description– Data collection protocol– Data analysis techniques– Any computer programs used– Description of equipment and its use
• Common Mistakes– Too little information– Information from Introduction– Verbosity– Results/ sources of error reported
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Results • Objective presentation of experiment results
– Summary of data• NOT a Discussion!• Common mistakes
– Raw data– Redundancy– Discussion and interpretation of data– No figures or tables – Methods/materials reported
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Discussion • Interpret results
– Did the study confirm/deny the hypothesis?– If not, did the results provide an alternative hypothesis? What
interpretation can be made?– Do results agree with other research? Sources of error/anomalous
data?– Implications of study for field– Suggestions for improvement and future research?
• Relate to previous research• Common Mistakes
– Combined with Results– New results discussed – Broad statements– Incorrectly discussing inconclusive results– Ambiguous data sources– Missing information
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Figures and tables • Tables
– Presents lists of numbers/ text in columns• Figures
– Visual representation of results or illustration of concepts/methods (graphs, images, diagrams, etc.)
• Captions– Must be stand-alone
• Guidelines for Figures and Tables– High resolution– Neat, legible labels– Simple– Clearly formatted– Indicate error– Detailed captions
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
References • Check specific referencing style of journal• Should reference:
– Peer-reviewed journal articles, abstracts, books• Should not reference:
– Non-peer-reviewed works, textbooks, personal communications
• Common Mistakes– Format, Format, Format
• (Figures & Tables, Equations, and References)– Redundant Information
• Text, Figures, Tables, and Captions– Type of Reference
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
When completed . . .
• Submit the article either by post or electronic or email
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
• People who have talent but not time or vocabulary may start with the article review – in the form of letters to the editor.
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Resources
• Ganesh, Four Medical Writing Tips For Writing Engaging Content, www.wordplaycontent.com/blog/medical-writing/medical-writing-tips-for-engaging-content/1190
• 8 Steps to Writing and Submitting Your First Article, blog.ezinearticles.com/2010/10/writing-your-first-article.html
• Fereshteh Lagzi, Motahareh Moghtadaei, Nafiseh ErfanianSaeedi, Sara Ranjbar
• Dr. S. Umesha, Publication of Research Article, Biotechnology Dept. University of Mysore
• Day, RA. “How to write and publish a scientific paper,” 5th edition, Oryx Press, 1998.
• Fischer BA, Zigmond MJ. “Components of a research article.”[email protected]
• Marshal GS. “Writing a peer reviewed article.”• http://dor.umc.edu/ARCHIVES/GMarshallPublishingarticle.ppt
• Hall, JE. “Writing research papers (and getting them published)”http://dor.umc.edu/ARCHIVES/GMarshallPublishingarticle.ppt
• Benos, D., Reich, M. “Peer review and publication in APS journals.”
• http://www.the-aps.org/careers/careers1/EBSymposia/Benos2003.ppt
Article Writing
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/