ARTICLE

36

LANDSCAPING

SECTION 3600

Intent

The purpose and intent of this Article is to preserve and promote the health, safety and general welfare for

the citizens of Boone County. The County has an abundant resource and amenity with the tree and vegetation

cover located within the County. This resource provides ecological, environmental and economical benefits

to every resident or employee within Boone County. Development often requires the removal of this resource

in order to accommodate new structures, parking and vehicular access.

Certain land uses by their nature are not compatible with other land uses. These incompatible uses can

create adverse visual impacts, noise, light, and air pollution, which could potentially diminish the quality of life

and the health, safety and welfare of the community. This Article shall serve to mitigate these impacts and

hazards and improve the visual character of the community. Landscaping also provides a separation between

parking areas and buildings which defines pedestrian and vehicular circulation areas and, lessens the visual

impact and mass of continuous building facades. Therefore, this Article requires landscaping to be planted

between uses, around buildings, within and around parking lots, around signs and along street frontages in

order to:

1. Encourage the preservation of existing trees and vegetation and replenish vegetation that is removed;

2. Facilitate the creation of an attractive and harmonious community which enhances property values;

3. Improve the visual quality of the County by minimizing negative impacts of development such as dust, glare

of lights, parking lots, traffic, outside storage, loading docks, and buildings;

4. Reduce environmental impacts, such as, noise, air and light pollution, reduce stormwater runoff and

decrease soil erosion, improve water quality, protect wildlife habitat, and reduce heat convection from

impervious surfaces;

5. Minimize conflicts between land uses, reduce visual impacts to adjoining properties and public rights-of-

way, create a transition between dissimilar land uses, promote and preserve the character and value of

an area, and provide a sense of privacy;

6. Establish standards for the location, spacing, quantity, type, size, protection, planting and maintenance of

landscape materials in order to accomplish the objectives listed above.

SECTION 3605

Landscape Review Procedure

This article applies to all developments subject to Site Plan Review as required by Article 30 and does not

apply to detached single family residential development except for the requirements in Section 3619 “Street

36.1

Trees.” The requirements stated in this article shall be addressed during the applicable Site Plan Review

procedures outlined within Article 30 for all sites listed below:

1. New Sites Currently Undeveloped - No new site development, building, or structure shall be constructed

or vehicular use area created or used unless landscaping is provided as required by this Article.

2. Existing Sites Currently Developed - Improvements to an existing site that include building additions,

vehicular use area expansions or load/unloading area expansion shall be required to bring only the new

improvements into compliance with this Article.

SECTION 3610

General Requirements

1. A Landscaping Plan will be required as part of the Site Plan Review procedure. The information required

on this plan is listed in Article 30, Section 3004, Item 12.

2. The owner of the property is responsible for maintenance of all landscaping materials, and shall keep all

plants in a proper, neat and orderly appearance, free from refuse and debris at all times. All unhealthy or

dead plant material shall be replaced by the next planting season.

3. All landscaping shall be installed and maintained according to the Planting Details contained herein.

4. The Plant Lists within this article identify types of plants that are compatible with U.S.D.A. Zones for Plant

Hardiness and are arranged by the size of plant. Deviations from the plant lists will be permitted, but the

applicant must identify this deviation and provide information of the size and characteristic of the plant.

Any deviations from the approved landscaping plan shall be pre-approved by the Planning Commission

staff before the plant is installed. A minimum of two species shall be used from each required plant list

on all sites. Sites that are greater than one acre in size shall not use any one cultivar for more than 35

percent of the plants required from any single plant list.

5. All trees from Plant List D shall be a minimum of six (6) feet (not to include the root ball) in overall height

at the time of planting. In addition, all trees from Plant List A and B shall be a minimum of 2 inches in

caliper size . Small trees from Plant List C shall have a minimum installation size of 1 1/2 inches in caliper

size or 6 feet in height if a “clump” variety. Tall shrubs from Plant List C shall have a minimum installation

size of 24 inches B & B and small/low shrubs from Plant List E shall have a minimum installation size of

3 gallons.

6. All plant material must be installed according to the approved landscaping plan by no later than the next

planting season or within 6 months from the date that a building occupancy permit is issued, season

permitting. If no occupancy permit is required all plant material must be installed by the next planting

season from the date of approval for the landscaping plan.

7. All plant material that is selected should be able to tolerate their specific planting environment, including

but not limited to exposure to sunlight or shade, and be easily maintained. Also, all landscaping shall be

designed and installed to permit access to any area where repairs, renovations or maintenance to site,

buildings, utilities, etc. can be reasonably expected, and shall not interfere with overhead utility lines at

maturity.

8. Figure 36-5 provides representative formulas for determining the quantities of plants required by several

Sections in this Article.

36.2

SECTION 3615

Enforcement

Inspections will be conducted by the applicable Zoning Inspector before and after construction to assure

compliance with the submitted and approved Site Plan. Post Development site inspections will be conducted

according to Article 30.

SECTION 3617

Waiver of Requirements

The Zoning Administrator shall have the authority to grant a waiver of any of the requirements in this article

except Section 3655 upon receipt of a written request which outlines the rationale for the waiver. The Zoning

Administrator shall review each written request and grant a waiver only: under unusual or extreme

circumstances which cause an unreasonable hardship such as the size of the lot; or, when a design proposal

is more responsive to and compatible with the surrounding environment than would otherwise be achieved

under the requirements of this Article; or, when an innovative or alternative approach can be made which still

meets the intent and purpose of this Article.

SECTION 3618

Sight Triangles

No landscaping materials which impair visibility for motorist shall be placed in sight triangles. See Article 32,

Section 3218 for definition and Figure 32.1 for diagram of sight triangles. Any plant materials taller than 3.5

feet above the adjoining driving surface at maturity shall not be permitted within sight triangles. This includes

trees which are limbed up because a mature tree trunk can impair motorist visibility.

SECTION 3619

Street Trees

Street trees shall be provided with the construction of all new dwelling units within residential districts that are

subject to the Zoning Permit procedure. Large canopy trees (deciduous and single trunk) from Plant List A

with a minimum installation size of 2 inch caliper shall be provided at a minimum rate of one tree per 50 linear

feet of lot width for each road frontage. The width of any driveway(s) at the right-of-way line shall be

subtracted from the total width of the applicable frontage(s) for the purposes of calculating the required street

tree quantity. The required trees shall be placed on the subject lot and within 10 feet of the right-of-way line,

and shall be dispersed across the lot’s street frontage. The required trees shall be placed within the adjoining

street right-of-way if required by any applicable Preliminary Plat or Concept Development Plan approval, or

by agreement with the applicable legislative body. The placement of street trees shall not interfere with any

underground or overhead utilities, shall be placed at least 10 feet from fire hydrants, shall conform to any

applicable requirements of utility providers, and shall not be placed within sight triangles per Section 3618.

The required street trees shall be delineated on the plot plan required through the Zoning Permit procedure.

Alternative planting schemes which deviate from the requirements of this section may be proposed during the

plan review process.

SECTION 3620

Landscaping Along Street Frontages

W hen a use adjoins a street, regardless of whether it is public or private, landscaping shall be required from

Buffer Yard A (See Table #2). This landscaping is not required to be placed in a linear design, but shall be

required to be dispersed throughout the street frontage and not clustered entirely at the ends of the property.

This landscaping will provide screening for vehicular use areas, while also allowing flexibility for uses which

require high visibility from street frontages. The required shrubs from Plant List C and E can be reduced by

50 percent if the buffer yard width is increased from 10 feet to 20 feet and can be eliminated if the buffer yard

area is increased to 30 feet. However, in all cases the trees required from Plant List A, B, C, or D shall still

be required.

36.3

SECTION 3625

Interior Landscaping for Vehicular Use Areas (VUAs)

Landscaping shall be provided for vehicular use areas, as defined in Article 40 in accordance with the

following standards:

1. A minimum of 5 percent of the total VUA shall be landscaped and the landscaping shall be dispersed

throughout the paved area (See Figure 36-1). This V.U.A. landscaping shall only be required for uses

which have more than 50 parking spaces. This landscaped area cannot be combined into one large

planting area, except as permitted by Items 4 and 5 of this section. No interior landscaping will be required

within industrial zones if the V.U.A. is located outside of front yard and corner side yard areas. This interior

landscaping shall be in addition to any other planting or landscaping required within this article.

2. The VUA landscaping shall contain a variety of trees listed from Plant List A and be dispersed in the form

of islands or peninsulas throughout the VUA (See Figure 36-1). The minimum size of planting areas shall

be 9 feet in width and 18 feet in length.

3. Planted areas will be required to have 1 tree from Plant List A per 162 square feet of area if designed as

in (Figure 36-2.B) and 1 tree per 40 linear feet, ( or faction thereof), if designed as in (Figure 36-2.A).

4. Planted areas shall be required at the end of every other parking row and when parking adjoins each other

at or near right angles (See Figure 36-3). Planting areas that are a minimum of 600 square feet will be

required if rows of parking are unbroken for 180 linear feet or more (See Figure 36-2.B).

5. Sites which have large uninterrupted circulation areas for tractor trailers and trucks, such as warehouses

and distribution centers, can provide one or more large landscape islands in order to comply with the

required 5% landscaped area within the large circulation areas.

6. All planting islands shall be planted with either grass, low ground cover, shrubs, flowers, mulch or any

combination of these. Hard surfaces or gravel are not permitted. All planting islands shall have minimum

6 inch curbs installed to protect the planting area from vehicular traffic.

7. All plant material (other than grass or ground cover) located within landscape islands where vehicle

overhangs are needed shall be setback a minimum of 2' 6" from the edge of pavement or face of curb (See

Figure 36-4).

SECTION 3630

Building Landscaping

Any blank facade or portion of a facade of a building that is not used for outdoor display, storage or

loading/unloading shall be required to provide the following landscaping if the wall is visible from a public right-

of-way. Blank facades shall be classified as any wall or portion thereof which does not have windows used

for display or entry doors for customers or the general public. Buildings which are 10,000 square feet or

smaller shall be exempt from the requirement within this section.

1. Trees from Plant Lists A, B, C, and/or D shall be provided on an average of at least one tree per 40 linear

feet of blank facade as defined above and shrubs from Plant List E shall be provided on an average of at

least one shrub per 10 linear feet of blank facade; the minimum required amounts of trees and shrubs may

be substituted for one another at a ratio of one tree for every four shrubs. This landscaping is not required

to be placed in a linear design, but shall be required to be dispersed throughout the length of the building

facade. If the required buffer yard can be used to adequately reduce the view of the facade from the public

right-of-way no building landscaping shall be required. However, the determination of whether the required

buffer yard can be used for building landscaping shall be determined by the Boone County Planning

Commission Staff.

2. Facades that abut VUAs shall have a minimum eight (8) feet wide planting area. This planting area can

36.4

be reduced by four (4) feet if sidewalks are installed.

SECTION 3635

Loading/Unloading Areas, Storage Areas, Utility and Mechanical Equipment and Trash Collection

Areas

The loading/unloading areas, storage areas, utility and mechanical equipment and trash collection areas shall

be screened from any public street right-of-way or if visible to an adjoining property. This screening shall be

accomplished by continuous solid closed fence or wall if such a structure is permitted on the affected portion

of the site by sections 3153 and 3655, earthen berm, hedging, evergreen plant materials or combination

thereof which is high enough to effectively screen the items mentioned above from view. Any wall or fence

shall be the same or compatible, in terms of texture and quality, with the material and color of the principle

building. This section does not apply to sites within the I-1 and I-2 zones when the activities noted above are

located on a site so that they abut other I-1 or I-2 zoned sites, or abut a local or subcollector street when the

area across the street is zoned I-1 or I-2; this section does apply to I-1 and I-2 zoned sites, or portions

thereof, where neither of these circumstances exist (also refer to Section 3154).

SECTION 3645

Buffer yards

Table #1 indicates the buffer yard which is required when one zoning district adjoins another zoning district.

If the adjoining property falls within the same zoning district as the use being developed, a buffer yard shall

still be required. This buffer yard along with all buffer yards are identified within Table #2. This table specifies

the width of the required buffer yard and the plant material required for the specified buffer yard.

A buffer yard is defined as a planted area that is used to separate different sites and uses that are not

compatible. This planted area should reduce or eliminate noise and light pollution and other adverse impacts,

while providing a year-round or partial visual separation. Buffer yards shall consist of a continuous strip of

land and screening that shall contain existing vegetation, planted vegetation, a berm, a wall or fence or any

combination of these. Buffer yards shall be required in addition to any other landscaping requirement listed

in this Article except Section 3620.

1. The buffer yard shall extend along the entire property line which abuts another or an incompatible land use.

2. A proposed use may reduce the required buffer yard width by one-half if the developing use adjoins an

existing use which has an established mature buffer which meets or exceeds the buffer yard required for

the adjoining developing use. However, the same quantity of plant material shall still be required within

the buffer yard if a healthy planting environment can be provided.

3. The elimination or reduction of buffer yard requirements can be made if a developing site contains healthy

mature vegetation. The amount of reduction permitted will depend on the size, type and density of the

trees and vegetation which exists on the site. However, the maximum reduction which can be made in the

buffer yard width is 50 percent. The required plant material can be completely eliminated if the existing

vegetation accomplishes the type of screening required by the prescribed buffer yard. If this is not

accomplished by the existing vegetation, then evergreens, fencing, berming, masonry wall or combination

shall be used to supplement the existing screening if required within that buffer yard. The determination

regarding whether a buffer yard is not required or regarding the amount of reduction which can be

permitted shall be made during the Site Plan Review process.

4. Buffer yards can be located within building setbacks, and in some circumstances can be located within

utility easements or rights of ways. However, this will require approval by the Planning Commission Staff

and shall only be permitted if the required amount of plant material can be accommodated in an area in

which the plants will be permitted to flourish. Planting within these areas shall require a written agreement

from the grantee of the easement or owner of the right-of-way. If the vegetation is removed or damaged

because of necessary maintenance or construction, it will be the responsibility of the owner of the property

36.5

to replace the required vegetation at their expense. No activity can be conducted within the buffer yard

except for ingress and egress to the site (including driveway connections between adjoining sites),

sidewalk and bicycle trail connections between adjoining sites, and passive recreation uses. In addition,

detention and retention system can also be located within the required buffer yards, however, the visual

screening requirements shall not be altered or diminished. Activities not permitted within buffer yards shall

include parking, loading, storage, paving except for that mentioned above or accessory structures.

5. The design and exact placement of the buffer yard shall be the decision of the designer or developer, but

shall be reviewed during Site Plan Review procedure to ensure compliance with this article. However,

trees and shrubs should be planted a minimum of five (5) feet away from the property line to ensure

maintenance access and to avoid encroachment on neighboring property.

6. W hen a proposed use adjoins an undeveloped parcel of property the required buffer yard shall be

determined by the adjoining property’s zoning designation and shall be installed in the time period required

by this Article as if the adjoining property were developed.

7. Buffer yards can be shared between uses in commercial or employment zones if an easement is provided

and recorded which indicates how maintenance and replacement of unhealthy plants will be accomplished.

Buffer yards shall not be shared between residential and non-residential zones. The more restrictive buffer

yard width and plant material shall be provided between the two properties in this instance if different

requirements would normally apply.

36.6

Table #1

BUFFER YARDS

ADJOINING ZONES DEVELOPING USE BUFFER YARD

ZONE REQUIRED

I-1, I-2, I-3 I-1, I-2, A

O-1, O-2, C-1 thru C-4, PF, R, FMS I-1, I-2, B

UR-1 thru UR-3, MHP I-1, I-1, C

All other residential & agricultural I-1, I-2, D

I-3 see Section 1162

I-1 thru I-3 O-1, O-2 B

O-1, O-2 O-1, O-2 A

C-1 thru C-4, PF, R, FMS O-1, O-2 A

UR-1 thru UR-3, MHP O-1, O-2 B

All other residential & agricultural O-1, O-2 C

All other residential & agricultural O-1, O-2

(if larger than 50,000 square feet) D

I-1 thru I-3 C-1 - C-4, PF R, FMS B

O-1, O-2 C-1 - C-4, PF, R, FMS A

C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, PF, R, FMS C-1 - C-4, PF, R, FMS A

UR-1, UR-2, UR-3, MHP C-1 - C-4, PF, R B

All other residential & agricultural C-1 - C-4, PF, R C

All other residential & agricultural C-1 - C-4, PF, R

(if larger than 50,000 square feet) D

I-1 thru I-3 UR-1 - UR-3, MHP C

O-1, O-2 UR-1 - UR-3, MHP B

C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, PF, R, FMS UR-1 - UR-3, MHP B

If over 50,000 sf. UR-1 - UR-3, MHP C

UR-1, UR-2, UR-3, MHP UR-1 - UR-3, MHP, FMS A

All other residential & agricultural UR-1 - UR-3, MHP, FMS B

All other residential & agricultural UR-1 - UR-3, MHP

(if more than 80 apartment

units or 25 mobile home lots) C

No buffer yard is required for single-family residential homes.

Attached or multi-family dwellings in developing use zones not listed above shall be the same as UR-1.

O-1A for the purpose of this table shall be the same as O-1.

SC, W D, UC, UNO, and UTC for the purpose of this table shall be the same as FMS.

TABLE # 2

BUFFER YARD TYPES

The numbers shown are the minimum quantities required for each plant type. Smaller trees may be replaced

with larger varieties. Buffer yards are established in 100 feet increments with the number of plants specified.

36.7

The number of plants required for a given buffer yard shall be determined by dividing the actual length of the

buffer yard by 100 and multiply that number by the number of plants from each plant list required and rounding

to the next whole number. Fences or walls which are used within buffer yards shall be located within the

center of the buffer yard and the plants shall be installed on both sides of the fence or wall. Fences shall be

solid and provide 100 percent opacity. Chain link fences with slats shall not be permitted.

BUFFER YARD A - 10 FOOT W IDTH

Landscaping required per 100 linear feet at 10 feet wide.

5 Small Trees - Plant List C, OR

3 Large Trees / 3 Medium Trees /or 3 Evergreen or any combination of 3 - Plant List A, B, or D, AND

30 Shrubs - Plant List E or 15 Shrubs - Plant List C

Ground Cover (Required in all areas not covered with grass)

Mulch (Temporary)

BUFFER YARD B - 20 FOOT W IDTH

Landscaping required per 100 linear feet at 20 feet wide.

5 Evergreens - Plant List D, AND

Any 6 Large Trees / Medium Trees / Small Trees / Additional Evergreen Trees or any combination thereof

- Plant List A, B, C, or D, AND

30 Shrubs - Plant List E or 15 Shrubs - Plant List C

Mulch (Temporary)

Ground Cover (Required)

BUFFER YARD C - 60 FOOT W IDTH

Landscaping required per 100 linear feet at 30 and 60 feet wide.

10 Evergreen - Plant List D, AND

8 Large or Medium Trees - Plant List A or B, AND

35 shrubs - Plant List C

30 FOOT W IDTH

The same number of trees, are required as for the 60 feet width buffer yard, but the width may be reduced

to 30 feet if a 6 foot high berm, fence, or masonry wall is used and the number of shrubs may be reduced

to 15 from Plant List C. The maximum slope for the berm is 2.5 to 1.

BUFFER YARD D - 80 FOOT W IDTH

Landscaping required per 100 linear feet at 80 and 40 feet wide.

20 Evergreens - Plant List D Planted in a double row spaced 10 feet on center in an equal lateral triangle

configuration, AND

11 Large Trees - Plant List A

40 shrubs - Plant List C

40 FOOT W IDTH

The same number of trees are required as for the 80' width buffer yard, but the width may be reduced to

40 feet if a 6 foot high berm, fence or masonry wall is used and the number of shrubs may be reduced to

20 from Plant List C. The maximum slope for the berm is 2.5 to 1.

SECTION 3655

Fences

1. All fences shall have the finished side facing out. No structural supports shall be visible from adjoining

properties or right-of-way unless fence is designed so that such supports are visible from both sides.

2. Fences shall be permitted within all districts. The maximum height for fences within residential zones is

six (6) feet and fences shall be required to be located within the side or rear yards. Fences within

commercial and office zones shall be permitted at a maximum height of eight (8) feet while fences within

industrial zones shall be permitted a maximum height of 12 feet.

36.8

3. All fences shall be constructed of durable materials and shall be installed to withstand the elements.

Fences shall be maintained in good repair at all times. Barbed wire, stock wire, chicken wire and similar

type fences are not permitted for residential uses in residential zones.

4. Fences shall be permitted within the front yard and corner side yard (Unincorporated Boone County, City

of Union, and City of W alton only) according to the following standards:

a. No fence can be taller than four (4) feet. The maximum height for fences in front yard and corner

side yard areas in the I-1 and I-2 zones is eight (8) feet provided the fence meets the minimum

required front yard or corner side yard building setback as applicable.

b. Fences shall be of a decorative design, (chain link, barbed wire, stock wire, chicken wire and similar

type fences are not permitted) and shall be designed to have an opacity of fifty (50) percent or less.

c. No fence can be located within a public right-of-way nor can it be located in an area which will

obstruct the sight triangle for any motorist or pedestrian as defined in Article 32.

5. Fences shall be permitted within the front and corner side yard (City of Florence only) according to the

following standards:

a. Fences in front yard or corner side yard areas may only be constructed on property located on a

corner lot in an Industrial One (I-1) zone.

b. Fences shall be of a decorative design (solid fence, chain link, barbed wire, stock wire, chicken wire

or other sim ilar designs shall be prohibited) and shall be designed to have an opacity of fifty (50)

percent or less.

c. Fences shall be a minimum of four (4) feet in height and shall not exceed a maximum of eight (8)

feet in height.

d. Fences placed in a front or corner side yard shall be setback a minimum of ten (10) feet from the

corner side and front property line.

e. Landscape plantings as required by Section 3620 (Buffer Yard “A”) shall be planted between the

fence and corner side and/or front property line. The plantings will be required even if the site is

already developed and the fencing is the only proposed improvement.

f. No fence can be located within a public right-of-way nor can it be located in an area which will

obstruct the sight triangle for any motorist or pedestrian as defined in Article 32.

6. Fences for Agricultural purposes are exempt from the requirements of this section.

SECTION 3660

Plant Lists

The following list includes the Scientific Name and Common Name of plants arranged by size. Plant Lists A

thru E found within this Article are defined as follows:

Plant List A: Large deciduous trees over 50 feet in height at maturity;

Plant List B: Medium sized deciduous trees 25 to 50 feet in height at maturity;

Plant List C: Large Shrub or Small Tree 10 to 25 feet in height at maturity;

Plant List D: Large evergreen trees over 50 feet in height at maturity;

36.9

Plant List E: Shrubs which include all sizes

PLANT LIST A - LARGE DECIDUOUS TREES

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME HEIGHT SPREAD

Aspen, Bigtooth Populus grandidentata 50'-75' 20'-35'

Basswood, American Tilia americana 60'-80' 30'-60'

Beech, American Fagus grandifolia 50'-70' 50'-70'

Beech, European Fagus sylvatica 50'-60' 35'-45'

Birch, River Betula nigra 40'-70' 40'-60'

‘Dura Heat’

‘Fox Valley’

‘Heritage’

Buckeye, Yellow Aesculus octandra 50'-70' 30'-40'

Catalpa, Northern Catalpa speciosa 40'-60' 20'-30'

Cherry, Black Prunus serotina 50'-60' 35'-50'

Coffeetree, Kentucky Gymnocladus dioicus 60'-75' 40'-50'

‘Espresso’

‘Prairie Titan’

‘Stately Manor’

Cottonwood, Eastern Populus deltoides 75'-100' 50'-75'

‘Colmar’

Elm, American Ulmus americana 70'-90' 50'-70'

‘Princeton’

‘Valley Forge’

Elm, Lacebark Ulmus parvifolia 40'-50' 40'-50'

Elm, Patriot Hybrid Ulmus x ‘Patriot 50'-60' 40'-50'

Elm, Red Ulmus rubra 40'-60' 30'-50'

Filbert, Turkish Corylus colurna 40'-50' 20'-25'

Ginkgo Gingko biloba (male) 50'-80' 30'-50'

‘Autumn Gold’

‘Fastigiata’

‘Princeton Sentry’

Gum, Black Nyssa sylvatica 50'-75' 35'-50'

Hackberry, Common Celtis, occidentalis 40'-60' 50'-60'

‘Chicagoland’

36.10

‘Prairie Pride’

Hackberry, Sugar Celtis, laevigata 60'-80' 50'-60'

Hickory, Bitternut Carya cordiformis 50'-75' 30'-40'

Hickory, Mockernut Carya tomentosa 60'-80' 30'-40'

Hickory, Pignut Carya glabra 50'-65' 30'-40'

Hickory, Shagbark Carya ovata 70'-90' 30'-40'

Hickory, Shellbark Carya laciniosa 80'-100' 40'-60'

Katsura Tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum 40'-60' 30'-50'

Larch, European Larix decidua 70'-75 25'-30'

Linden, Crimean Tilia x euchlora 40'-60' 20'-30'

‘Redmond’

Linden, Littleleaf Tilia cordata 60'-70' 30'-50'

‘Chancellor’

‘Greenspire’

‘June Bride’

Linden, Silver Tilia tomentosa 50'-70' 30'-50'

‘Sashazam’

‘Sterling Silver’

Locust, Black Robinia pseudoacacia 40'-70' 20'-30'

Magnolia, Cucumbertree Magnolia acuminata 50'-80' 50'-80'

Magnolia, Southern Magnolia grandiflora 60'-80' 50'-80'

‘Bracken’s Brown Beauty’

Maple, Black Acer nigrum 60'-75' 50'-60'

Maple, Freeman Acer x freemani 40'-60' 20'-40'

‘Armstrong’

‘Autumn Blaze’

‘Celebration’

‘Sienna Glen’

Maple, Red Acer rubrum 40'-60' 40'-60'

‘Autumn Flame’

‘Bowhall’

‘Columnare’

‘October Glory’

‘Red Sunset’

Maple, Silver Acer saccharinum 70'-100' 40'-60'

Maple, Sugar Acer saccharum 60'-75' 50'-60'

‘Green Mountain’

‘Legacy’

36.11

‘Majesty’

‘W right Brothers’

Persimmon Diospyros virginiana 35'-60' 25'-35'

Oak, Black Quercus velutina 60'-70' 30'-40'

Oak, Bur Quercus macrocarpa 70'-90' 60'-80'

Oak, Chinquapin Quercus muehlenbergii 50'-80' 50'-60'

Oak, Columnar English Quercus robur 50'-60' 10'-18'

‘Fastigiata’

Oak, Pin Quercus palustris 50'-70' 40'-60'

Oak, Red Quercus rubra 60'-75' 40'-50'

Oak, Sawtooth Quercus acutissima 40'-50' 35'-50'

Oak, Scarlet Quercus coccinea 60'-75' 40'-50'

Oak, Shingle Quercus imbricaria 40'-60' 40'-60'

Oak, Shumard Quercus shumardii 40'-60' 40'-50'

Oak, Swamp W hite Quercus bicolor 50'-60' 50'-60'

Oak, W ater Quercus nigra 50'-80' 40'-60'

Oak, W illow Quercus phellos 40'-60' 40'-50'

Oak, W hite Quercus alba 60'-80' 60'-80'

Pagoda Tree, Japanese Sophora japonicum 50'-70' 40'-60'

‘Regent’

Planetree, London Platanus, acerifolia 60'-85' 50'-70'

‘Bloodgood’

‘Suttneri’

‘Yarwood’

Redwood, Dawn Metasequoia glyptostroboides 75'-100' 15'-25'

‘National’

‘Sheridan Spire’

Rubber Tree, Hardy Eucommia ulmoides 40'-60' 40'-50'

Sassafras Sassafras albidum 30'-60' 25'-40'

Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua 60'-80' 40'-60'

‘Grazam’

‘Moraine’

‘Rotundiloba’

‘Slender Silhouette’

Sycamore, American Platanus occidentalis 75'-100' 75'-100'

36.12

Tuliptree Liriodendron tulipfera 75'-100' 35'-50'

W alnut, Black Juglans nigra 50'-70' 50'-70'

W illow, Black Salix nigra 30'-60' 20'-30'

Zelkova, Japanese Zelkova serrata 50'-80' 40'-70'

‘Green Vase’

‘Village Green’

PLANT LIST B - MEDIUM DECIDUOUS TREES

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME HEIGHT SPREAD

Alder, Italian Alnus cordata 30'-50' 20'-25'

Birch, Sweet Betula lenta 40'-50' 35'-45'

Buckeye, Arnold Aesculus x arnoldiana 35'-40' 30'-40'

‘Autumn Splendor’

Buckeye, Ohio Aesculus glabra 20'-40' 20'-40'

Cherry, Higan Prunus subhirtella 20'-40' 15'-30'

‘Autumnalis’

var Pendula

Cherry, Sargent Prunus sargentii 40'-50' 30'-50'

‘Columnaris’

Cherry, Yoshino Prunus yedoensis 20'-40' 20'-40'

‘Akebono’

Golden-Raintree Koelreuteria paniculata 30'-40' 30'-40'

Honeylocust, Thornless Gleditsia triacanthos 30'-50' 30'-50'

var Inermis

‘Imperial’

‘Moriane’

‘Shademaster’

‘Skyline’

‘Sunburst’

Hophornbeam Ostrya virginiana 25'-40' 20'-30'

Hornbeam, American Carpinus carolinana 20'-35' 20'-35'

Hornbeam, Columnar Carpinus betulus 30'-50' 20'-30'

European

Horsechestnut, Red Aesculus x carnea 35'-45' 20'-35'

‘Briotii’

‘Fort McNair’

‘O’Neill’

Lilac, Japanese Tree Syringa reticulata 20'-30' 15'-25'

36.13

‘Ivory Silk’

Lilac, Peking Syringa pekinensis 20'-30' 15'-25'

‘China Snow’

Maple, Hedge Acer campestre 25'-35' 25'-35'

Maple, W hite Tigress Acer x ‘white tigress’ 20'-30' 15'-20'

Mulberry, Red Morus rubra 40'-50' 40'-50'

Osage-Orange Maclura pomifera 20'-40' 20'-40'

‘W hite Shield’

‘W itchita’

Parrotia, Persian Parrotia persica 20'-40' 15'-30'

Pine, Japanese W hite Pinus parviflora 25'-50' 25'-50'

Pine, Swiss Stone Pinus cembra 30'-40' 15'-25'

Redcedar, Eastern Juniperus virginiana 40'-50' 15'-20'

Silverbell, Carolina Halesia tetraptera 30'-40' 20'-35'

Stewartia, Japanese Stewartia pseudocamellia 20'-35' 20'-30'

Yellowood Cladrastis kentukea 30'-50' 40'-55'

‘Perkins Pink’

PLANT LIST C - LARGE SHRUBS AND SMALL DECIDUOUS TREES

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME HEIGHT SPREAD

Alder, Tag Alnus, serrulata 15'-20' 10'-20'

Bayberry, Northern Myrica pensylvanica 5'-12' 5'-12'

Bladdernut Staphylea trifolia 10'-15' 10'-20'

Buckeye, Bottlebrush Aesculus parviflora 8'-12' 8'-15'

Buckeye, Red Aesculus pavia 10'-20' 10'-20'

Buckthorn, Carolina Rhamnus caroliniana 15'-20' 10'-15'

Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis 10'-12' 6'-8'

Cherry, Hally Jolivette Prunus x ‘Hally Jolivette’ 10'-15' 10'-15'

Cherry, Oriental Prunus serrulata 15'-20' 15'-20'

‘Kwanzan’

‘Shirofugen’

Chokeberry, Black Aronia melanocarpa 6'-10' 3'-5'

36.14

Chokeberry, Red Aronia arbutifolia 6'-10' 3'-5'

Cotoneaster, Many Flowered Cotoneaster multiflorus 8'-12' 12'-15'

Crabapple (Varieties) Malus (varieties) 10'-25' 10'-30'

‘Bob W hite’

‘Coral Burst’

‘Donald W yman’

‘Harvest Gold’

‘Red Swan’

‘Sugar Tyme’

‘W hite Angel’

Dogwood, Corneliancherry Cornus mas 20'-25' 15'-20'

Dogwood, Flowering Cornus florida 20'-25' 20'-25'

Dogwood, Gray Cornus racemosa 10'-15' 10'-15'

Dogwood, Kousa Cornus kousa 15'-20' 15'-20'

var Chinensis

‘Milky W ay’

Dogwood, Pagoda Cornus alternifolia 15'-25' 20'-30'

Dogwood, Rough-Leaf Cornus drummondii 10'-15' 10'-15'

Elderberry Sambucus canadensis 5'-12' 5'-12'

Forsythia, Border Forsythia x intermedia 8'-10' 10'-12'

Forsythia, W eeping Forsythia suspensa 8'-10' 10'-15'

Fothergilla, Large Fothergilla major 6'-10' 5'-8'

‘Mt. Airy’

Fringtree Chionanthus virginicus 15'-20' 15'-20'

Hawthorn, Cockspur Crataegus crus-galli 15'-20' 15'-20'

Hawthorn, Green Crataegus viridis 20'-30' 20'-30'

‘W inter King’

Hawthorn, W ashington Crataegus phaenopyrum 20'-30' 20'-25'

Hazelnut, American Corylus americana 10'-15' 8'-15'

Holly, Deciduous Ilex decidua 10'-20' 10'-15'

Possumhaw

Holly, Foster Ilex x attenuata 10'-20' 5'-10'

“Fosteri’

Holly, Longstalk Ilex pedunculosa 10'-15' 10'-15'

Holly, Meserve Ilex x mesevene 6'-10' 6'-10'

‘Blue Angel’

36.15

‘Blue Prince’

‘Blue Princess’

Honeysuckle, Fragrant Lonicera fragrantissima 5'-12' 5'-12'

Indigobush Amorpha fruticosa 10'-12' 12'-15'

Juniper, Chinese (Cultivars) Juniperus chinensis 12'-25' varied

‘Gold Lace’

‘Grey Owl’

‘Hetz Columnaris’

‘Keteleeri’

‘Mint Julep’

‘Pfitzeriana’

‘Nick’s Compact’

‘Sea Green’

Maackia, Amur Maackia amurensis 20'-30' 20'-30'

‘Starburst’

‘Summertime’

Magnolia, Saucer Magnolia x soulangiana 20'-20' 20'-30'

‘Lennei’

Magnolia, Star Magnolia stellata 10'-20' 10'-15'

Magnolia, Sweetbay Magnolia virginiana 10'-45' 10'-45'

‘Northern Belle’

var Australis

‘Henry Hicks’

Maple, Girard’s Hybrid Acer griseum x nikoense 20'-30' 15'-20'

Maple, Ivy Leafed Acer cissifolium 20'-30' 20'-30'

Maple, Japanese Acer palmatum 15'-25' 15'-25'

‘Atropurpureum”

‘Bloodgood’

‘Burgundy Lace’

‘Dissectum’

Maple, Paperbark Acer griseum 25'-30' 15'-20'

Maple, Three Flower Acer triflorum 20'-30' 20'-30'

Pawpaw Asimina triloba 15'-30' 15'-30'

Pine, Japanese Red Pinus densiflora 10'-15' 10'-15'

‘Oculus-draconis’

‘Umbraculifera’

Pine, Mugo Pinus mugo 15'-20' 20'-30'

‘Compacta’

‘Slavinii’

Plum, W ild Prunus americana 15'-25' 15'-25'

36.16

Quince, Flowering Chaenomeles speciosa 6'-10' 6'-10'

Redbud, Eastern Cercis candensis 20'-25' 20'-30'

‘Alba’

‘Appalachian Red’

‘Flame’

‘Forest Pansy’

‘Royal W hite’

‘Tennessee Pink’

Serviceberry, Allegheny Amelanchier laevis 15'-25' 15'-25'

‘Cumulus’ - single trunk

Serviceberry, Downy Amelanchier arborea 15'-25' 15'-25'

Serviceberry, Shadblow Amelanchier canadensis 20'-25' 15'-20'

Smoketree, American Cotinus obovatus 15'-20' 15'-20'

Spicebush Lindera benzoin 6'-12' 6'-12'

Sumac, Smooth Rhus glabra 9'-15' 9'-15'

Sumac, Staghorn Rhus typhina 15'-20' 15'-20'

Viburnum, American Viburnum trilobum 8'-12' 8'-12'

Cranberrybush

Viburnum, Blackhaw Viburnum prunifolium 12'-15' 6'-12'

Viburnum, Burkwood Viburnum x burkwoodii 8'-10' 6'-8'

Viburnum, Cranberrybush Viburnum opulus 8'-12' 10'-15'

Viburnum, Doublefile Viburnum plicatum 8'-10' 9'-12'

var Tomentosum

Viburnum, Leatherleaf Viburnum rhytidophyllum 10'-15' 10'-15'

Viburnum, Siebold Viburnum sieboldii 15'-20' 10'-15'

W afer-Ash, Hop Tree Ptelea trifoliata 15'-20' 15'-20'

W ahoo, Eastern Eunymus atropurpureus 15'-20' 15'-25'

W illow, Pussy Salix discolor 15'-30' 15'-25'

W illow, Sandbar Salix exigua 15'-25' 10'-15'

W itchhazel Hamamelis virginiana 20'-30' 20'-30'

W itchhazel, Vernal Hamamelis vernalis 6'-10' 6'-10'

Yew, Anglojap Taxux x meda 5'-12' var

‘Brownii’

‘Chadwickii’

‘Densiformis’

36.17

‘Hatfieldii’

‘Hicksii’

‘W ardii’

Yew, Japanese Taxus cuspidata 10'-20' 10'-30'

‘Capitata’

‘Nana’

‘Thayen’

PLANT LIST D - LARGE EVERGREEN TREES

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME HEIGHT SPREAD

Alaska-Cedar Chamaecyparis nootkatensis 30'-45' 10'-15'

Arborvitae, American Thuja occidentalis 40'-60' 10'-15'

Cedar, Hardy Cedar of Cedrus libani var. 40'-60' 20'-30'

Lebanon

Cypress, Bald Taxodium distichum 60'-80' 25'-35'

Cypress, Pond Taxodium ascendens 50'-60' 10'-15'

Falsecypress, Hinoki Chamaecyparis obtusa 50'-75' 10'-20'

Fir, Cilician Abies cilicica 60'-80' 20'-30'

Fir, Doulgas Pseudotsuga menziesii 40'-80' 10'-20'

‘Glauca’

Fir, W hite Abies concolor 30'-50' 15'-30'

Hemlock, Canadian Tsuga canadensis 40'-70' 25'-35'

Hemlock, Carolina Tsuga caroliniana 45'-60' 20'-25'

Holly, American Ilex opaca 40'-50' 20'-40'

Pine, Lacebark Pinus bungeana 35'-50' 30'-40'

Pine, Red Pinus resinosa 50'-80' 20'-40'

Pine, W hite Pinus strobus 50'-80' 20'-40'

Spruce, Colorado Picea pungens 50'-70' 20'-30'

‘Fat Albert’

‘Glauca’

‘Hoopsi’

‘Thomsenii’

Spruce, Norway Picea abies 40'-60' 25'-30'

‘Nidiformis’

Spruce, Oriental Picea orientalis 50'-60' 20'-30'

36.18

Spruce, Serbian Picea omorika 50'-60' 15'-20'

Spruce, W hite Picea glauca 40'-60' 10'-20'

var Densata

PLANT LIST E - SMALL AND MEDIUM SHRUBS

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME HEIGHT SPREAD

Abelia, Glossy Abelia x grandiflora 3'-5' 3'-5'

Allspice, Carolina Calycanthus, floridus 6'-9' 6'-12'

Aralia, Fiveleaf Acanthopanax sieboldianus 6'-10' 3'-5'

Barberry, Japanese Berberis thunbergii 3'-5' 4'-7'

‘Crimson Pygmy’

Barberry, Mentor Berberis x mentorensis 5'-7' 5'-7'

Barberry, W intergreen Berberis julianae 6'-10' 6'-10'

Boxwood, Common Buxus sempervirens 5'-6' 6'-8'

‘Northland’

‘Vardar Valley’

‘W elleri’

Boxwood, Littleleaf Buxus microphylla 3'-4' 3'-4'

‘Compacta’

var Koreana

‘Tide Hill’

‘W intergreen’

Cinquefoil, Bush Potentilla fruticosa 1'-4' 2'-4'

‘Abbotswood’

‘Fargo’

‘Farreri’

‘Goldfinger’

‘Moonlight’

Clethra, Summersweet Clethra alnifolia 3'-8' 4'-6'

Corralberry Symphoricarpos orbiculatus 2'-5' 4'-8'

Cotoneaster, Cranberry Cotoneaster apicultus 2.5'-3' 3'-6'

Cotoneaster, Rock Cotoneaster, horizontalis 2'-3' 5'-8'

Cotoneaster, Spreading Cotoneaster, divaricatus 5'-6' 6'-8'

Currant, Alpine Ribes alpinum 3'-6' 6'-9'

Deutzia, Slender Deutzia gracilis 2'-3' 3'-4'

Dogwood, Silky Cornus amomum 6'-10' 6'-10'

36.19

Falsecypress, Hinoki Chamaecyparis obtusa 4'-6' 4'-6'

‘Compacta’

‘Grachs’

‘Nana Gracilis’

Falselyparis, Sawara Chamaecyparis pisifera 6'-8' 6'-7'

‘Cyano-virdis’

‘Filifera’

‘Filifera Aurea’

‘Plumosa’

‘Plumosa Aurea’

‘Squarrosa’

Fothergilla, Dwarf Fothergilla gardenii 2'-4' 3'-4'

Holly, Japanese Ilex crenata 5'-8' 5'-8'

‘Convexa’

‘Glory’

‘Green Luster’

‘Helleri’

‘Hetzi’

‘Microphylla’

‘Rotundifolia’

Holly, W interberry Ilex verticillata 6'-9' 6'-9'

Hydrangea, American Hydrangea arborescens 3'-5' 3'-5'

Inkberry Ilex glabra 6'-8' 8'-10'

‘Nigra’

Jetbead Rhodotypos scandens 3'-6' 4'-9'

Juniper, Creeping Juniperus horizontalis 2'-2.5' 6'-10'

‘Bar Harbor’

‘Blue Chip’

‘Blue Mat’

‘Douglasi’

‘Plumosa’

‘Plumosa Compacta’

‘Procumbens’

‘W iltoni’

‘Youngstown’

Juniper, Sargent’s Chinese Juniperus chinensis 1.5'-2.5' 7'-9'

var Sargentii

Laurelcherry, Common Prunus laurocerasus 3'-6' 3'-6'

‘Otto Luyken’

‘Schipkaensis’

‘Zabeliana’

Lilac, Littleleaf Syringa microphylla 4'-6' 9'-12'

‘Superba’

Meadowsweet Spiraea alba 3'-4' 3'-4'

36.20

Ninebark, Eastern Physocarpus opulifolius 5'-8' 4'-6'

Spirea, Bumalda Spiraea x bumalda 2'-3' 3'-5'

‘Anthony W atereri’

Spirea, Nippon Spiraea nipponica 3'-6' 3'-6'

‘Snowmound’

St. John’s W ort, Shrubby Hypericum prolificum 3'-4' 3'-4'

Stephanandra, Cutleaf Stephanandra incisa 4'-7' 4'-7'

‘Crispa’

Strawberry Bush Euonymus americanus 4'-6' 3'-4'

Sumac, Fragrant Rhus aromatica 3'-6' 6'-10'

Viburnum, Arrowwood Viburnum dentatum 6'-10' 6'-10'

Yew, English Taxus baccata 2'-4' 3'-5'

‘Repandens’

36.21

Figure 36.1

36.22

Figure 36.2

Landscape Island Types

36.23

Figure 36.3

Parking Islands

Figure 36.4

Parking Island Planting

36.24

Figure 36.5

Plant Calculations

36.25