Art of Singing, Marchesi

52
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Transcript of Art of Singing, Marchesi

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MT —885 vs^^V>>>>>V>3>r>>>^.Mo7

op. 21

vol.1

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»s^»gggDESIGN COPYRIGHTED I90B. BY G SCHIRMER

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LIBRARY

Brigham Young University

GIFT OF

BERTRAM N. HAIGH

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,MJ 7

1.2.1

Schirmer's Library of Musical

Classics

Vols. 793, 794

MATHILDE MARCHESIOp. 21

THE ART OF SINGING

PART I.

ELEMENTARY AND GRADUATEDEXERCISES

PART II.

THIRTY VOCALISES for MEZZO-SOPRANO

NEW YORK : G. SCHIRMER

BOSTON : BOSTON MUSIC CO.

1904

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«J£2LL° * LK LIBRARYWHGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

PROVO, UTAH

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AVANT-PROPOSLa deuxieme edition de   1'Art du Chant   que

j'ai revue et augmentee suivant l'experience des

derniers douze ans de mon enseignement, resume

la partie theorique-pratique de mon systeme. Elle

contient les exercices et les vocalises elementaires et

graduees pour la formation du mecanisme de la

voix ; une suite de vocalises a deux voix pour

apprendre a chanter la seconde voix, et enfin des

melodies avec paroles pour unir l'articulation a la

vocalisation.

Je crois ici devoir rappeler encore une fois le

principe que j'ai deja expose dans differentes pre-

faces des ouvrages que j'ai publies, a savoir, qu'il

faut, pour arriver a un prompt et heureux resultat,

ne presenter a l'eleve qu'une difficulte a la fois, et

s'attacher a le faire triompher des obstacles en les

lui opposant dans leur ordre naturel et progressif.

On ne saurait assez recommander aux profes-

seurs et aux eleves de s'arreter le plus longtemps

possible aux etudes vocales elementaires, et de ne

passer au chant avec paroles, que lorsque la voix de

1'eleve sera parfaitement posee dans toute son eten-

due, que les trois registres en seront fondus et que

l'organe vocal aura acquis un degre suffisant de fle-

xibilite et d'agilite.*

II est sous-entendu que chaque professeur, avant

d'entreprendre la tache difficile de la formation de la

voix et la grande responsabilite de l'avenir artistique

de ses eleves, ait fait les etudes indispensables d'ana-

tomie, de physiologie et d'acoustique, pour pouvoir

definir et determiner les preceptes suivants.

I. Position de l' Eleve

La position du corps de 1'eleve, pendant qu'il

chante, doit etre aussi naturelle et aussi aisee que

possible. II se tiendra bien d'aplomb, la tete droite,

les epaules effacees, sans effort, et la poitrine libre.

II evitera toute raideur du corps, pour laisser la plus

grande independance aux organes de la phonation,

pendant leur action.

* Pour le developpement et le perfectionnement complet de

l'organe vocal, outre les Vocalises contenues dans cette Methode,

j'ai aussi publie nombre de cahiers de Vocalises sp6ciales, graduees,

pour les voix de Soprano, Mezzo-Soprano et Contralto, ainsi que des

Etudes d'Agilite avec Paroles, que je crois fort utiles pour le deve-

loppement de la voix,

Les Vocalises sont editees chez Aug. Cranz & Hatnbourg,

chez B. Senff a Leipsig, chez Schott Ireres a Mayence et a Cologne

16«05

2. Disposition de la bouche

La bouche souriante, adoptee par plusieurs pro-

fesseurs anciens et modernes, est tout a fait contraire

aux lois de la formation du son. L'eleve ouvriradone la bouche naturellement, en ecartant le menton,

comme pour prononcer un A legerement sombre

et il la tiendra immobile dans la meme position pen-

dant toute la duree de remission du son.

11 est utile de rappeler a l'eleve que la bouche

s'ouvre du cote inferieur seulement, la partie supe-

rieure etant immobile ; d'ou la necessite d'abaisser

le menton.

J. Respiration

La respiration normale, propre a Thomme sam,

est diaphragmatique ou abdominale. Dans les deux

autres modes de respiration que nous condamnons,

savoir: la claviculaire et la laterale, les poumons ne

se remplissent qu'en partie, de la la necessite de

respirer plus souvent et l'impossibilite de chanter

des longues phrases d'une seule respiration.

4. Attaque de la voix

(Coup de la glotte)

Cette action organique, qui forme l'attaque ou

pose de la voix, s'obtient en preparant la glotte et la

bouche pour produire line voyelle quelconque.

Pourtant le type de voyelle preferable pour la

formation et le developpement de la voix est celui

de l'A legerement sombre indique au § 2.

L'eleve doit comprendre que le coup de glotte

est un mouvement normal de son organe vocal, et

qu'il faut tout simplement soumettre a sa volonte

Taction spontanee, qui s'est developpee des qu'il a

commence a vagir en venant au monde. C'est en

effet par cette meme aptitude innee que nous for-

mons inconsciemment toutes les voyelles en parlant.

J. Les trois registres des voix defemmes

Les voix de femmes se divisent en Contralto,

Mezzo-Soprano, Soprano dramatique et Soprano

aigu, leger (sfogato).

La limite superieure du registrt de poitrine de

toutes les voix de femmes varie entre les notes

P * Ifr

in

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Les voix de Contralto et de Mezzo-Soprano ont

generalement un registre de poitrine beaucoup plus

etendu que les voix de Soprano, et qui se prolonge

plus ou moins dans les notes graves.

Pour egaliser et fondre le registre de poitrine

avec celui de medium, l'eleve est obligee de sombrer

legerement les deux derniers degres de poitrine en

montant, et de les ouvrir en descendant. Chaque

effort fait sur les derniers degres d'un registre in-

ferieur rend difficile, et a la longue impossible le

developpement de l'intensite des premieres notes du

registre suivant, et par consequent la fusion des deux

registres.

Quand les limites des registres ne sont pas fixees

on a toujours dans la gamme chantee a pleine voix,

ou dans la phrase soutenue une serie de sons incer-

tains, faibles et faux.

Suivant le diapason moderne, la derniere note de

poitrine de presque toutes les voix de Contralto et

de Mezzo-Soprano peut varier entre

$ -fi-

ll y a des voix de Contralto, qui par une position

exceptionelle du larynx, n'arrivent jamais a pouvoir

developper la voix de tete. Ces voix courtes, qui

disposent uniquement des registres de poitrine et de

medium, sont de tres rares exceptions et ne peuvent

aspirer qu'a une carriere de concerts

La limite du registre de medium de toutes les

voix de femmes peut varier entre les notes suivantes

i^la regie generate indique pourtant le/<* comme der-

nier degre

pa6. Mantere de travailler

Une gymnastique rationelle et graduee peut de-

velopper une grande elasticite, ainsi qu'une grande

force de tension dans les muscles des organes de

phonation, sans jamais les fatiguer : tandis que le

moindre exces de travail engendre l'epuisement.

Au commencement des etudes l'eleve ne doit

done pas chanter trop a la fois, et dans les premiers

jours il ne doit pas s'exercer pendant plus de cinq a

dix minutes consecutives. Les etudes ainsi mesurees

pourront se repeter trois ou quatre fois par jour,

separees par de grands intervalles. Ce temps consacre

a exercer la voix pourra s'augmenter de cinq minutes

a la fois, jusqu'a la duree d'une demi-heure.

Si, comme il arrive bien souvent, l'eleve, n'etant

pas penetre de ces preceptes, travaille a la maison

plus que le professeur le lui present, la triste conse

quence, la fatigue de la voix (des cordes vocales), ne

se fait pas attendre longtemps.

y. Analyse

La plus grande partie des eleves qui apprennent

a chanter sont bien peu musiciens. lis commencent

a chanter les exercices et les gammes machinalement,

guides uniquement par l'oreille, sans se rendre compte

de la duree de chaque mesure et de la division

rythmique, par consequent sans apprecier la valeur

speciale de chaque note. Cette maniere de se laisser

guider par l'oui'e est des plus pernicieuses, et fait

perdre un temps incalculable a l'eleve. De plus,

chantant toujours en tatonnant, l'eleve est oblige de

repeter cent fois le meme trait, ce qui, au lieu d'aider

au progres, n'aboutit qu'a fatiguer l'organe de la

voix. II faut done que l'eleve des la premiere lecon

s'habitue a analyser, e'est-a-dire a mediter d'abord ce

qu'il doit executer; en un mot il faut qu'il fasse

preceder le travail materiel par le travail mental.

Ce systeme analytique, une fois adopte par l'eleve

des le commencement, lui sera d'une tres grande

utilite dans toutes les differentes periodes progressives

de ses etudes, ainsi que plus tard dan« l'exercice de

sa carriere, en apprenant des roles.

8. Style

Les chants nationaux exceptes, qui ont un ca-

ractere tout a fait populaire, local, particulier a

chaque nation, il n'y a que deux styles dans le monde

entier : le bon et le mauvais, comme il y a une bonne

et une mauvaise methode de chant. Vouloir done

admettre une methode de chant dans un style

allemand, anglais, francais ou italien dans la stricte

acception du mot, est completement errone. Nous

avons eu en effet, de tout temps des centaines

d'exemples de grands chanteurs des deux sexes

appartenant aux differentes nations de 1'Europe, qui

ont rencontre le meme enthousiasme a Paris, a

Londres, a Rome, a Vienne, a St.-Petersbourg etc

Beaucoup de professeurs de chant pretendent que

pour musique vocale moderne, ayant la phrase large

et declamee, sans aucun trait d'agilite ou de petits

agrements, les chanteurs n'ont pas besoin de travailler

le mecanisme de la voix, que fatigue l'organe vocal

et fait perdre trop de temps a l'eleve.

10806 IV

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Quant a la fatigue de la voix par le travail, cela

depend uniquement de la capacite du professeur et

de la docilite intelligente de l'eleve a l'eviter.

Pour ce qui concerne les exigences techniques de

la phrase large et declamee, c'est tout a fait le con-

traire de ce que Ton dit a ce sujet.

Une chanteuse qui a appris a bien respirer, qui

a egalise sa voix et bien fondu les registres, et qui a

developpe rationellement la volubilite de son larynx

et 1'elasticite de sa glotte et du tuyau resonnant, pour

pouvoir produire avec son organe vocal toutes les

nuances de timbre, d'intensite et d'expression possi-

bles, peut assurement tres bien chanter la phrase

large et declamee moderne sans fatigue et sans effort,

c'est a dire, sans exagerer ni crier. Tandis qu'une

autre chanteuse, qui est en lutte avec sa respiration

et avec le mecanisme de son organe vocal, et qui

par consequent exagere et denature la phrase

musicale moderne en criant, finit par fatiguer bien

vite sa voix.

Chaque art sc compose d'une partie technique-

mecanique et d'une partie esthetique ; celui qui ne

s'est pas assez prepare pour vaincre les difficultes de

la premiere partie, ne peut jamais arriver a la

perfection de la seconde, fut-il meme un genie.

Janvier 1890.

MATHILDE MARCHESI.

PREFACEThe present Second Edition of my  Art of

Singing, which I have revised and enlarged in

accordance with the experience of the last twelve

years of my teaching, comprises the theoretico-

practical part of my system. It includes Exercises

and elementary and progressive Vocalises for the

development of the mechanism of the voice ; a series

of two-part Vocalises, for practice in singing a second

part; and lastly, Melodies with words, to combine

articulation with vocalisation.

I embrace this opportunity to again call attention

to the fact already set forth in various prefaces

to my other works, namely, that in order to achieve

speedy and successful results, it is necessary to set

difficulties before the pupil one by one, and to assist

him in overcoming them by presenting them in

natural and progressive order.

Teachers and students cannot be too strongly

urged to spend as much time as possible over the

elementary vocal studies, and to pass on to singingwith words only when the pupil's voice is perfectly

placed throughout its entire compass, when the three

registers are completely blended, and when the vocal

organ has acquired a sufficient degree of ease and

flexibility.*

* Besides the Vocalises contained in this Method, I have also

published a series of special Progressive Vocalises for Soprano,

Mezzo-Soprano and Contralto, as well as Bravura Studies with

words, which may be employed to advantage for the development

and perfect control of the voice.

These are published by Messrs. Aug. Cranz in Hamburg,

B. Senff in Leipzig, and B. Schott in Mayence and Cologne.

16805

I assume that each teacher, before undertaking

the difficult task of the formation of the voice, and

the weighty responsibility for the artistic future of

his pupils, will have studied anatomy, physiology

and acoustics to the extent requisite for explaining

and enforcing the following precepts.

7. Position of the Pupil

The position of the body, while singing, should

be as natural and unconstrained as possible. The

pupil should stand straight, the head erect, shoulders

drawn back without effort, and the chest expanded.

All stiffness in the body must be avoided in order

to secure the greatest possible freedom of action to

the organs concerned in voice-production.

2. Position of the Mouth

The smiling mouth recommended by so many

early and modern masters is entirely contrary to the

laws of the formation of tone. The pupil shouldopen the mouth quite naturally, lowering the chin,

as though to pronounce the vowel A (ah) slightly

darkened, and should keep it unmoved during th«

continuance of the emission of the tone.

It is necessary to remind the student, that the

lowerjaw alone opens, the upperjaw remaining fixed ;

hence the necessity of lowering the chin.

J, Respiration

Normal respiration, characteristic of a healthy

person, is diaphragmatic or abdominal. In the

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two other ways (which we reject), namely, clavicular

and lateral respiration, the lungs are but partially

filled, hence the necessity of breathing more fre-

quently and the impossibility of singing long phrases

in one breath.

4. The Attack of a Tone

(Stroke of the Glottis)

The mechanical action which constitutes the

attack, or placing of the voice, is produced by pre-

paring the glottis and the mouth to form some

particular vowel-sound. Now, the type of vowel

preferable for the formation and development of the

voice is the Italian A (ah), slightly darkened as

indicated in § 2.

The pupil should understand clearly that the

stroke of the glottis is a normal function of the

vocal organ, and that he has simply to subordinate

to his will the spontaneous action which was

developed at his first attempt to cry as an infant.

It is, in point of fact, by means of this innate

aptitude that we form all vowels in speaking.

J. The Three Registers of the Female Voice

Female voices are classed thus:

Contralto, Mezzo-Soprano, dramatic Soprano

and high, light Soprano (sfoga/o).

The upper limit of the chest-register in all female

voices varies between these notes

P 5 a flg

Contralto and Mezzo-Soprano voices usually

have a chest-register of much greater compass than

Soprano voices, extending more or less into me

lower notes.

In order to equalize and blend the chest-register

with the middle register, the pupil must slightly

darken the last two chest-notes in ascending the

scale and open them in descending. Every strain

made on the upper notes of a lower register not only

increases the difficulty of developing the strength

of the first notes of the following register, but in

the end renders the blending of the two registers

completely impossible.

When the limits of the registers are not clearly

defined, there will always be a series of uncertain,

weak and false tones in singing scales with full voice,

or in sustained passages.

According to the modern pitch, the highest1MO6

chest-note of almost all Contralto and Mezzo-

Soprano voices will vary between:

P 1

There are some Contralto voices which, on ac-

count of an unusual position of the larnyx, never

succeed in developing the head-voice. Such voices

of narrow compass, which use only the chest- andmiddle registers, are, however, rare exceptions, and

can aspire only to a concert-career.

The limit of the middle register for all female

voices may vary between the following notes

P 1

The general rule, however, places/as the high

note :

pm6. Method of Practising

Rational and progressive study is capable of

developing great elasticity as well as considerable

suppleness in the muscles of the sound-producing

organs without ever fatiguing them ; whereas, the

least excess of practice produces exhaustion.

At the commencement of his studies the pupil

should, therefore, not sing too long at a time, andduring the first few days he should not practise more

than five or ten consecutive minutes. Practice thus

limited may be repeated three or four times a day at

long intervals. The time devoted to exercising the

voice may be increased five minutes at a time up to

half an hour.

If, as happens frequently, the pupil, not taking

these precepts to heart, practises at home longer than

the teacher has sanctioned, the sad result, the over

taxing of the voice (of the vocal cords), will speedily

ensue.

7. Analysis

Most pupils who study singing are not very

musical. Consequently, they begin to sing the

exercises and scales mechanically, guided solely by

ear, without paying any attention to the length of

each measure and to rhythmical division, and thus

without appreciating the value of each separate note.

This habit of allowing oneself to be guided by ear

is

very harmful, and causes an incalculable waste ofVI

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to the pupils. Furthermore, by thus always

for the note, the pupil is obliged to repeat the

passage incessantly, which, instead of assisting

ends by fatiguing the vocal organs. From

first lesson, therefore, the student should accustom

to analyse, that is, to reflect on what he has

do ; in a word, it is necessary that practical work

be preceded by mental study.

If this analytic system of study be adopted by the

from the beginning, it will prove very useful

him throughout the progressive stages of his

and also in the practice of his profession

studying new roles.

8. Style

With the exception of national songs which have

entirely popular and local character, peculiar to

nationality, there are only two styles in the

a good style and a bad style, just as there are

one good and one bad method of singing. It is

wrong, therefore, to talk of a German,

English or Italian style or method of sing-

in the strict sense of the term. In all ages, in

we have had hundreds ofexamples to show that

singers of both sexes, belonging to diverse

have been received with equal

in Rome, Paris, London, Vienna, St.

etc.

Manyteachers of singing maintain that in

vocal music, where sustained and declama-

tory phrases have replaced rapid runs and graceful

turns, singers do not need to develop the mechan-

ism of the voice, as this only fatigues the vocal

organs and robs the pupil of valuable time.

As regards fatigue of the voice from study, its

avoidance depends entirely on the skill of the teacher

and the intelligent receptivity of the pupil.

As to the technical requirements of sustained and

declamatory phrases, the truth of the matter is quite

the contrary of the above statements.

A singer who has learned to breathe properly,

equalized her voice and blended the registers, and

who has systematically developed the flexibility of

the larynx, and the elasticity of glottis and resonant

cavities, so as to be able to produce all possible

shades of timbre, intensity and expression, can un-

questionably sing sustained and declamatory phrases

perfectly well without fatigue or effort, that is to say

without exaggeration or screaming ; whereas, another

singer, who is struggling with her breathing and the

mechanism of her voice, and who consequently

exaggerates and disfigures the modern musical phrase

by screaming, very soon ends by fatiguing her voice.

Every art consists of a technico-mechanical part

and an aesthetic part; he who is insufficiently pre-

pared to overcome the difficulties of the former, will

never attain perfection in the latter, be he even a

genius.

January, 1890.

MATHILDE MARCHESI.

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2Exercices elementaires gradues

pour le developpement de la voix.

Progressive elementary exercises

for the development of the voice.

Emission de voix.

L'eleve ouvrira la bouche sans affectation ancune, en

la tenant parfaitement tranquille et en aspirant lente-

ment. II attaquera ensuite lessons tres nettement stir la

voyelle A, en serrant la g-lotte et en evitant toute se-

cousse ainsi que tout effort.

Emission of the voice (Attack).

The student must open the mouth without any con-

tortion, hold it quite still and then breathe slowly. Then

each note is to be clearly uttered, upon the vowel A(ah}

contracting the glottis beforehand, but without spas -

modic effort or jerkiness.

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5

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Tierce ehromatique.

Exercice pour la fusion des reg-istres

Chromatic Thirds.

Exercise in blending the registers. t

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6

Gammes,

Les voix a l'etat naturel sont presque toujours rudes,

inegales, lourdes et pen etendues. Apres avoir assure

a chaque son la justesse d'intonation par la pose de

la voix, il faut viser a developper le volume, l'intensite

et l'etendue de l'organe vocal, et a en fondre les re-

gistres. Celui qui voudrait arriver a chanter la gamme

sans s'etre exerce d'abord sur deux notes, puis sur

trois, etc., courrait risque de ne jamais bien faire aucun

trait. Les gammes et les exercices doivent etre trans-

poses suivant le genre de voix, en montant et en des-

cendant par demi-tons, sans toutefois depasser les li-

mites que chaque voix peut atteindre.(On recommande

dans la gamme l'intonation precise des demi-tons, ainsi

que l'egalite la plus parfaite.)

Scales.

Voices in their natural state are nearly always rough,

unequal and of restricted compass and agility.When

the intonation of every tone is assured by practising

emission, attention must be directed towards develop-

ing the volume, intensity and range of the vocal organ,

also the blending of its registers. The student who at-

tempts to sing scales before having practised them

by two and then three notes at a time, runs the risk

of never being able to execute any musical figure with

clearness. The scales and exercises (both ascending

and descending) are to be transposed by semitones

for the different kinds of voices, but care must be

taken both in the highest and lowest notes not to

strain the voice.

Attention must be paid to the exact intonation of the

semitones, likewise to the most perfect smoothness.

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8

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9

Les gammes et les exercices doivent etre chantes a

pleine voix, sans toutefois la forcer. En etudiant a de-

voix, la tension de la glotte ne se developpera jamais,

le son n'atteindra pas l'intensite voulue. On recom-

a l'eleve de ne jamais travailler plus dun quart

aeure a la fois.

The scales and exercises must be sung with full

voice, but without forcing. If the mezza voce is used

in practising, the tension of the glottis will not be

developed and the voice will fail to attain the de-

sired intensity. The student is advised nottoprac-

tise for more than a quarter of an hour at a time.

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10

Les g-ammes et les exercices devront etre trans-

poses dans les tons les mieux adaptes a la voix de

l'eleve.

The scales and exercises are to be transposed in-

to those keys most suitable to the voice.

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11

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12

Les g-ammes doivent etre chantees d'abord len-

tement et en respirant a chaque mesure, afin de

bien developper la voix et d'en etablir l'eg alite.

* Lorsque l'eleve sera plus avance' on pourra ac-

celerer le mouvement et reunir deux ou trois me-

sures dans line seule respiration.

The scales are to be sung slowly at first, tak-

ing breath at each bar in order to exercise the

voice and give it evenness. * When the pupil is

more advanced, the tempo may be quickened, and

two or even three measures sung in one breath.

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13

Continuation

des Exereices 44 au 53.

Continuation

of Exercises 44 to 53.

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16

60.

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Les g-ammes du 62 au 73 sont surtout desti-

nees aux Sopranos leg-ers; il ne faut les aborder

que lorsque la voix a deja atteint un certain de-

gre' de flexibilite.

The scale -passages Nos.62 to 73 are particu-

larly intended for a light soprano voice; they

should be practised only after the organ has ac-

quired a certain amount of flexibility.

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17

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19

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20Gamme chromatique.

Dans les commencements on jouera la gamme chro-

matique au piano, en meme temps que Peleve la chan-

ge, af'in que l'intonation soit parfaitement juste. On

transposera ces gammes comme les precedentes par

demi-tons. Pour acquerir une intonation parfaite,on e-

tudiera les g-ammes chromatiques dans un mouvement

tres modere.

The Chromatic Scale.

The chromatic scale must at first be played on

the piano while the pupil sings the notes, so that

a true intonation may be acquired. These scale-ex-

ercises must be transposed, like the preceding- ones,

by semitones. In order to sing the chromatic scale

correctly in tune, it must be practised slowly.

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21

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22

Gamme chromatique et diatonique, Chromatic and Diatonic ScaieS;

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23

Gammes mineures.

On transposera les gammes mineures ainsi que les

gammes.

Gamme melodique.

Melodic Scale.

Minor Scales.

The minor scales must be transposed in the same way

as the others.

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Gamme harmonique.

Harmonic Scale.

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24

Les exercices de deux, trois, quatre, six, sept et huit

notes, servent a fondre les registres, a preciser finto-

nation et a perfectionner lagilite. On ehantera ces exer-

cices comme Jes gammes, lentement d'abord, en respirant

par intervalles et en les transposant, suivantle genre de

voix, en montant ou en descendant d\in demi-ton; on pour-

ra en accelerer le mouvement quand l'eleve sera plus a-

vance.

Jai ecrit quelques exercices en clef de Soprano pour

initier les eleves a la lecture de cette clef.

The exercises of two, three, four, five, six, seven and

eight notes are for the purpose of blending the regis-

ters, rendering the intonation certain, and improving the

fluency. They are to be sungslowryat first, likethe scales,

taking suitable breath, and they are to be transposed, ac-

cording to the range of thevoice, a semitone higher or lower.

When the pupil has made some progress,the tempo may

be quickened.

Several exercises have been written inthe Soprano clef

in order to render the student acquainted with it.

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25

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26

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P1 1i*-

2-

f s

£S P :2=5fc

*)

109.

Exemple.

Example

Respirez.

Take breath.

* tf-^jjjjTTmTjjJjj^rfczfc : tfto.

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37

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28

120.

121.

122

123.

124.

125.

126.

127.

128.

Ww

% %hm*

4 ^^ ^^ EExemple

Example

Respirez.

Take breath.

*)

119 W mj3 jjwti i

jot?j)

Q<?fc.

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29

i $

£

gg lii^j

-

1

ffflfl B iHTffli im i mm ,,? i

nrlfrr tcrurr I rrrrar ii i .WN^esssa i i i i ii i

i || i i i i BM^sa

/7\

mf?\

m

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30

Traits d'ag-ilite.

Les traits d'ag-ilite devront etre chantes d'une

seule respiration et ne seront abordes que lors -

que 1 eleve sera en etat de les executer ainsi.

On les transposera comme tous les exercices.

Exercises on florid passages.

These exercises must be sung in one breath

and should be studied only when the student

is able to execute them in this manner. They

are to be transposed, like the rest.

129

130.^jpJ^flrftcer lttfrtefCttfJnjI

j

131 $<<>^^& i^mir?}

132.

133. I^jajgjagj^jw^tffr^

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^\$ftp&\®%&&% ^ etc.

Ijipilgl etc.

fetF

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^Qj'^s -^

i

js^-

^i jaa

a^uflaghr^^ijfk

l^jBjawqaj^lflrgff^lj i etc.

^^j^Mm^^ji-y,

135.

136.  jB^jp^ i tfifgfri^jya t

^g Jaj33tferletffttf'gerJ333

l

j Hi**

137.

j^P^J^^l^l

ete.

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>

ltJWWP t ^tftfgflr l jGarflW'lj * e/c.

ite £XE

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a 25

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etc.

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Gammes variees.

Lorsque l'agilite et legalite des gammes seront

etablies,on pourra les chanter de difie ren-

manieresj a inflexion, pointees, piquees,liees et

piquets et liees,fliitees,syncopees,crescendo

diminuendo, forte et piano.Cet exercice est specia-

destine aux voix le'geres. Les sons pique's se

en attaquant rapidement et nettement cha-

note (coup de glotte.) On aura soin de ne pas ex-

Fe'tude des notes piquees.La repetition con-

du coup de glotte fatigue la voix. Le flute est

pique prolonge. Les g-ammes a. inflexion sontex-

pour affermir l'ag-ilite.

31

Scales in various ways.

When fluency and evenness in singing scales

have been attained, they can be practised in various

ways: With accents, dotted notes, staccato, slurred

and staccato, staccato and slurred, syncopated, cre-

scendo and diminuendo, forte and piano. This exer-

cise is chiefly intended for a light soprano voice.

In order to sing the staccato (piques) notes, each

separate note must be quickly and very clearly at-

tacked. The staccato should not be too continuous-

ly practised. The rapid' succession of strokes of

the glottis is fatiguing to the voice. The flute is a

protracted pique. Accented notes are an excellent

exercise for improving the fluency.

ffnfly1^-

»eajtfciggi

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32

Notes repetees

Dans ces exercices afin de faire sentir la note repe-

tee,on fera usage dune legere aspiration (ha, ha),sans

toutefois l'exag-erer.

Repeated notes.

In this exercise, in order to make the repeated

notes perceptible,they must be lightly aspirated (ha,

ha),but without overemphasis.

141.

142.

4ni j j j i.

s?

r?

mmmm

i

gtf s t^mi

§

(CS

«-/T\

Triolet.

En etndiant le triolet, leleve doit marquer la secon-

de note pour eviter linegalite.

143.

144.

I

P ^ffl^Lcr 1^145.

5 jr

146.

147.

148.

2:-*-

Triplets.

In practising- triplets the pupil must accent the

second note in order to avoid unevenness.

a *

r3jiJ^Qjr i JJJpjj Mfej

igi'JJ iJ^rrrii^j^J i j

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j

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etc.

etc.

etc.

etc.

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33

149.

150.

a^^giCfg^i j 1 1etc.

F-Pi

  '''''

J?etc.

i *:

« =z

P^Egg i 5:

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IWE

etc.

BE

itjj^Wj^^j^m&Prfy 9^tf

»jj *- p^ $ e* *

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gg^gnup i jj.rjgJ^pl

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rsi:

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34 Arpeges.

On chanfera farpege avec l'egalite la plus parfaite,

en e'vitant surtout de donner des eclats de voix dans

les notes du haut.On passera avec precision d'un ton

a an autre, non pas en detachant, mais en liant lege-

rement les notes. On transposera les Arpeges comme

tous les exercices par demi-ton.

Arpeg-gios.

Arpeggios must be sung with absolute evenness,

and all forcing of the upper notes avoided/The voice

must go from one note to the next, without detach-

ing them, but slightly slurring them together. These

arpeggios are to be transposed by semitones, like

the other exercises.

151.

I i/T\ (T\

2=M i ^=2= ££=f z£=g -Z&2

+- Kszz:

+ r^m £ * ^:2t

153.

«\ 15*.

m 3t> f>

£kEC 5C :zcez

155. iiiCn 156

^N

* :£

^ ^3 i

+- o

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158.

157.

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35

iifegui :jF^* irp^Jiymi^ 6 ^ _

1

*im ^f i^=£ * 4 t

gte j i t J i J i £ *Pp

fel i f^rfSP^

m j *

j m Pm*

r i r *

Sp? t i r i r t

Ai

/>

$ t £ £ &/?\

f? *

i* j *

PIPiPPpiP

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rrrJ^mmrs

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36

164. rf.| JTOJTPPp i j »jggg tet

IS mggg ^s^ ^^bs:

Sons files.

On ne peut commencer a travailler les sons files a-

vant que la voix n'ait acquis un certain deg-re de souples-

se et de flexibilite. Le son file est, sans contredit, trop dif-

ficile pour les commencants.

Swelled Tone (Messa divoce).

This exercise should not be attempted beforethe voice

has attained a certain amount of smoothness and flexi-

bility. Swelling on a tone is, unquestionably, too diffi-

cult for beginners.

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Appoggiatura.

L'appoggiature est I'ornement du chant le plus facile

executer; *elle est, ainsi que son nom italien1'exprime,

note, sur laquelle appuie la voix pour passer ensuite

une note reelle de l'accord. L'appoggiature est gene-

une note etrangere a l'harmonie. Ellepeutetre

ou inferieure, et sa duree est tres variable. Si

mesure est paire, elle s'attribue la moiti6 de la valeur

la note qu'elle precede; si la mesure est impaire, elle

a la note principale ? de sa valeur. L'appog-

peut marquer toute espece d'intervalles, en com-

par le demi-ton. La duree de l'appoggiature de-

d'ailleurs du caractere de la phrase.

The Long- Appoggiatura.37

The long appoggiatura is the easiest of all ornaments

to execute; it is, as its Italian name indicates, a note

upon which the voice leans or rests before passing to

a note of the harmony; the long appoggiatura being

usually a note foreign to the chord. It may stand above

or below the harmony-note and is of variable length.

When the rhythm is duple, the long appoggiatura takes

half the length of the note which it precedes; when the

rhythm is triple, the appoggiatura takes two-thirds of

the value of the large note. The long appoggiaturacan

be made on several different intervals, beginning with

a semitone; its length is also partly dependent upon the

style of the movement.

166.

Appoggiatura.

Execution.

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i-& jz.

hI

JsP

m

m

± $iEipg

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1 I

Exemple: R£citatif de pOpera: «Titus» de Mozart.Example: r

u . „

167. „Recitative from the opera Titus, by Mozart.

Chant.

Melody.

Execution.

Piano.

£ § i Af g

Jm g l jjggj

£  l I fi i b g g b \

^b %

Ecco il pun -to, o Vi - tel-lia, d'e - sa - mi - nar la tua co - stan-za

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il

Ecco il pun-to, o Vi - tel-lia, de-sa-mi-nar la tua co - stan-#a.

S £

£

Sf

etc.

etc.

Chant.

Melody.

Execution

Piano.

£ i1 I

Recitatif de POpera: «Noces de Figaro» de Mozart.

Recitative from the opera  Figaro's Wedding by Mozart.

$* i h$ pppppir1 gpgl jjJ^gGiunse al-fi-neil momento, chego - drb senz'af-fanno, in braccio al -fi -dol mio...

 *• • 1 ' i 1 1% ^ t* i* * 1 • 1 1** 11 •

i

Giunse al - fi-ne il momento, che go - dro senz' af-fanno, in braccio al - 1 i - dol mio.

s

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£

I

etc.

etc.

etc.

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38

Petites notes

Lacciaccatura est line petite note vive qui precede,

a la distance d\m ton ou dull, demi-ton, line seconde

note moins courte qu'elle.

\

The Short Appog^iatura.

CAcciaccatura.)

The short appoggiatura is a small short note which

precedes a longer note at the interval of *a tone or

semitone.

169.

^miw^ $g

^#*ft

¥33E

p feE t

35P3E 3^ S JS

170.fe s **r i»*r ^r s fe

P *

S H g ^^

Mordant.

Le Mordant se compose de deux ou trois notes pre-

cedant la note destine'e a former la melodic L'eleve

aura soin d'exe'cuter ce groupe de deux ou trois notes

avec rapidite', toutefois en lVtudiant dabord lentement,

afin de faire ressortir nettement chaque note.

The Mordent.

The Mordent consists of two or three notes which

precede a melody-note. The pupil must execute these

two or three notes very rapidly, but yet must not negi

lect to practise them slowly at first,so that each note

may be distinctly uttered.

171. j* j^j m fly ig ^ ^ j ^j m > - h -

P ^etc.

§S» I

£e^

172. a i hVrw%< fa'a-

°

r °r^^^^ i-

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Grupetto.

Le Grupetto est un ornement de deux, trois ou qua-

tre petites notes, qui ne font pas partie de la me'lo-

die. II se compose de la re'union des appog-g-iatures

inferieure et supe'rieure a la note principale.

The Turn. (Gruppetto.)m *

The Gruppetto is an ornament consisting of two or

three small notes which do not belong to the melody

It is formed by the addition of the lower and higher

appoggiatura to the principal note.

i * jjg^B 1jp

i mE

± £

m J *

*=£

p

£

£

P

£

^

£

£

£

£

*=£

£

£

££

I drr^i^^ i^^ i^ij^ Ii^^Pj^j^ijjpJis^l

pj h-l jgJ I tt

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?Pr%%^U Pr^AWBgBlp^T i

i

i

£ s m £ £ £ £r\

m \ i * £ £ P^ £ ££Trille.

Le trille est une oscillation reguliere du larynx.

une alternation rapide et eg*ale de deux sons con-

a la distance d\in ton ou d^in demi-ton. Le seul

de parvenir a faire un bon trille est de le tra-

en mesure, en comptant le nombre des batte-

Dabord il faut le travailler lentement; on pourra

augmenter le mouvement au fur et a mesure que leg-osier

a gagne' de la souplesse. Poilr e'viter toute fatigue a

voix de femme, on pourra commencer letud.e du trillepar

re^istre du medium:, on aura soin de transpose]* 1'exercice

trille ainsi que tons les autres exereices.

Maniere de travailler le trille.

The Trill.

The trill is a regular vibration of the larynx. It con -

sists of a rapid and rhythmical repetition of two notes

which lie close together, at the distance of a tone or a

semitone. The only method of acquiring a perfect trill

is to practise it in strict time, counting the number of

the notes. It must be practised slowly at first and the

beats doubled in speed only when the throat hasbecome

pliant. To avoid fatiguing the female voice, the trill

should be practised by beginning with the medium reg-

ister. The trill-exercises are to be transposed, like the

others.

How to practise the Trill.

mgi jjgjggsai -^

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40

177.

^feg £E 3DC wg^^

^-o- -«-

pcr TT

f#g^NESXEESTM^E3SB CS55XS

e£c.

ft £^jEE

Wetfc.

P^p

178.*

<tr179.

£ IfllJ >-

i t ITOlJ >-

I t

Differentes terminaisons dutrille.

180. Different endings of trills.

^m

Trille de tierces., Trills separated by a third

iA^S -* <tr

16805

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Gammes de trilles. Chain of Trills.

41

182.

<tr

5*•

5^ P?=*

*^

• a #

FfFfFfF 'fl 1« r«f » f « * « g£

|gii

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p

Exemple. Respirez

Example. Take breath., fr A.

£ «* ^*» ir (r

^etc.

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42

Trille doctave Octave -trills

183.

Execution

tfr^f

m <tr & 4r rs

3 msEES: i

/T\

^3E

  m

r?\

ees2

P

fe-

/?N

Exercice

i > mpour faciliter le'tude du trille aux gosiers qui man-

qnent de souplesse. A transposer comme tons les au-

tres exercices.

Exercise

to facilitate the study of trills for a voice lacking in

agility. This exercise is to be transposed lik<; the oth-

ers.

184.

i/T\

QBE £==XE XE H

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3 1197 00560 2484

DATE DUE

MAN 2 7 198(i JUL 2 9 1997

fEilliOOL,

-m. <*FFP if

o ?nnq

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A'0--1<1 f^^'^g.y,/ (jJ^rfZr^,

1/

SCHIRMER'S LIBRARYgf MUSICAL CLASSICS

,

/

VOCAL METHODS AN<D STUDIES

VOL. NO.

453

454/457

458

459/462

463

464/466

PRICE

1090/95

s

1170

117/119

82

432/433

242

243

244

246

294

555

275

276

247

248

245

570

ABT, F.

Op. 474. Practical Sing-ing Tutor (Spicker). Sop.

or Ten. CompleteThe same, in 4 vols. EachThe same, M.-Sop. or

Contralto CompleteThe same, in 4 vols. EachThe same, Bar. or Bass

CompleteThe same, Vols. I-III

Each

BEHNKE, EMIL &CHARLES W.PEARCE.

30 Voice- training Exer-

cises*' 6 vols. (Sop., M.-Sop., Alto, Ten., Bar.,

Bass) Each

BONA, P.

Rhythmical articulation

BQNOLDI, F.

Exercises in Vocalisation.

3 vols. (Sop., M.-aop.,Alto) Each

BORDOGNI, M.24 Easy Vocalises (Intro,

to 36 vocalises)

36 Vocalises (Spicker). 2

vols. (Sop., M.-Sop., or

Bar.) Each

CONCONE, J.

Op. 9. 50 Lessons for theMedium part of the voiceThe same, for ContraltoOp. 10. 25 lessons for theMedium part of thevoice

Op. 10 bis. The same for

Alto

Op. 11. 30 Daily Exercises

for the Medium part of

the voice

The same for Alto

Op. 12. 15 Vocalises for

SopranoOp. 12 bis. The same for

Contralto

Op. 17. 40 Lessons for

Contralto

The same for Bass or

Baritone

The School for Sight-

singing. Practical me-thod for young begin-ners

1 50

50

1 50

50

1 50

50

75

75

60

50

1 00

7J

75

75

75

7=>

75

75

75

75

75

1 00

LAMPERTI, F.

Daily Exercises in Singing 75

VOL. NO.

918/919

556/557

568

569

26

654/656

930/931

384

391

597

793

794

126

593

594

PfclCE

8 Solfeggi in the ModernStyle. High voice, low

voice Each 1 00

LAMPERTI, G. B.12 Solfeggi for Sop. or M.-Sop. or Ten. 2 vols. Each 1 00

30 Preparatory Vocalises

(Sop.) 1 25

29 Preparatory Vocalises

(Alto) 1 25

LEMOINE, H. &G. CARULLI72 Solfeggi for 2 voices 75

LUTGEN, B.

Studies in Velocity. High,medium or low voice.

Each

The same, vol. II. Highor low voice. Each

s75

75

MARCHESI, M.

Op. 1. Elementary Pro-

gressive Exercises 1 00

Op. 2. 24 Vocalises for

Sop. or M.-Sop. 1 00

Op. 3. 24 Vocalises for

Soprano 1 50

Op. 21. The Art of Sing-

ing, part I. Elementaryand graduated exercises 1 00

The same, part II. 30

Vocalises for M.-Sop. 1 00

Op. 32. 30 Vocalises for

M.-Sop. 1 50

MARCHESI, S.

Op. 15. 20 Elementaryand Progressive Vocalises

for the Medium part of

the Voice. Ital., Eng. 1 00

Op. 15 bis. The same for

Alto 1 00

\'OL. NO. PF.ICE

MAZZONI, A.

292 Solfeggi for the Mediumpart of the voice 1 00

293 The same, for Contralto 1 00

NAVA, G.

580 Op. 1. 24 Solfeggi forAlto and Bass

581/582 The same, in 2 vols. Each583 Op. 1 bis. 24 Solfeggi for

M.-Sop. and Bar.

584/585 The same, in 2 vols. Each586/588 Op. 9. Elementary Sol-

feggi for the Mediumpart of the voice. 3 vols.

Each590 Op. 38. 51 Progressive

Melodies for Sop. andTen.

50

75

50

75

1 00

1 50

PANOFKA, H.

76 Op. 81. The Art of Sing-ing. 24 Vocalises for

Sop. (or M.-Sop. or Ten.)77/78 The same, in 2 vols. Each

79 Op. 81. The Art of Sing-ing. Edition for Alto (or

Bar. or Bass)

80/81 The same, in 2 vols. Each595/596/^Op. 85. 24 Progressive

Vocalises. 2 vols. Each426 Vocal ABC427 The same, vol. 1. First

Lessons in Singing

428 The same, vol. II. 24

Vocalises

r•

PANSERON, A.

Method of Vocalisa**-r*i

for Sop. or T»rlex. linen

T*-_ csurnterfn 2 vols. EachA Musical ABC for

Elementary Vocal In-

struction

Solfeggi for 2 Voices

I

RUBINI, G. B.

12 Lessons in ModernSinging for Ten. or Bop.

The same, in 2 vols. Each

1 25

75

I 25

75

75

75

50

40

450

*51/452

979

776

855

856/857

721

971

730

972

973

974

975

111

112

lt3

114

115

116

240

278

241

279

2 00

1 25

50

75

1 50

75

 

SIEBER, F.

Op. 42, 43. School ofVelocity

10 Vocalises and Solfeg-

gios:

Op. 44. (High Sop.)

Op. 45. (M.-Sop.)

Op. 46. (Alia)-

Op. 47. WTen.)Op. 48. VBar.)

Op. 40. (Bass)

36 Eight-Measure Vocalises, for Elementary Voc.il Teaching:

Op.

Op.

Op.

Op.

Op.

Op.

92.

93.

94.

95.

96.

97.

Sop.)

(M.-Sop.)

(Alto)

(Ten.)

(Bar.)

(Bass)

1 53

75

. n75

73

75

75

60

60

60

60

60

60

VACCAI, N.

Practical Ital. Vocal

Method (Sop. or Ten.)

(Marzials)

The same. (High Sop.)

The same. (M.-Sop.)

The same. (Alto or Bar.,

75

75

75

75