Architecture Architecture through historythrough history

Architecture Architecture through historythrough history

by: Isabella Alviaby: Isabella AlviaArt B (Fall 2014)Art B (Fall 2014)

by: Isabella Alviaby: Isabella AlviaArt B (Fall 2014)Art B (Fall 2014)

Table of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of Contents

Greek ArchitectureGreek Architecture

Roman ArchitectureRoman Architecture

Byzantine ArchitectureByzantine Architecture

Romanesque ArchitectureRomanesque Architecture

Gothic ArchitectureGothic Architecture

Renaissance ArchitectureRenaissance Architecture

Baroque ArchitectureBaroque Architecture

Neoclassical ArchitectureNeoclassical Architecture

Modern ArchitectureModern Architecture

Greek ArchitectureGreek ArchitectureGreek ArchitectureGreek ArchitectureLife in ancient Greece revolved around Life in ancient Greece revolved around

religion, therefore it is expressed in their art religion, therefore it is expressed in their art

and architecture.and architecture.

The Greek temples consist of three The Greek temples consist of three

architectural designs: Doric, Ionic, and architectural designs: Doric, Ionic, and

Corinthian.Corinthian.

The Doric design appears plain and sturdy (ex: The Doric design appears plain and sturdy (ex:

Temple of Apollo)Temple of Apollo)

The Ionic design appears to have more elegant The Ionic design appears to have more elegant

designs and is thinner as well. Its peak designs and is thinner as well. Its peak

contains swirls, similar to a scroll design (ex: contains swirls, similar to a scroll design (ex:

Temple of Athena Nike)Temple of Athena Nike)

The Corinthian style contains the most designs The Corinthian style contains the most designs

of all, with detailed, elegant, and various of all, with detailed, elegant, and various

decorations on its peak. (ex: Temple of decorations on its peak. (ex: Temple of

Olympian Zeus)Olympian Zeus)

Roman ArchitectureRoman ArchitectureRoman ArchitectureRoman Architecture

The Romans have were fascinated The Romans have were fascinated

and adapted many Greek customs and adapted many Greek customs

especially their architectural especially their architectural

techniques. Not only did they apply techniques. Not only did they apply

these customs in their lifestyle, but these customs in their lifestyle, but

improved them as well.improved them as well.

Roman architectural inventions Roman architectural inventions

include: the basilica, amphitheater, include: the basilica, amphitheater,

Tuscan column, and baths (improved Tuscan column, and baths (improved

drainage system). drainage system).

Some examples include: the Some examples include: the

Pantheon, Basilica Julia, Arena of Pantheon, Basilica Julia, Arena of

Nimes, Baths of Caracalla, Roman Nimes, Baths of Caracalla, Roman

villa, and so much more.villa, and so much more.

Byzantine Byzantine ArchitectureArchitectureByzantine Byzantine

ArchitectureArchitectureFollowing the 5th century, Following the 5th century,

came a new type of era called, came a new type of era called,

Byzantine, along with its own Byzantine, along with its own

unique design as well as some unique design as well as some

adaptation of the Romans. adaptation of the Romans.

Architecture in this era Architecture in this era

consists of round arches, consists of round arches,

mosaics, and massive domes mosaics, and massive domes

with square bases and piers. with square bases and piers.

Examples: The Basilica of Sant’ Examples: The Basilica of Sant’

Apollinaire Nuovo, Eucterium, Apollinaire Nuovo, Eucterium,

Rotunda.Rotunda.

Romanesque Romanesque ArchitectureArchitectureRomanesque Romanesque ArchitectureArchitecture

Romanesque architecture in Romanesque architecture in

Europe is similar to the Roman Europe is similar to the Roman

style buildings. Romanesque style buildings. Romanesque

architecture consists of thick architecture consists of thick

walls, round arches, sturdy piers, walls, round arches, sturdy piers,

large towers, decorations/ large towers, decorations/

designs, and is massive in size. designs, and is massive in size.

With this architectural style, new With this architectural style, new

churches, monasteries and many churches, monasteries and many

castles were built. castles were built.

Example: Great St. Martin Example: Great St. Martin

Church, CologneChurch, Cologne

Gothic ArchitectureGothic ArchitectureGothic ArchitectureGothic ArchitectureGothic Architecture lasted through the Gothic Architecture lasted through the

Middle Ages in Europe, 12th- 16th Middle Ages in Europe, 12th- 16th

century. century.

Buildings created in this style consist Buildings created in this style consist

of immense spaces, walls, and tracery. of immense spaces, walls, and tracery.

This new style of the middle ages was This new style of the middle ages was

seen mainly in churches with new seen mainly in churches with new

design techniques such as: pointed design techniques such as: pointed

arches and the flying buttress. arches and the flying buttress.

The flying buttress, in particular, The flying buttress, in particular,

helped remove weight from the roof of helped remove weight from the roof of

the walls, enabled it to be higher, and the walls, enabled it to be higher, and

allowed more room for windows to allowed more room for windows to

allow light in. (ex: Notre Dame de allow light in. (ex: Notre Dame de

Paris)Paris)

Renaissance Renaissance ArchitectureArchitectureRenaissance Renaissance ArchitectureArchitecture

Renaissance architecture ranged Renaissance architecture ranged

from the 15th- 17th century in from the 15th- 17th century in

Europe. Europe.

This particular style focussed This particular style focussed

entirely on geometric means, entirely on geometric means,

symmetry, and proportion. symmetry, and proportion.

Semicircular arches, Semicircular arches,

hemispherical domes, lintels, hemispherical domes, lintels,

plasters, and columns were used plasters, and columns were used

to make up buildings of this to make up buildings of this

design. design.

Some examples include: Florence Some examples include: Florence

Cathedral and St. Peter’s BasilicaCathedral and St. Peter’s Basilica

Baroque Baroque ArchitectureArchitecture

Baroque Baroque ArchitectureArchitecture

Lasting until the 18th century, Lasting until the 18th century,

Baroque Architecture consisted Baroque Architecture consisted

of space, expression, and of space, expression, and

contrast. contrast.

Contrast was used particularly Contrast was used particularly

in lighting to create a dramatic in lighting to create a dramatic

effect on the buildings’ effect on the buildings’

interiors. Bright colors were interiors. Bright colors were

used on ceiling paintings to used on ceiling paintings to

communicate emotions.communicate emotions.

Some examples include: Palace Some examples include: Palace

of Versailles and St. Peter’s of Versailles and St. Peter’s

Square Square

Neoclassical Neoclassical ArchitectureArchitectureNeoclassical Neoclassical ArchitectureArchitecture

Lasting from the 18th to 19th Lasting from the 18th to 19th

century, Neoclassical century, Neoclassical

architecture consisted of design architecture consisted of design

qualities that revived the qualities that revived the

Roman and Greek forms. Roman and Greek forms.

This particular style made use This particular style made use

of scale and geometric forms, of scale and geometric forms,

tall columns, symmetrical tall columns, symmetrical

shapes, and triangular/ domed shapes, and triangular/ domed

roofs. roofs.

Examples: Thomas Jefferson Examples: Thomas Jefferson

Memorial and Maison du Caree Memorial and Maison du Caree

at Nimesat Nimes

Modern ArchitectureModern ArchitectureModern ArchitectureModern ArchitectureRanging from the late 19th century Ranging from the late 19th century

to today, Modern Architecture to today, Modern Architecture

consists of un ornamented styles, or consists of un ornamented styles, or

International style.International style.

The modern style focuses more on The modern style focuses more on

social and political developments social and political developments

occurring. The buildings’ designs are occurring. The buildings’ designs are

made according to its function and made according to its function and

dramatic, unnecessary details are no dramatic, unnecessary details are no

longer included. Buildings were longer included. Buildings were

created according to its use/ created according to its use/

purpose.purpose.

Examples include: Empire State Examples include: Empire State

Building and Sydney Opera House.Building and Sydney Opera House.

The EndThe EndThe EndThe End